Module 3
Module 3
Value all clients and patients, especially the poor, marginalized, and vulnerable
1. Prioritize the poorest 20 million Filipinos in all health programs and support
them in non-direct health expenditures
2. Make all health entitlements simple, explicit and widely published to
facilitate understanding, & generate demand
3. Set up participation and redress mechanisms
4. Reduce turnaround time and improve transparency of processes at all DOH
health facilities
5. Eliminate queuing, guarantee decent accommodation and clean
restrooms in all government hospitals
1. Brief History
▪ On September 6-12, 1978, health leaders from around 200 countries
attended the International Conference for Primary Health Care held at
Alma Ata, USSR initiated by the WHO and United Nations Children's Fund
(International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, 1978).
▪ Together they expressed the need for concerted efforts by all
governments and health and development workers for the protection
and promotion of health of all the people.
▪ The Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care emerged from this
conference.
▪ The Alma Ata Conference made the following declarations:
O Health is a basic fundamental right.
▪ The PHC strategy was later adopted in the Philippines by virtue of Letter
of Instruction (LOI) 949 of 1979, making the Philippines the first country in
Asia to embark on meeting "the challenge of PHC (Bautista, 2001).
• May 1977. The 30th World Health Assembly adopted resolution which
decided that the main social target of governments and of WHO should be
the attainment by all the people of the world by the year 2000 a level of
health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive
life.
• September 6-12, 1978. International Conference in PHC was held in this year
at Alma Ata, USSR (Russia)
• October 19, 1979. The President of the Philippines (Ferdinand Marcos) issued
Letter of Instruction (LOI) 949 which mandated the then Ministry of Health
to adopt PHC as an approach towards design, development, and
implementation of programs which focus health development at the
community level.
2. Legal Basis
October 19, 1979 – Letter of Instruction (LOI) 949, the legal basis of PHC was signed
by Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos, which adopted PHC as an approach towards the
design, development and implementation of programs focusing
on health development at community level.
▪ The WHO defines Primary Health Care “an essential health care made
universally acceptable to individuals and families in the community by
means acceptable to them through their full participation and at a cost
that the community and country and afford at every stage of
development.”
▪ According to the Alma Ata Deaclaration, PHC “is essential health care
based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods
and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in
the community through their full participation and at a cost that the
community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their
development in the spirit of self reliance and self-determination.”
▪ The universal goal of PHC as stated in the Alma Ata Declaration is "health
for all" by the year 2000.
▪ This policy agenda of "health for all by the year 2000" technically was a
global strategy employed for achieving three main objectives:
(1) promotion of healthy lifestyle
(2) prevention of diseases
(3) therapy for existing conditions.
Goals
▪ The ultimate goal of primary health care is better health for all. WHO has
identified five key elements to achieving that goal:
1. Reducing exclusion and social disparities in health (universal
coverage reforms);
2. Organizing health services around people’s needs and
expectations (service delivery reforms);
3. Integrating health into all sectors (public policy reforms);
4. Pursuing collaborative models of policy dialogue (leadership
reforms); and
5. Increasing stakeholder participation.
ELEMENTS
The following are the eight (8) essential elements of primary health care:
Rationale
Objectives
There are two types of primary health care workers in the Philippines:
Major Strategies
2. Community Participation
• Community participation is the heart and soul of primary health care.
4. Self-reliance
• Through community participation and cohesiveness of people’s
organization they can generate support for health care through social
mobilization, networking and mobilization of local resources.
5. Partnership between the community and the health agencies in the
provision of quality of life.
• Providing linkages between the government and the non-government
organization and people’s organization.
8. Decentralization
• This ensures empowerment and that empowerment can only be facilitated
if the administrative structure provides local level political structures with
more substantive responsibilities for development initiators. This also facilities
proper allocation of budgetary resources.
1. SAMBONG
• A plant that reaches 1 ½ to 3 meters in height
with rough hairy leaves.
• Young plants around mother plant may be
separated when they have three or more
leaves.
• Scientific Name: Blumea balsamifera
USES:
1. Anti-edema
2. Diuretic
3. Anti-urolithiasis
PREPARATION:
• Boil chopped leaves in water for 15 minutes until one glassful remains.
Cool and strain.
• Divide decoction into 3 parts. Drink one part 3 times a day.
NOTE: Sambong is not a medicine for kidney infection
2. AKAPULKO
• Ringworm Bush
• Bayas-bayasan
• This plant is about 1 to 2 meters tall
• The leaves are embraced with 8 to 20
oblongelliptical shaped leaflets It has
flowers with oblong sepals
• Scientific Name: Cassia alata
USES:
• Anti-fungal: Tinea Flava, Ringworm, Athlete ’s Foot and Scabies
PREPARATION:
• Fresh, matured leaves are pounded.
• Apply as a soap to the affected part 1 to 2 times a day.
3. NIYUG-NIYOGAN
• Chinese Honey Suckle
• A vine which bears tiny fruits
and grows wild in
backyards.
• The seeds must come from
mature, dried but newly
opened fruits.
• Propagated through stem
cuttings about 20cm in
height.
• Scientific Name: Quisqualis indica L.
USES:
Anti-helmintic (used to expel parasitic worms.)
PREPARATION:
• Seeds of niyug-niyogan are eaten raw two hours before the patient’s
last meal of the day.
• Adults may take 10 seeds; children 4 to 7 years of age may eat up to
four seeds only; ages 8 to 9 may take six seeds and seven seeds may be
eaten by children 10 to 12 years old.
• Not to be given to children below four years old.
4. TSAANG GUBAT
• Forest Tea or Wild Tea
• A shrub with small, shiny nice-
looking leaves that grows in wild
uncultivated areas and forests.
• Scientific Name: Carmona retusa
USES:
• Diarrhea
• Stomach ache
PREPARATION:
• Boil the following amount of chopped leaves in 2 glasses of water for
15 minutes or until amount of water goes down to 1 glass. Cool and
strain.
• Wash leaves and chop. Boil chopped leaves in 1 glass of water for 15
minutes. Cool and filter/strain and drink.
5. AMPALAYA
• Bitter Gourd or Bitter melon
• A climbing vine with tendrils that
grow up to 20 cms long.
• Leaves are heartshaped, which are 5
to 10 cms in diameter
• Fruits have ribbed and wrinkled
surface that are fleshy green with
pointed ends at length and has a
bitter taste.
• Scientific Name: Momordica
charantia
USES:
• Lowers blood sugar levels
• Diabetes Mellitus (Mild-non insulin dependent)
PREPARATION:
• Gather and wash young leaves very well.
• Chop.
• Boil 6 tablespoons in two glassfuls of water for 15 minutes under low
fire.
• Do not cover pot.
• Cool and strain.
• Take one third cup 3 times a day after meals.
6. LAGUNDI
• 5 Leaved-Chaste Tree
• A shrub growing wild in vacant lots
and waste land.
• Matured branches are planted.
• The flowers are blue and bellshaped.
• The small fruits turn black when ripe. It
is better to collect the leaves when
are in bloom.
• Scientific Name: Vitex negundo
USES:
• Asthma and cough
• Fever, Dysentery, Colds & Pain
• Skin diseases and wounds
• Headache Rheumatism, sprain, contu sions, insect bites.
• Aromatic bath for sick patients
PREPARATION:
• For Asthma, cough and fever, boil chopped raw fruits or leaves in 2
glasses of water left for 15 minutes until the water left in only 1 glass
(decoction). Strain.
• For Dysentery, colds and pain, boil a handful of leaves and flowers in
water to produce a glass full of decoction 3 time a day.
• For skin diseases (dermatitis, scabies, ulcer, eczema) and wounds,
prepare a decoction of the leaves. Wash and clean the skin/wound with
the decoction.
• For headache, crushed leaves may be applied on the forehead.
• For rheumatism, sprain, contusions and insect bites, pound the leaves
and apply on the affected part.
7. ULASIMANG BATO
• Silver bush or Shiny bush
• Pansit-pansitan
• A weed with heartshaped
leaves that grow in shady parts
of the garden and yard.
• Scientific Name: Peperomia
pellucida
USES:
• Lowers uric acid (Rheumatism and Gout)
PREPARATION:
• Wash the leaves well.
• One and a half cup leaves are boiled in two glassfuls of water over low
fire.
• Do not cover pot.
• Cool and strain.
• Divide into three parts and drink each part 3 times a day a day.
May also be eaten as salad.
• Wash the leaves well.
• Prepare one and a half cups of leaves (not closely packed).
• Divide into three parts and take as salad 3 times a day.
8. BAWANG
• Garlic
• A low herb and grows up to sixty cms
high
• Leaves are flat and linear
• Bulbs consist of several tubers
• Scientific Name: Allium sativum
USES:
• For hypertension
• Toothache
• Lowers cholesterol levels in the blood
PREPARATION:
• May be fried, roasted, soaked in vinegar for 30 minutes, or blanched
in boiled water for 5 minutes.
• Take two pieces three times a day after meals.
• For toothache, pound a small piece and apply to affected part.
CAUTION: Take on full stomach to prevent stomach and intestinal
ulcers.
9. BAYABAS
• Guava
• A tree about 4 to 5 meters high with tiny
white flowers with round or oval fruits
that are eaten raw.
• Scientific Name: Psidium guajava
USES:
• For washing wounds
• For toothache
• For diarrhea
PREPARATION:
• Warm decoction is used for gargle.
• Freshly pounded leaves are used for toothache.
• Guava leaves are to be washed well and chopped.
• Boil for 15 minutes at low fire. Do not cover pot.
• Cool and strain before use.
PREPARATION:
• For pain in diff. parts of the body, boil chopped leaves in 2 glasses of
water for 15 minutes. Cool and strain.
• For rheumatism, arthritis and headache, crush the fresh leaves and
squeeze sap. Massage sap on painful parts with eucalyptus.
• For cough and cold, get about 10 fresh leaves and soak in a glass of hot
water. Drink as tea. Acts as an expectorant.
• For toothache, cut fresh plant and squeeze sap. Soak a piece of cotton
in the sap and insert this in aching tooth cavity. Mouth should be rinsed
by gargling salt solution before inserting the cotton. To prepare salt
solution: add 5g of table salt to one glass of water.
• For Menstrual pain and gas pain, soak a handful of leaves in a glass of
boiling water. Drink infusion. It induces menstrual flow and sweating.
• For nausea and fainting, crush leaves and apply at nostrils of patient.
• For insect bites, crush leaves and apply juice on affected part or pound
leaves until paste-like and rub this on the affected part.
Learning Activity: