Tanzania travel advice
Latest updates: Health – editorial update
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Risk level
TANZANIA - Exercise a high degree of caution
Exercise a high degree of caution in Tanzania due to crime levels and the threat of terrorism.
Border with Mozambique in Mtwara Region - Avoid all travel
Avoid all travel to within 10 km of the border with Mozambique, in the Mtwara Region, due to the presence of armed groups, the threat of terrorism and the risk of kidnapping.
Portion of Mtwara Region south of the A19 highway - Avoid non-essential travel
Avoid non-essential travel to the area between the A19 highway and the border with Mozambique in the Mtwara Region, due to the presence of armed groups, the threat of terrorism and the risk of kidnapping. This advisory excludes the areas within 10 km from the border with Mozambique, where you should avoid all travel. This advisory also excludes Mtwara City where you should exercise a high degree of caution.
Safety and security
Border with Mozambique in the Mtwara region
Extremist groups are active in the northern districts of Cabo Delgado, Mozambique. Security incidents have occurred along the border, in the Mtwara Region. Tanzanian military and security forces conduct counterinsurgency operations in the area where access is controlled in several locations and movements in and out are monitored.
Southern Mtwara region
Armed groups have been active in the southern Mtwara region between highway 19 and 10 km from the border with Mozambique. There is a threat of terrorism and kidnappings in this region.
Border with Burundi and Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa)
Exercise a high degree of caution when travelling near refugee camps in northwestern Tanzania, particularly in the region of Kigoma and to the west of Kagera bordering Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda, due to banditry.
Demonstrations
Demonstrations can occur anywhere across the country and sometimes on short notice. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.
- Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
- Follow the instructions of local authorities
- Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations
Mass gatherings (large-scale events)
Crime
Petty crime
Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, occurs.
Theft occurs in crowded public areas such as:
- popular tourist areas, including beaches
- buses, trains, bus and train stations and airports
- hotel lobbies
- markets
- restaurants, including outdoor seating areas
- nightclubs and cinemas
- shopping centres
Snatching from passing motorcycles or cars is frequent. Common targets are bags, jewelry, and electronics.
In Dar es Salaam, exercise a high degree of caution in and around:
- Coco Beach
- Kariakoo Market area
- Masaki and Oyster Bay Peninsula, particularly along Toure Drive
In Zanzibar, exercise increased caution in and around:
- Stone Town
- Nungwi
- Paje
- Jambiani
During your trip:
- keep your personal belongings, including your passport and your other travel documents in a secure place
- don’t show signs of affluence, wear expensive jewellery or visibly display electronics
- don’t carry large sums of cash or valuables unnecessarily
- seek local advice on the security situation prior to visiting beaches
- when walking along the street, do not carry your bag with the strap across your body
- walk towards the traffic so you can see the vehicles approaching
- Avoid walking outside after dark
- be aware of your surroundings at all times and avoid distractions through actions such as wearing headphones
Violent crime
Violent crime can occur throughout the country. Incidents include:
- armed robbery
- burglary
- assault, including sexual assault
During your stay:
- stay in accommodations with adequate security measures
- only use reputable companies for long term accommodations
- keep doors and windows locked at all times
- keep valuables out of sight and reach
- avoid isolated areas
- be extra cautious when withdrawing cash from ATMs
- don't resist an attack
Kidnappings
Kidnapping-for-ransom does not pose a significant risk in Tanzania, but it cannot be ruled out since armed groups from neighboring countries are known to employ this tactic.
Exercise caution along the following border areas:
- around Lake Tanganyika, which marks the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo
- the southeastern border with Mozambique
Express kidnappings
Express kidnappings have occurred near hotels and transportation facilities such as ferry, bus and train terminals, in Dar es Salaam, where kidnappers demand small immediate ransoms.
Criminals kidnap the victim from the street or a taxi and force the person to withdraw funds from an ATM. The victim is sometimes held overnight so that a second withdrawal can be made the next day.
These kidnappings are sometimes committed by taxi or ride-share apps drivers.
- Only use reputable cab companies or ride-sharing apps
- When using a ride sharing app, ensure the vehicle license plate is the same as the one displayed on the app.
- Do not accept rides from new acquaintances or strangers
- Avoid hailing taxis on the street
- Do not get into a vehicle that already has a passenger in it
- If you're threatened by armed criminals, stay calm and don’t resist
Terrorism
There is a threat of terrorism.
Tanzania remains vulnerable to terrorist groups active in neighbouring countries. Terrorist attacks cannot be ruled out.
Terrorists may target public places and crowded areas.
Targets could include:
- government buildings
- schools
- places of worship
- public areas frequented by foreigners, such as restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centers, markets, hotels and other tourist destinations
Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places.
Be particularly vigilant during:
- sporting events
- religious holidays
- public celebrations
- major political events, such as election
Terrorists may use such occasions to mount attacks.
Women safety
Women travelling alone may be subject to some forms of harassment and verbal abuse.
2SLGBTQI+ persons
Tanzanian law prohibits sexual acts between individuals of the same sex. Those convicted face up to life imprisonment and possibly a fine.
2SLGBTQI+ persons have been subject to physical and verbal harassment by the local population and authorities.
Security forces sometimes carry out arbitrary arrests and searches based on sexual orientation or gender identity. Interventions include:
- detentions
- interrogations
- alleged physical abuse.
2SLGBTQI+ travellers should carefully consider the risks of travelling to Tanzania.
Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics
Spiked food and drinks
Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances. These items may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery.
Roads
Road safety
There are major road safety issues in Tanzania. Fatal accidents are common, and they often involve pedestrians. Police and emergency services assistance is limited or even unavailable in rural areas.
Road conditions
Road conditions vary throughout the country and at different times of the year. Driving conditions may be hazardous during the rainy season from March to May and then again from November to December. Sometimes near-zero visibility is a risk. A four-wheel-drive vehicle may be necessary to travel outside cities, off major highways and during the rainy season.
Roads are poorly maintained and can be dangerous due to:
- potholes
- stray animals
- numerous motorcycles and bicycles
- lack of traffic signs
- pedestrians on the road
- insufficient or lighting and vehicles not using their headlights
- poorly maintained vehicles
Driving habits
Drivers often disregard traffic laws and speeding is common. Pedestrians and other drivers’ rights of way are not respected. Drivers often don’t stop at traffic lights, making intersections very prone to accidents.
Traffic accidents can quickly draw large and sometimes hostile crowds. Remain calm if there is a dispute, particularly in a public place. If threatened by a large crowd, seek direct intervention from the local police.
If you choose to drive in Tanzania:
- always drive defensively
- avoid driving after dark outside of urban centres
- always keep doors and windows closed and locked
- consider using a four-wheel-drive vehicle outside urban centres
- fill your gas tank before you travel
- during the rainy season, confirm with local authorities that the chosen route is passable
Checkpoints
Police checkpoints are common throughout the country. Only national police officers have the authority to establish checkpoints.
- Be prepared to show your identification
- Follow the instructions of the police
- Remain calm and courteous
If you are asked to pay a fine on the spot for a traffic violation, ask for a copy of the written fine that can be paid later, or insist on going to the nearest police station.
Fraud
Credit card and ATM fraud occurs. Be cautious when using your credit or debit card at ATMs.
- pay careful attention when your cards are being handled by others
- use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or inside a bank or business
- avoid using card readers that have an irregular or unusual feature
- cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
- check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements
Foreigners have been victims of scams relating to volunteer work visas and safaris.
If you plan to engage in these activities, only deal with reputable companies and make verifications beforehand.
Cybersecurity
Cybercrime, malware attacks and online extortion may occur in Tanzania.
Cybercriminals can compromise public Wi-Fi networks to steal personal data or credit information.
They can also monitor social media and listen to your phone conversations.
- Avoid shopping on unencrypted websites
- Be cautious when posting information on social media
- Be especially cautious if you decide to meet someone you met online
- Don't click on suspicious links that ask for your banking information in an e-mail or text message
Useful links
Cybersecurity while travelling
National parks and nature reserves
Many national parks and nature reserves are in remote areas with limited emergency services. Wild animals often venture within boundaries of camps.
If you decide to visit parks and reserves:
- Only use reputable and professional guides or tour operators
- Follow the advice and warnings of local tour guides and camp employees
- Do not walk around at night
- Never leave children unattended
Wildlife observation
Wild animals can be dangerous, particularly if you are on foot or at close range.
- Always maintain a safe distance when observing wildlife
- Only exit a vehicle when a professional guide or warden says it’s safe to do so
- Closely follow park regulations and wardens’ advice
Mount Kilimanjaro
If you are considering climbing Mount Kilimanjaro, carefully consider the risks involved. People are seriously injured or killed on the mountain every year, and emergency assistance is severely limited.
If you intend to climb:
- share your itinerary with a friend or family member if you’re alone
- stay on marked trails and consider hiring an experienced guide from a reputable company
- buy travel insurance that includes helicopter rescue and medical evacuation
- ensure that your physical condition is good enough to meet the challenges of your activity
- ensure that you are properly equipped and well informed about weather and other conditions that may pose a hazard
- inform a family member or friend of your itinerary, including when you expect to be back to camp
- know the symptoms of acute altitude sickness, dehydration and heatstroke, which can be fatal
Water activities
Costal waters can be dangerous, even for experienced swimmers. Riptides are common. Several drownings occur each year. Beaches are generally unsupervised. There is no warning system to alert of unsafe conditions.
If you plan to participate in boating activities, such as snorkelling or diving:
- use a reputable company
- ensure that life jackets are available for all passengers
- do not use the equipment if you are unsure of its safety
- consult residents and tour operators for information on possible hazards, the presence of dangerous species and safe swimming areas
- don’t board boats that appear unseaworthy
Power outages
Power outages occur regularly across the country. Local authorities may impose rationing measures for electricity.
Telecommunications
Cellular coverage is usually good in main cities but may be limited outside of urban areas.
Public transportation
Buses
Buses, locally known as “dala dala” are unsafe, overcrowded and frequently involved in fatal accidents. There have also been reports of sexual assault on buses. You should avoid using buses.
Intercity buses are usually safer.
The risks are increased when travelling after dark.
Taxis and ridesharing services
Taxis availability may be limited outside city centers.
- Avoid using motorcycle taxis, locally known as “pika-pika “or “boda-boda” or three-wheel taxis, “bajaj”, as they are frequently involved in accidents
- Use only licensed taxis selected by a reputable hotel or restaurant, or one located at an official taxi stand
- Never share a taxi with strangers
- Make sure the driver doesn’t pick up other passengers along the way to your destination
- Always ask for identification before accepting transportation and check that the driver’s ID matches the name of the car registration and taxi licence
- Ask the driver to start the meter or negotiate the fare in advance
- Have small bills ready for payment
Rideshare services are available.
- Use a trusted ridesharing app
- Confirm the driver’s identity and the licence plate before getting in the car
- Don't share your ride with another person
- Use a security feature to share your ride status with a contact
Trains
The electric train service between Dar es Salaam and Morogoro is regular and reliable. Maintenance standards are low for trains on all other lines. There have been reports of theft on crowded trains, particularly on overnight travels.
Ferries
There are regular and reliable ferries travelling between Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar. The ferries operating on other routes are less reliable and often overcrowded. Tanzanian ports are often frequented by persuasive ticket scalpers, insistent porters and sellers. They are crowded and prone to petty crime.
Ferry accidents occur due to the overloading and poor maintenance of some vessels.
- Make sure the vessel you are boarding is carrying appropriate safety equipment and that life jackets are provided for all passengers and accessible at all times
- Only use reputable ferry companies
- Do not board vessels that appear overloaded or unseaworthy
- Avoid using water means of transportation during bad weather conditions
Piracy
Pirate attacks and armed robbery against ships occur in coastal waters, particularly in the Indian Ocean. Mariners should take appropriate precautions.
Live piracy report - International Maritime Bureau
Air travel
We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.
Entry and exit requirements
Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.
We have obtained the information on this page from the Tanzanian authorities. It can, however, change at any time.
Verify this information with the Foreign Representatives in Canada.
Passport
Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.
Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.
Regular Canadian passport
Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months beyond the date you expect to leave Tanzania.
Passport for official travel
Different entry rules may apply.
Passport with “X” gender identifier
While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. People with an X gender identifier have been denied entry into Tanzania. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.
Other travel documents
Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.
Useful links
Visas
Tourist visa: required
Business visa: required
Student visa: required
Work/volunteer visa: required
You can obtain a 3-month tourist or business single entry visa on arrival at main ports of entry.
Canadians planning to stay in Tanzania for more than 90 days or requiring a multiple entry visa must apply for an eVisa before traveling to Tanzania.
Verify that you abide by the terms and expiry date indicated on your visa. You could receive a substantial fine if you overstay the period allowed by your visa or residence permit.
Useful links
- Visa information - Ministry of Home Affairs of Tanzania
- Get an e-visa – Tanzania’s official application service
Other entry requirements
You must be able to show proof of return or onward ticket. You could be refused entry if you fail to show it upon request.
Working and volunteering in Tanzania
You cannot perform any type of work, including volunteer work, on a tourist visa. When planning to travel to Tanzania to do volunteer work, contact the High Commission for the United Republic of Tanzania for information on specific requirements.
Work permits must be verified by Tanzanian immigration officials within 30 days of issuance. You can get this done at any Tanzanian Immigration office or online the Immigration Department’s online verification system.
Useful links
- Residence permits information – Government of Tanzania
- Foreign diplomatic missions and consulates in Canada
Children and travel
Learn more about travelling with children.
Yellow fever
Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).
Health
Relevant Travel Health Notices
- Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
- COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024
- Polio: Advice for travellers - 20 August, 2024
This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.
Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.
Routine vaccines
Be sure that your routine vaccinations, as per your province or territory, are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.
Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.
Pre-travel vaccines and medications
You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary.
Hepatitis A
There is a risk of hepatitis A in this destination. It is a disease of the liver. People can get hepatitis A if they ingest contaminated food or water, eat foods prepared by an infectious person, or if they have close physical contact (such as oral-anal sex) with an infectious person, although casual contact among people does not spread the virus.
Practise safe food and water precautions and wash your hands often. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to areas where hepatitis A is present.
Yellow Fever - Country Entry Requirements
Yellow fever is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.
Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.
Risk
- There is low potential for yellow fever exposure in this country.
Country Entry Requirement*
- Proof of vaccination is required if you are coming from or have transited through an airport of a country where yellow fever occurs.
Recommendation
- Vaccination may be recommended depending on your itinerary.
- Contact a designated Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre well in advance of your trip to arrange for vaccination.
- Discuss travel plans, activities, and destinations with a health care professional.
- Protect yourself from mosquito bites.
Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada
* It is important to note that country entry requirements may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest diplomatic or consular office of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.
Measles
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.
Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.
Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.
Meningococcal disease
This destination is in the African Meningitis Belt, an area which has the highest rates of meningococcal disease in the world. Meningococcal disease is a serious and sometimes fatal infection.
Travellers who are at higher risk should discuss vaccination with a health care provider. High-risk travellers include those living or working with the local population (e.g., health care workers) or those travelling to crowded areas or taking part in large gatherings.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus. Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.
It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.
Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.
Influenza
The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.
The flu occurs worldwide.
- In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to April.
- In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and October.
- In the tropics, there is flu activity year round.
The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.
The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.
Malaria
Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease that is caused by parasites spread through the bites of mosquitoes.
There is a risk of malaria in certain areas and/or during a certain time of year in this destination.
Antimalarial medication may be recommended depending on your itinerary and the time of year you are travelling. Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic before travelling to discuss your options. It is recommended to do this 6 weeks before travel, however, it is still a good idea any time before leaving.
Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times:
• Cover your skin and use an approved insect repellent on uncovered skin.
• Exclude mosquitoes from your living area with screening and/or closed, well-sealed doors and windows.
• Use insecticide-treated bed nets if mosquitoes cannot be excluded from your living area.
• Wear permethrin-treated clothing.
If you develop symptoms similar to malaria when you are travelling or up to a year after you return home, see a health care professional immediately. Tell them where you have been travelling or living.
Rabies
In this destination, rabies is commonly carried by dogs and some wildlife, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. While travelling, take precautions, including keeping your distance from animals (including free-roaming dogs), and closely supervising children.
If you are bitten or scratched by a dog or other animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. In this destination, rabies treatment may be limited or may not be available, therefore you may need to return to Canada for treatment.
Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who are at high risk of exposure (e.g., occupational risk such as veterinarians and wildlife workers, children, adventure travellers and spelunkers, and others in close contact with animals).
Safe food and water precautions
Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.
- Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
- Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
- Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs.
Cholera
Risk
Cholera is a risk in parts of this country. Most travellers are at very low risk.
To protect against cholera, all travellers should practise safe food and water precautions.
Travellers at higher risk of getting cholera include those:
- visiting, working or living in areas with limited access to safe food, water and proper sanitation
- visiting areas where outbreaks are occurring
Vaccination may be recommended for high-risk travellers, and should be discussed with a health care professional.
Travellers' diarrhea
Travellers' diarrhea is the most common illness affecting travellers. It is spread from eating or drinking contaminated food or water.
Risk of developing travellers' diarrhea increases when travelling in regions with poor standards of hygiene and sanitation. Practise safe food and water precautions.
The most important treatment for travellers' diarrhea is rehydration (drinking lots of fluids). Carry oral rehydration salts when travelling.
Typhoid
Typhoid is a bacterial infection spread by contaminated food or water. Risk is higher among children, travellers going to rural areas, travellers visiting friends and relatives or those travelling for a long period of time.
Travellers visiting regions with a risk of typhoid, especially those exposed to places with poor sanitation, should speak to a health care professional about vaccination.
Schistosomiasis
There is a risk of schistosomiasis in this destination. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by tiny worms (blood flukes) which can be found in freshwater (lakes, rivers, ponds, and wetlands). The worms can break the skin, and their eggs can cause stomach pain, diarrhea, flu-like symptoms, or urinary problems. Schistosomiasis mostly affects underdeveloped and rural communities, particularly agricultural and fishing communities.
Most travellers are at low risk. Travellers should avoid contact with untreated freshwater such as lakes, rivers, and ponds (e.g., swimming, bathing, wading, ingesting). There is no vaccine or medication available to prevent infection.
Insect bite prevention
Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:
- Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
- Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
- Minimize exposure to insects
- Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed
To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.
Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.
Chikungunya
There is a risk of chikungunya in this country. The level of risk may vary by:
- season
- year
- region
- elevation
The virus that causes chikungunya is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can cause fever and pain in the joints. In some cases, the joint pain can be severe and last for months or years.
Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times.
Learn more:
Onchoceriasis
Onchocerciasis (river blindness) is an eye and skin disease caused by a parasite spread through the bite of an infected female blackfly. Onchocerciasis often leads to blindness if left untreated. Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from blackfly bites, which are most common close to fast-flowing rivers and streams. There is no vaccine available for onchocerciasis although drug treatments exist.
Dengue
- In this country, dengue is a risk to travellers. It is a viral disease spread to humans by mosquito bites.
- Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.
- The level of risk of dengue changes seasonally, and varies from year to year. The level of risk also varies between regions in a country and can depend on the elevation in the region.
- Mosquitoes carrying dengue typically bite during the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset.
- Protect yourself from mosquito bites. There is no vaccine or medication that protects against dengue.
Rift Valley fever
Rift Valley fever is a viral disease that can cause severe flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can be fatal. It is spread to humans through contact with infected animal blood or tissues, from the bite of an infected mosquito, or eating or drinking unpasteurized dairy. Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from insect bites and avoid animals, particularly livestock, and unpasteurized dairy. There is no vaccine available for Rift Valley fever.
African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is caused by a parasite spread through the bite of a tsetse fly. Tsetse flies usually bite during the day and the bites are usually painful. If untreated, the disease is eventually fatal. Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from bites especially in game parks and rural areas. Avoid wearing bright or dark-coloured clothing as these colours attract tsetse flies. There is no vaccine available for this disease.
Animal precautions
Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.
Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.
Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.
Person-to-person infections
Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette, which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:
- washing your hands often
- avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
- avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is an infection caused by bacteria and usually affects the lungs.
For most travellers the risk of tuberculosis is low.
Travellers who may be at high risk while travelling in regions with risk of tuberculosis should discuss pre- and post-travel options with a health care professional.
High-risk travellers include those visiting or working in prisons, refugee camps, homeless shelters, or hospitals, or travellers visiting friends and relatives.
HIV
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks and impairs the immune system, resulting in a chronic, progressive illness known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).
High risk activities include anything which puts you in contact with blood or body fluids, such as unprotected sex and exposure to unsterilized needles for medications or other substances (for example, steroids and drugs), tattooing, body-piercing or acupuncture.
Medical services and facilities
Medical facilities and services are not up to Canadian standards, even in Dar es Salaam.
Medical supplies can be limited. A cash deposit or an upfront payment is required.
Medical evacuation, which can be very expensive, may be necessary in the event of serious illness or injury.
Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.
Health and safety outside Canada
Medication
Some prescription medications may not be available in Tanzania.
If you take prescription medications, you’re responsible for determining their legality in the country.
- Bring enough medication for your stay
- Always keep your medication in the original container and carry a copy of your prescriptions
- Pack your medication in your carry-on luggage
Keep in Mind...
The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.
Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a travel health kit, especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.
Laws and culture
You must abide by local laws.
Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad.
Drugs
Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences.
Alcohol
The sale and consumption of alcohol may be limited in certain regions of the country and at certain times of the year.
Plastic bags
The use, manufacture or importation of plastic bags is illegal.
Convicted offenders, including tourists, can face very heavy fines, imprisonment for up to 7 days, or both.
Identification
Local authorities may request to see your identification at any time.
- Always carry photo identification
- Keep a photocopy of your passport in a safe place in case it’s lost or seized
Photography and drones
Photography of military installations is forbidden. Individuals have been detained and/or had their cameras and film confiscated for taking pictures of public structures and buildings, including:
- hospitals
- schools
- bridges
- industrial sites
- airports
You must obtain a permit to import a drone into Tanzania.
Always ask permission before photographing individuals.
Information on drone importation – Tanzanian Civil Aviation Authority
Pornography
Possession of pornographic material is illegal.
Flora and fauna
Collecting and removing any flora or fauna from its natural habitat is illegal. This includes removing seashells from marine parks.
Tanzanian law strictly regulates the sale, possession or removal from the country of animal or animal parts, including jewelry and hunting trophies. Certain items are exempt. However, you need a special permit from the Tanzanian wildlife management authority before attempting to leave the country with these items.
Tanzania Wildlife Management Authority – Government of Tanzania
Ramadan
In 2025, the lunar month of Ramadan is expected to begin on or around February 28.
In public, between sunrise and sunset, be discreet when:
- drinking
- eating
- smoking
Dress and Behaviour
In Zanzibar, Islamic practices and beliefs are particularly influential.
To avoid offending local sensitivities:
- dress conservatively
- behave discreetly
- respect religious and social traditions
Women should cover their shoulders and refrain from wearing shorts.
2SLGBTQI+ persons
Tanzanian law prohibits sexual acts between individuals of the same sex. Those convicted face up to life imprisonment and possibly a fine.
2SLGBTQI+ persons should carefully consider the risks of travelling to Tanzania.
Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics
Dual citizenship
Dual citizenship is not legally recognized in Tanzania.
If local authorities consider you a citizen of Tanzania, they may refuse to grant you access to Canadian consular services. This will prevent us from providing you with those services.
International Child Abduction
The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. It does not apply between Canada and Tanzania.
If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Tanzania by an abducting parent:
- act as quickly as you can
- consult a lawyer in Canada and in Tanzania to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
- report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children's Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre
If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.
Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.
Useful links
- International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents
- Children and travel
- Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
- Request emergency assistance
Driving
You must carry an international driving permit alongside your Canadian driver’s licence.
Vehicles drive on the left.
Money
The currency is the Tanzanian shilling (TZS).
Tanzanian shillings or U.S. dollars are the preferred method of payment. Credit cards are not widely accepted in rural areas.
ATMs are available in main cities, and some can be used to access Canadian bank accounts. However, they occasionally run out of cash, especially on holidays and during weekends. You should carry a small amount of U.S. dollars for use in airports and at borders. You must declare all currencies exceeding 10,000 U.S. dollars upon arrival and departure from Tanzania.
Natural disasters and climate
Climate change
Climate change is affecting Tanzania. Extreme and unusual weather events are becoming more frequent and may affect your travel plans. Monitor local news to stay informed on the current situation.
Rainy season
On the mainland, the rainy season usually extends from March to May and then again from November to December. This can vary from year to year due to climate change. Seasonal flooding can hamper overland travel and reduce the provision of essential services. Roads may become impassable due to mudslides and landslides. Bridges, buildings, and infrastructure may be damaged.
- Monitor local media for the latest information including road conditions
- Stay away from flooded areas
- Monitor weather reports
- Follow the instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders
Latest weather warnings – Tanzania Meteorological Authority
Cyclones
The cyclone season occurs from November to April.
If you decide to travel to Tanzania during this time:
- be prepared to change your travel plans on short notice, including cutting short or cancelling your trip
- carry emergency contact information for your airline or tour operator
Seismic activity
Tanzania is located in an active seismic zone.
Even minor earthquakes can cause significant damage.
Useful links
Need help?
Local services
Emergency services
Dial 112 for emergency assistance.
Consular assistance
Dar Es Salaam - High Commission of Canada
Comoros, Seychelles, Zambia
Appointment Book your appointment onlineFor emergency consular assistance, call the High Commission of Canada in Tanzania, in Dar es Salaam, and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.
Disclaimer
The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.
The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.
If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.
Learn more about consular services.
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