Swami Vivekananda: Shāmi Bibekānondo
Swami Vivekananda: Shāmi Bibekānondo
Sarojini Naidu
(born as Sarojini Chattopadhyay), also known by the sobriquet as The
Nightingale of India,was an Indian independence activist and poet. Naidu
served as the first governor of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh from
1947 to 1949; the first woman to become the governor of an Indian
state.[3] She was the second woman to become the president of the
Indian National Congress in 1925 and the first Indian woman to do so.
Born
Sarojini Chattopadhyay
13 February 1879
Hyderabad , Hyderabad State ,
British India
Died
Indian Union
Alma mater King's College London (1895
1898); Girton College ,
Cambridge ; University of
Madras
United
Provinces of Agra and Oudh
Term
Predecesso
r
Successor
Political
party
Movement
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Govindarajulu
Naidu
(18981949)
Padmaja and four others
Aghore
Nath
Chattopadhyay,
Barada
Sundari Debi
Relatives
Harindranath Chattopadhyay ,
Virendranath Chattopadhyay
Early life
Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad to Aghore Nath Chattopadhyay and
Barada Sundari Debi on 13 February 1879. Her father, with a doctorate
of Science from Edinburgh University , settled in Hyderabad, where he
found and administered the Hyderabad College, which later became the
Nizam's College in Hyderabad. Her mother was a poetess and used to
write poetry in Bengali. She was the eldest among the eight siblings.
Her brother Virendranath Chattopadhyaya was a revolutionary and her other
brother, Harindranath was a poet, a dramatist, and an actor.
Naidu passed her matriculation examination from the University of Madras ,
but she took four years' break from her studies. In 1895, the "Nizam
scholarship Trust" founded by the 6th Nizam Mir Mahbub Ali Khan,
gave her the chance to study in England first at King's College London
and later at Girton College, Cambridge .
Naidu met Govindarajulu Naidu, a doctor by profession, and at the age
of 19, after finishing her studies, she got married to him. At that
time, inter-caste marriages were not allowed, but her father approved
the marriage.
The couple had five children. Her daughter Padmaja
Governor of West Bengal .
became the
Political career
Sarojini Naidu (extreme right) with Mahatma Gandhi
during Salt
Satyagraha, 1930
Naidu joined the Indian national movement in the wake of partition of Bengal in
1905 . She came into contact with Gopal Krishna Gokhale , Rabindranath Tagore
, Muhammad Ali Jinnah , Annie Besant , C. P. Ramaswami Iyer , Mahatma Gandhi
and Jawaharlal Nehru
Discipline
In its natural sense, discipline is systematic instruction intended
to train a person, sometimes literally called a disciple , in a craft,
trade or other activity, or to follow a particular code of conduct or
"order ". Often, the phrase "to discipline" carries a negative
connotation. This is the case because enforcement of order is often
regulated through the threat of punishment
to ensure given
instructions are carried out.
Discipline is the assertion of willpower over more base desires, and
is usually understood to be synonymous with self control . Selfdiscipline is to some extent a substitute for motivation , when one
uses reason to determine the best course of action that opposes one's
desires. Virtuous behavior is when one's motivations are aligned with
one's reasoned aims: to do what one knows is best and to do it
gladly. Continent behavior, on the other hand, is when one does what
one knows is best, but must do it by opposing one's motivations.
Moving from continent to virtuous behavior requires training and some
self-discipline.
School discipline
School discipline is the system of rules, punishments ,
behavioral strategies appropriate to the regulation
and
Indias
System
of
Controls
over
Exports
of
India's
scientific,
technological
and
industrial
Cleanliness
Cleanliness is both the abstract state of being clean and free from
dirt , and the process of achieving and maintaining that state.
Cleanliness may be endowed with a moral quality, as indicated by the
aphorism "cleanliness is next to godliness ," and may be regarded as
contributing to other ideals such as health and beauty .
In emphasizing an ongoing procedure or set of habits for the purpose
of maintenance and prevention, the concept of cleanliness differs
from purity , which is a physical, moral, or ritual state of freedom
from pollutants. Whereas purity is usually a quality of an individual
or substance, cleanliness has a social dimension, or implies a system
of interactions. "Cleanliness," observed Jacob Burckhardt , "is