The 2023 Digital Education Outlook provides, for the first time, a window into how OECD countries and partner economies are managing the digital transition and the extent to which they are prepared for a digital transformation.

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the potential and need to be ready for digital education. Countries have digitised their system-level management tools to some extent, but coherent digital education ecosystems still remain to be established in many countries.

This chapter presents a vision of what a digital transformation of education could look like and what some of its benefits and challenges are. It argues that digital technology, including AI, could improve the effectiveness and quality of education by personalising education, be it teaching and learning or other education services, by making it more inclusive and possibly equitable, and by improving the cost-efficiency of the sector. A digital transformation of education also comes with risks that must be mitigated. The findings of the report about where countries stand suggest a few areas where they should focus their efforts to catalyse their ongoing journey of digitising the education operations towards a proper digital transformation. Taking advantage of the possibilities of widespread data collections and the use of advanced digital tools and resources to solve their educational problems will require further effort.