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Help:希臘語國際音標：修订间差异

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第1行： 第1行：
⚫
下列表格显示的是在维基百科条目中用[[國際音標|国际音标（{{lang|en|IPA}}）]]表记的[[古希臘語|古希腊语]]和[[现代希腊语]]的音韵结构。目前古希腊语的发音常用[[ISO 843|希腊语罗马字转写系统]]表示，而希腊本土居民常用现代希腊语词句表示。
{{translating|time=2012-7-16}}


⚫
关于此语言的具体的音韵结构，参见[[古代希腊语音系]]和[[现代希腊语音系]]。
{{IPAkeys}}
⚫
下列表格显示的是在维基百科条目中用[[国际音标|国际音标（{{lang|en|IPA}}）]]标记的[[古希腊语]]和[[现代希腊语]]的音韵结构。目前古希腊语的发音常用[[希腊语罗马字转写系统]]表示，而希腊本土居民常用现代希腊语词句表示。


⚫
关于这些语言的具体的音韵结构，参见[[古代希腊语音系]]和[[现代希腊语音系]]。

{| style="background:none;"
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5"| [[Consonant]]s
! colspan="6" | [[辅音]]
|-
|-
! rowspan=2|[[Greek alphabet|Greek<br>alphabet]] !! colspan=2|[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! rowspan=2|Examples !! rowspan=2|English equivalent<br> for Modern Greek
! rowspan=2|[[希腊字母]] !! colspan=2|[[國際音標|IPA]]!! rowspan="2" |示例 !! rowspan=2|英语近似发音
! rowspan="2" |普通话近似发音
|-
|-
! [[Ancient Greek|Anc.]] !! [[Modern Greek|Mod.]]
! [[古希臘語|古希腊语]]!! [[现代希腊语]]
|-
|-
|align="center" | <span style="font-size:140%">{{lang|grc|&nbsp;῾}}</span>
|align="center" | <span style="font-size:140%">{{lang|grc|&nbsp;῾}}</span>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[清喉擦音|{{IPA|h}}]]</big>
|align="center" |{{IPAlink|∅}}
|align="center" |[[零形式|{{IPA|∅}}]]
| {{lang|grc|ἥρως}} {{IPA|[hɛ̌ːrɔːs]}}, {{IPA|[ˈiros]}}
| {{lang|grc|ἥρως}} {{IPA|[hɛ̌ːrɔːs]}}, {{IPA|[ˈiros]}}
| '''h'''ero (Ancient Greek only)
| '''h'''ero (仅古希腊语)
|没有相应发音
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>β</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>β</big>}}
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[濁雙唇塞音|{{IPA|b}}]]</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[濁唇齒擦音|{{IPA|v}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''β'''ίος}} {{IPA|[ˈvios]}}
| {{lang|el|'''β'''ίος}} {{IPA|[ˈvios]}}
| '''v'''et
| '''v'''et
|没有相应发音
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>γ</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>γ</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
|align="center" rowspan=2|<big>[[濁軟顎塞音|{{IPA|ɡ}}]]</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɣ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[濁軟顎擦音|{{IPA|ɣ}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''γ'''άλα}} {{IPA|[ˈɣala]}}
| {{lang|el|'''γ'''άλα}} {{IPA|[ˈɣala]}}
| 没有相应发音
| No English equivalent
|没有相应发音
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʝ}}</big><ref name=palatal> {{lang|el|‹γ›, ‹κ›, ‹χ›, ‹γγ›, ‹γκ›, ‹γχ›}} represent palatal {{IPA|[ʝ c ç ɲɟ ɲç]}} only before the [[front vowel]]s {{IPAblink|i}} and {{IPAblink|e̞|e}}. The velar and palatal series are sometimes analyzed as [[allophone]]s of a single dorsal series.</ref>
|align="center" |<big>[[浊硬颚擦音|{{IPA|ʝ}}]]</big><ref name=palatal> {{lang|el|‹γ›, ‹κ›, ‹χ›, ‹γγ›, ‹γκ›, ‹γχ›}} represent palatal {{IPA|[ʝ c ç ɲɟ ɲç]}} only before the [[front vowel]]s &#91;[[閉前不圓唇元音|{{IPA|i}}]]&#93; and &#91;[[中前不圆唇元音|{{IPA|e}}]]&#93;. The velar and palatal series are sometimes analyzed as[[allophone]]s of a single dorsal series.</ref>
| {{lang|el|'''γ'''η}} {{IPA|[ʝi]}}
| {{lang|el|'''γ'''η}} {{IPA|[ʝi]}}
| '''y'''ellow
| '''y'''ellow
|有 '''y'''ŏu
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>δ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>δ</big>}}
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|d}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[濁齒齦塞音|{{IPA|d}}]]</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ð}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[浊齿擦音|{{IPA|ð}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''δ'''ῆμος}} {{IPA|[dɛ&#770;ːmos]}}, {{IPA|[ðimos]}}
| {{lang|el|'''δ'''ῆμος}} {{IPA|[dɛ&#770;ːmos]}}, {{IPA|[ðimos]}}
| '''th'''en
| '''th'''en
|的 '''d'''ē 浊音
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>ζ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>ζ</big>}}
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|dz}}</big><ref>Also [[Zeta#Pronunciation|may have been]] {{IPA|/zd/}}.</ref>
|align="center" |<big>[[濁齒齦塞擦音|{{IPA|dz}}]]</big><ref>Also [[Ζ|may have been]] {{IPA|/zd/}}.</ref>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[濁齒齦擦音|{{IPA|z}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''ζ'''ώνη}} {{IPA|[ˈzoni]}}
| {{lang|el|'''ζ'''ώνη}} {{IPA|[ˈzoni]}}
| '''z'''ero
| '''z'''ero
|斯 '''s'''ī 浊音
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>θ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>θ</big>}}
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|tʰ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[送气|{{IPA|tʰ}}]]</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|θ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[清齿擦音|{{IPA|θ}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''θ'''εολογία}} {{IPA|[θeoloˈʝia]}}
| {{lang|el|'''θ'''εολογία}} {{IPA|[θeoloˈʝia]}}
| '''th'''ing
| '''th'''ing
|没有相应发音
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>κ</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>κ</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
|align="center" rowspan=2|<big>[[清軟顎塞音|{{IPA|k}}]]</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[清軟顎塞音|{{IPA|k}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''κ'''αλός}} {{IPA|[kaˈlos]}}
| {{lang|el|'''κ'''αλός}} {{IPA|[kaˈlos]}}
| s'''k'''y
| s'''k'''y
|哥 '''g'''ē
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|c}}</big><ref name=palatal/>
|align="center" |<big>[[清硬顎塞音|{{IPA|c}}]]</big><ref name=palatal/>
| {{lang|el|'''κ'''ύκλος}} {{IPA|[ˈciklos]}}
| {{lang|el|'''κ'''ύκλος}} {{IPA|[ˈciklos]}}
| ''somewhat like'' '''k'''ey
| ''诸如'' '''k'''ey
|开 '''k'''āi
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>λ</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>λ</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
|align="center" rowspan=2|<big>[[齿龈边音|{{IPA|l}}]]</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[齿龈边音|{{IPA|l}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|''' λ'''εξικό}} {{IPA|[leksiˈko]}}
| {{lang|el|''' λ'''εξικό}} {{IPA|[leksiˈko]}}
| '''l'''ie
| '''l'''ie
|啦 '''l'''ā
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʎ}}</big><ref name=ln>{{IPAblink|ʎ}} and {{IPAblink|ɲ}} are usually analysed as clusters of {{IPA|/li/}} and {{IPA|/ni/}} respectively, and are also spelled accordingly in Greek orthography. Palatalized pronunciation presupposes the presence of ''yet another'' vowel after the palatalized consonant and its following /i/. If there is no subsequent second vowel, palatalization does not occur.</ref>
|align="center" |<big>[[硬颚边音|{{IPA|ʎ}}]]</big><ref name=ln>&#91;[[硬颚边音|{{IPA|ʎ}}]]&#93; and &#91;[[硬颚鼻音|{{IPA|ɲ}}]]&#93; are usually analysed as clusters of{{IPA|/li/}}and {{IPA|/ni/}} respectively, and are also spelled accordingly in Greek orthography. Palatalized pronunciation presupposes the presence of ''yet another'' vowel after the palatalized consonant and its following /i/. If there is no subsequent second vowel, palatalization does not occur.</ref>
| {{lang|el|ε'''λι'''ά}} {{IPA|[e̞ˈʎa]}}
| {{lang|el|ε'''λι'''ά}} {{IPA|[e̞ˈʎa]}}
| mi'''lli'''on
| mi'''lli'''on
|没有相应发音
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>μ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>μ</big>}}
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[双唇鼻音|{{IPA|m}}]]</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[双唇鼻音|{{IPA|m}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|''' μ'''ηχανικός}} {{IPA|[mixaniˈkos]}}
| {{lang|el|''' μ'''ηχανικός}} {{IPA|[mixaniˈkos]}}
| '''m'''ine
| '''m'''ine
|马 '''m'''ă
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>ν</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>ν</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
|align="center" rowspan=2|<big>[[齿龈鼻音|{{IPA|n}}]]</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[齿龈鼻音|{{IPA|n}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''ν'''έος}} {{IPA|[ˈneos]}}
| {{lang|el|'''ν'''έος}} {{IPA|[ˈneos]}}
| '''n'''i'''n'''e
| '''n'''i'''n'''e
|你 '''n'''ǐ
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big><ref name=ln/>
|align="center" |<big>[[硬颚鼻音|{{IPA|ɲ}}]]</big><ref name=ln/>
| '''νι'''ότη {{IPA|[ˈɲoti]}}
| '''νι'''ότη {{IPA|[ˈɲoti]}}
| o'''ni'''on
| o'''ni'''on
|近似于 年 '''ni'''án
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>ξ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>ξ</big>}}
第95行： 第105行：
| {{lang|el|'''ξ'''ενοφοβία}} {{IPA|[ksenofoˈvia]}}
| {{lang|el|'''ξ'''ενοφοβία}} {{IPA|[ksenofoˈvia]}}
| ta'''x'''
| ta'''x'''
⚫
|
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>π</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>π</big>}}
|align="center" colspan=2|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
|align="center" colspan=2|<big>[[清雙唇塞音|{{IPA|p}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''π'''ρόγραμμα}} {{IPA|[ˈproɣrama]}}
| {{lang|el|'''π'''ρόγραμμα}} {{IPA|[ˈproɣrama]}}
| s'''p'''y
| s'''p'''y
|普 '''p'''ǔ
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>ρ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>ρ</big>}}
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[齿龈颤音|{{IPA|r}}]]</big>
|align="center" rowspan=2|<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big><ref>May be a [[alveolar tap|tap]] {{IPAblink|ɾ}} intervocalically.</ref>
|align="center" rowspan=2|<big>[[齿龈颤音|{{IPA|r}}]]</big><ref>May be a [[alveolar tap|tap]] &#91;[[齿龈闪音|{{IPA|ɾ}}]]&#93; intervocalically.</ref>
| {{lang|el|'''ρ'''ητορική}} {{IPA|[ritoriˈci]}}
| {{lang|el|'''ρ'''ητορική}} {{IPA|[ritoriˈci]}}
|rowspan=2 |[[Alveolar trill|trilled]] ''r'', as in Italian and Spanish
|rowspan=2 |[[Alveolar trill|trilled]] ''r''，如同意大利语和西班牙语
|'''没有相应发音'''
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|grc|<big>ῥ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|grc|<big>ῥ</big>}}
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|r̥}}</big><ref>May have been {{IPA|/rʰ/}}.</ref>
|align="center" |<big>[[清齿龈颤音|{{IPA|r̥}}]]</big><ref>May have been {{IPA|/rʰ/}}.</ref>
|
|
|'''没有相应发音'''
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>σ</big>}}<ref>{{lang|el|‹σ›}} represents {{IPAblink|z}} before {{IPA|[b v m r ɣ]}} eg: {{lang|el|Σμήνος}} {{IPA|[ˈzminos]}}</ref>
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>σ</big>}}<ref>{{lang|el|‹σ›}} represents &#91;[[濁齒齦擦音|{{IPA|z}}]]&#93; before {{IPA|[b v m r ɣ]}} eg:{{lang|el|Σμήνος}}{{IPA|[ˈzminos]}}</ref>
|align="center" colspan=2|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
|align="center" colspan=2|<big>[[清齒齦擦音|{{IPA|s}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''σ'''ύστημα}} {{IPA|[ˈsistima]}}
| {{lang|el|'''σ'''ύστημα}} {{IPA|[ˈsistima]}}
| '''s'''ea
| '''s'''ea
|斯 '''s'''ī
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>τ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>τ</big>}}
|align="center" colspan=2|<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>
|align="center" colspan=2|<big>[[清齒齦塞音|{{IPA|t}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''τ'''ηλέφωνο}} {{IPA|[tiˈlefono]}}
| {{lang|el|'''τ'''ηλέφωνο}} {{IPA|[tiˈlefono]}}
| s'''t'''ep
| s'''t'''ep
|的 '''d'''ē
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>φ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>φ</big>}}
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|pʰ}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[送气|{{IPA|pʰ}}]]</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[清唇齒擦音|{{IPA|f}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''φ'''αινόμενο}} {{IPA|[feˈnomeno]}}
| {{lang|el|'''φ'''αινόμενο}} {{IPA|[feˈnomeno]}}
| '''f'''ly
| '''f'''ly
|发 '''f'''ā
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>χ</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>χ</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|<big>{{IPAlink|kʰ}}</big>
|align="center" rowspan=2|<big>[[送气|{{IPA|kʰ}}]]</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[清軟顎擦音|{{IPA|x}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''χ'''άος}} {{IPA|[ˈxaos]}}
| {{lang|el|'''χ'''άος}} {{IPA|[ˈxaos]}}
| lo'''ch''' ''(Scottish)''
| lo'''ch''' ''(苏格兰)''
|韩 '''h'''án
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ç}}</big><ref name=palatal/>
|align="center" |<big>[[清硬顎擦音|{{IPA|ç}}]]</big><ref name=palatal/>
| {{lang|el|'''χ'''ειρόγραφος}} {{IPA|[çiˈroɣrafos]}}
| {{lang|el|'''χ'''ειρόγραφος}} {{IPA|[çiˈroɣrafos]}}
| ''(often)'' '''hu'''man
| ''(通常)'' '''hu'''man
⚫
|
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>ψ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>ψ</big>}}
第141行： 第160行：
| {{lang|el|'''ψ'''υχοθεραπεία}} {{IPA|[psixoθeraˈpia]}}
| {{lang|el|'''ψ'''υχοθεραπεία}} {{IPA|[psixoθeraˈpia]}}
| ti'''ps'''
| ti'''ps'''
|
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>γγ</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>γγ</big>}}
第146行： 第166行：
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋɡ, ŋɣ}}</big><ref name=prenasal>{{lang|el|γκ, μπ, ντ}} usually represent {{IPA|[ŋɡ~ɲɟ mb nd]}} when found in the middle of a Greek word, {{IPA|[ɡ~ɟ b d]}} when found in any foreign word or in the beginning of the a Greek one. eg: {{lang|el|αμπέλι}} {{IPA|[amˈbeli]}}, μπαμπάς {{IPA|[baˈbas]}}</ref>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋɡ, ŋɣ}}</big><ref name=prenasal>{{lang|el|γκ, μπ, ντ}} usually represent {{IPA|[ŋɡ~ɲɟ mb nd]}} when found in the middle of a Greek word, {{IPA|[ɡ~ɟ b d]}} when found in any foreign word or in the beginning of the a Greek one. eg: {{lang|el|αμπέλι}} {{IPA|[amˈbeli]}}, μπαμπάς {{IPA|[baˈbas]}}</ref>
| {{lang|el|α'''γγ'''ούρι}} {{IPA|[aŋˈɡuri]}}/{{lang|el|συ'''γγ'''ραφέας}} {{IPA|[siŋɣraˈfeas]}}
| {{lang|el|α'''γγ'''ούρι}} {{IPA|[aŋˈɡuri]}}/{{lang|el|συ'''γγ'''ραφέας}} {{IPA|[siŋɣraˈfeas]}}
| fi'''ng'''er
| fi'''ng'''er
|方 fā'''ng'''
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɲɟ, ɲʝ}}</big><ref name=palatal/><ref name=prenasal/>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɲɟ, ɲʝ}}</big><ref name=palatal/><ref name=prenasal/>
| {{lang|el|ά'''γγ'''ελος}} {{IPA|[ˈaɲɟelos]}}/{{lang|el|ε'''γγ'''ενής}} {{IPA|[eɲʝeˈnis]}}
| {{lang|el|ά'''γγ'''ελος}} {{IPA|[ˈaɲɟelos]}}/{{lang|el|ε'''γγ'''ενής}} {{IPA|[eɲʝeˈnis]}}
| a'''ng'''el
| a'''ng'''el
|'''没有相应发音'''
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>γκ</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>γκ</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|
|align="center" rowspan=2|
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}, {{IPA|ŋɡ}}</big><ref name=prenasal/>
|align="center" |<big>[[濁軟顎塞音|{{IPA|ɡ}}]], {{IPA|ŋɡ}}</big><ref name=prenasal/>
| {{lang|el|ε'''γκ'''ώμιο}} {{IPA|[eŋˈɡomio]}}
| {{lang|el|ε'''γκ'''ώμιο}} {{IPA|[eŋˈɡomio]}}
| '''g'''ood, fi'''ng'''er
| '''g'''ood, fi'''ng'''er
|方 fā'''ng'''
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɟ}}, {{IPA|ɲɟ}}</big><ref name=palatal/><ref name=prenasal/>
|align="center" |<big>[[濁硬顎塞音|{{IPA|ɟ}}]], {{IPA|ɲɟ}}</big><ref name=palatal/><ref name=prenasal/>
| {{lang|el|ε'''γκ'''υκλοπαίδεια}} {{IPA|[eɲɟikloˈpeðia]}}
| {{lang|el|ε'''γκ'''υκλοπαίδεια}} {{IPA|[eɲɟikloˈpeðia]}}
| ar'''g'''ue, a'''ng'''ular
| ar'''g'''ue, a'''ng'''ular
|'''没有相应发音'''
|-
|-
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>γχ</big>}}
|align="center" rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>γχ</big>}}
第166行： 第190行：
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋx}}</big><ref name=prenasal/>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ŋx}}</big><ref name=prenasal/>
| {{lang|el|ά'''γχ'''ος}} {{IPA|[ˈaŋxos]}}
| {{lang|el|ά'''γχ'''ος}} {{IPA|[ˈaŋxos]}}
| often a'''nkh'''
| often a'''nkh'''
|
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɲç}}</big><ref name=palatal/><ref name=prenasal/>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɲç}}</big><ref name=palatal/><ref name=prenasal/>
| {{lang|el|ε'''γχ'''είριση}} {{IPA|[eɲˈçirisi]}}
| {{lang|el|ε'''γχ'''είριση}} {{IPA|[eɲˈçirisi]}}
| sometimes a'''nkh'''es
| sometimes a'''nkh'''es
|
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>γξ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>γξ</big>}}
第177行： 第203行：
| {{lang|el|έλε'''γξ'''α}} {{IPA|[ˈeleŋksa]}}
| {{lang|el|έλε'''γξ'''α}} {{IPA|[ˈeleŋksa]}}
| tha'''nks'''
| tha'''nks'''
|
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>μπ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>μπ</big>}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|b}}, {{IPA|mb}}</big><ref name=prenasal/>
|align="center" |<big>[[濁雙唇塞音|{{IPA|b}}]], {{IPA|mb}}</big><ref name=prenasal/>
| {{lang|el|ε'''μπ'''άθεια}} {{IPA|[emˈbaθia]}}
| {{lang|el|ε'''μπ'''άθεια}} {{IPA|[emˈbaθia]}}
| '''b'''ook, a'''mb'''le
| '''b'''ook, a'''mb'''le
|
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>ντ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>ντ</big>}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|d}}, {{IPA|nd}}</big><ref name=prenasal/>
|align="center" |<big>[[濁齒齦塞音|{{IPA|d}}]], {{IPA|nd}}</big><ref name=prenasal/>
| {{lang|el|ε'''ντ'''άξει}} {{IPA|[enˈdaksi]}}
| {{lang|el|ε'''ντ'''άξει}} {{IPA|[enˈdaksi]}}
| '''d'''uck, u'''nd'''er
| '''d'''uck, u'''nd'''er
|大 '''d'''à 浊音
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>τσ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>τσ</big>}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ts}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[清齒齦塞擦音|{{IPA|ts}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''τσ'''άι}} {{IPA|[ˈtsai]}}
| {{lang|el|'''τσ'''άι}} {{IPA|[ˈtsai]}}
| ca'''ts'''
| ca'''ts'''
|擦 '''c'''ā
|-
|-
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>τζ</big>}}
|align="center" |{{lang|el|<big>τζ</big>}}
|align="center" |
|align="center" |
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|dz}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>[[濁齒齦塞擦音|{{IPA|dz}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''τζ'''αζ}} {{IPA|[ˈdzaz]}}
| {{lang|el|'''τζ'''αζ}} {{IPA|[ˈdzaz]}}
| pa'''ds'''
| pa'''ds'''
|资 '''z'''ī 浊音
⚫
|-
|}
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=5| [[Vowel]]s
! colspan="6" | [[元音]]
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[Greek alphabet|Greek<br>alphabet]] !! colspan="2"|[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! rowspan="2"| Examples !! rowspan=2| English equivalent<br> for Modern Greek
! rowspan=2 | [[希腊字母]] !! colspan="2"|[[國際音標|IPA]]!! rowspan="2" | 示例 !! rowspan=2| 英语相似发音
! rowspan="2" |普通话近似发音
|-
|-
! [[Ancient Greek|Anc.]] !! [[Modern Greek|Mod.]]
! [[古希臘語|古希腊语]]!! [[现代希腊语]]
|-
|-
|align=center rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>α</big>}}
|align=center rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>α</big>}}
|align=center |<big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big>
|align=center |<big>[[开前不圆唇元音|{{IPA|a}}]]</big>
|align=center rowspan=2|<big>{{IPAlink|ä|a}}</big>
|align=center rowspan=2|<big>[[開央不圓唇元音|{{IPA|a}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''α'''λφ'''ά'''βητο}} {{IPA|[alˈfavito]}}
| {{lang|el|'''α'''λφ'''ά'''βητο}} {{IPA|[alˈfavito]}}
|rowspan=2 | t'''a'''r, sp'''a'''
|rowspan=2 | t'''a'''r, sp'''a'''
| rowspan="2" |阿 '''ā'''
|-
|-
|align=center |<big>{{IPAlink|aː}}</big>
|align=center |<big>[[开前不圆唇元音|{{IPA|aː}}]]</big>
|
|
|-
|-
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>αι</big>}}
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>αι</big>}}
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|aj}}</big>
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|aj}}</big>
|align=center rowspan=2|<big>{{IPAlink|e̞|e}}</big>
|align=center rowspan=2|<big>[[中前不圆唇元音|{{IPA|e}}]]</big>
|
|
|rowspan=2 | ''between'' b'''e'''t ''and'' b'''ai'''t
|rowspan=2 | ''介于'' b'''e'''t ''和'' b'''ai'''t ''之间''
|白 b'''ái'''
|-
|-
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ε</big>}}
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ε</big>}}
|align=center |<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>
|align=center |<big>[[半閉前不圓唇元音|{{IPA|e}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''ε'''ν'''έ'''ργεια}} {{IPA|[eˈnerʝia]}}
| {{lang|el|'''ε'''ν'''έ'''ργεια}} {{IPA|[eˈnerʝia]}}
|黑 h'''ē'''i
|-
|-
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ει</big>}}
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ει</big>}}
|align=center |<big>{{IPAlink|eː}}</big>
|align=center |<big>[[半閉前不圓唇元音|{{IPA|eː}}]]</big>
|align=center rowspan=8|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big><ref>The large number of mergers into Modern Greek {{IPA|/i/}} is called [[Iotacism]].</ref><ref name=soften>Letters normally representing {{IPA|/i/}} can also indicate a palatal pronunciation of dorsal consonants when appearing before other vowels: i.e instead of velar {{IPA|[ɣ k x ɡ]}}, palatal {{IPA|[ʝ c ç ɟ]}} occur (eg: {{lang|el|γιαγιά}} {{IPA|[ʝaˈʝa]}}, {{lang|el|κιόλας}} {{IPA|[ˈcolas]}}, {{lang|el|χιόνι}} {{IPA|[ˈçoni]}}, {{lang|el|μαγκιά}} {{IPA|[maˈɟa]}}. A similar process has a palatal fricative follow other consonants; {{IPAblink|ʝ}} follows voiced consonants {{IPA|[v b d ð z r]}} (eg: {{lang|el|χέρια}} {{IPA|[ˈcerʝa]}}, {{lang|el|βαριέμαι}} {{IPA|[varˈʝeme]}}) and {{IPAblink|ç}} follows voiceless consonants {{IPA|[f p θ t s t͡s]}} (eg: {{lang|el|καρφιά}} {{IPA|[karfˈça]}}, {{lang|el|ποιος}} {{IPA|[pços]}}, {{lang|el|ρεβύθια}} {{IPA|[reˈviθça]}}). Similarly {{IPAblink|ɲ}} follows {{IPAblink|m}} under similar situations (eg: {{lang|el|μια}} {{IPA|[mɲa]}}, {{lang|el|καλαμιά}} {{IPA|[kalaˈmɲa]}}</ref>
|align=center rowspan=8|<big>[[閉前不圓唇元音|{{IPA|i}}]]</big><ref>The large number of mergers into Modern Greek {{IPA|/i/}} is called[[Iotacism]].</ref><ref name=soften>Letters normally representing {{IPA|/i/}} can also indicate a palatal pronunciation of dorsal consonants when appearing before other vowels: i.e instead of velar {{IPA|[ɣ k x ɡ]}}, palatal {{IPA|[ʝ c ç ɟ]}} occur (eg: {{lang|el|γιαγιά}} {{IPA|[ʝaˈʝa]}}, {{lang|el|κιόλας}} {{IPA|[ˈcolas]}}, {{lang|el|χιόνι}} {{IPA|[ˈçoni]}}, {{lang|el|μαγκιά}} {{IPA|[maˈɟa]}}. A similar process has a palatal fricative follow other consonants; &#91;[[浊硬颚擦音|{{IPA|ʝ}}]]&#93; follows voiced consonants {{IPA|[v b d ð z r]}} (eg:{{lang|el|χέρια}}{{IPA|[ˈcerʝa]}}, {{lang|el|βαριέμαι}} {{IPA|[varˈʝeme]}}) and &#91;[[清硬顎擦音|{{IPA|ç}}]]&#93; follows voiceless consonants {{IPA|[f p θ t s t͡s]}} (eg:{{lang|el|καρφιά}} {{IPA|[karfˈça]}}, {{lang|el|ποιος}} {{IPA|[pços]}}, {{lang|el|ρεβύθια}} {{IPA|[reˈviθça]}}). Similarly &#91;[[硬颚鼻音|{{IPA|ɲ}}]]&#93; follows &#91;[[双唇鼻音|{{IPA|m}}]]&#93; under similar situations (eg: {{lang|el|μια}} {{IPA|[mɲa]}}, {{lang|el|καλαμιά}} {{IPA|[kalaˈmɲa]}}</ref>
| {{lang|el|ενέργ'''ει'''α}} {{IPA|[eˈnerʝia]}}
| {{lang|el|ενέργ'''ει'''α}} {{IPA|[eˈnerʝia]}}
|rowspan=8 | s'''ee'''m
|rowspan=8 | s'''ee'''m
|黑 h'''ē'''i
|-
|-
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>η</big>}}
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>η</big>}}
|align=center |<big>{{IPAlink|ɛː}}</big>
|align=center |<big>[[半開前不圓唇元音|{{IPA|ɛː}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''η'''θικ'''ή'''}} {{IPA|[iθiˈci]}}
| {{lang|el|'''η'''θικ'''ή'''}} {{IPA|[iθiˈci]}}
|元 yu'''á'''n
|-
|-
|align=center rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>ι</big>}}
|align=center rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>ι</big>}}
|align=center |<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
|align=center |<big>[[閉前不圓唇元音|{{IPA|i}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''ι'''στορ'''ί'''α}} {{IPA|[istoˈria]}}
| {{lang|el|'''ι'''στορ'''ί'''α}} {{IPA|[istoˈria]}}
|提 t'''í'''
|-
|-
|align=center |<big>{{IPAlink|iː}}</big>
|align=center |<big>[[閉前不圓唇元音|{{IPA|iː}}]]</big>
|
|
|提 t'''í'''
|-
|-
|align=center rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>υ</big>}}<ref>When following a vowel, {{lang|el|‹υ›}} represents a pronunciation with {{IPAblink|f}} before {{lang|el|‹θ›, ‹κ›, ‹ξ›, ‹π›, ‹σ›, ‹τ›, ‹φ›, ‹χ›, ‹ψ›}}, and a pronunciation with {{IPAblink|v}} elsewhere.</ref>
|align=center rowspan=2|{{lang|el|<big>υ</big>}}<ref>When following a vowel, {{lang|el|‹υ›}} represents a pronunciation with[[清唇齒擦音|{{IPA|[f]}}]] before {{lang|el|‹θ›, ‹κ›, ‹ξ›, ‹π›, ‹σ›, ‹τ›, ‹φ›, ‹χ›, ‹ψ›}}, and a pronunciation with [[濁唇齒擦音|{{IPA|[v]}}]]elsewhere.</ref>
|align=center |<big>{{IPAlink|y}}</big>
|align=center |<big>[[閉前圓唇元音|{{IPA|y}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''υ'''γιεινή}} {{IPA|[iʝiiˈni]}}
| {{lang|el|'''υ'''γιεινή}} {{IPA|[iʝiiˈni]}}
|绿 l'''ǜ'''
|-
|-
|align=center |<big>{{IPAlink|yː}}</big>
|align=center |<big>[[閉前圓唇元音|{{IPA|yː}}]]</big>
|
|
|绿 l'''ǜ'''
|-
|-
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>οι</big>}}
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>οι</big>}}
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|oj}}</big>
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|oj}}</big>
| {{lang|el|'''οι'''κονομία}} {{IPA|[ikonoˈmia]}}
| {{lang|el|'''οι'''κονομία}} {{IPA|[ikonoˈmia]}}
|
|-
|-
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>υι</big>}}
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>υι</big>}}
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|uj}}</big>
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|uj}}</big>
| {{lang|el|'''υι'''ός}} {{IPA|[iˈos]}}
| {{lang|el|'''υι'''ός}} {{IPA|[iˈos]}}
|
|-
|-
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ο</big>}}
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ο</big>}}
|align=center |<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>
|align=center |<big>[[半閉後圓唇元音|{{IPA|o}}]]</big>
|align=center rowspan=2|<big>{{IPAlink|o̞|o}}</big>
|align=center rowspan=2|<big>[[中后圆唇元音|{{IPA|o}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''ο'''ργανισμ'''ό'''ς}} {{IPA|[orɣanizˈmos]}}
| {{lang|el|'''ο'''ργανισμ'''ό'''ς}} {{IPA|[orɣanizˈmos]}}
|rowspan=2 | h'''o'''pe
|rowspan=2 | h'''o'''pe
|我 w'''ǒ'''
|-
|-
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ω</big>}}
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ω</big>}}
|align=center |<big>{{IPAlink|ɔː}}</big>
|align=center |<big>[[半開後圓唇元音|{{IPA|ɔː}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''ώ'''ρα}} {{IPA|[ˈora]}}
| {{lang|el|'''ώ'''ρα}} {{IPA|[ˈora]}}
|我 w'''ǒ'''
|-
|-
|align=center |<big>αυ</big>
|align=center |<big>αυ</big>
第276行： 第319行：
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|av, af}}</big>
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|av, af}}</big>
| {{lang|el|'''αύ'''ρα}} {{IPA|[ˈavra]}} /{{lang|el|'''αυ'''θεντικός}} {{IPA|[afθendiˈkos]}}
| {{lang|el|'''αύ'''ρα}} {{IPA|[ˈavra]}} /{{lang|el|'''αυ'''θεντικός}} {{IPA|[afθendiˈkos]}}
| {{IPA|[a]}} then {{IPAblink|v}} / {{IPAblink|f}}
| {{IPA|[a]}} 之后接&#91;[[濁唇齒擦音|{{IPA|v}}]]&#93; / &#91;[[清唇齒擦音|{{IPA|f}}]]&#93;
|
|-
|-
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ευ</big>}}
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ευ</big>}}
第282行： 第326行：
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|ev, ef}}</big>
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|ev, ef}}</big>
| {{lang|el|'''ευ'''ρώπη}} {{IPA|[evˈropi]}} / {{lang|el|'''ευ'''φορία}} {{IPA|[efoˈria]}}
| {{lang|el|'''ευ'''ρώπη}} {{IPA|[evˈropi]}} / {{lang|el|'''ευ'''φορία}} {{IPA|[efoˈria]}}
| &#91;[[中前不圆唇元音|{{IPA|e̞}}]]&#93; 之后接 &#91;[[濁唇齒擦音|{{IPA|v}}]]&#93; / &#91;[[清唇齒擦音|{{IPA|f}}]]&#93;
| {{IPAblink|e̞}} then {{IPAblink|v}} / {{IPAblink|f}}
|
|-
|-
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ηυ</big>}}
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ηυ</big>}}
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|ɛːw}}</big>
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|ɛːw}}</big>
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|iv, if}}</big>
|align=center |<big>{{IPA|iv, if}}</big>
| {{lang|el|εφ'''ηύ'''ρα}} {{IPA|[eˈfivra]}} / {{lang|el|'''ηυ'''ξημένος}} {{IPA|[ifksiˈmenos]}}
| {{lang|el|εφ'''ηύ'''ρα}} {{IPA|[eˈfivra]}} / {{lang|el|'''ηυ'''ξημένος}} {{IPA|[ifksiˈmenos]}}
| &#91;[[閉前不圓唇元音|{{IPA|i}}]]&#93; 之后接&#91;[[濁唇齒擦音|{{IPA|v}}]]&#93; / &#91;[[清唇齒擦音|{{IPA|f}}]]&#93;
| {{IPAblink|i}} then {{IPAblink|v}} / {{IPAblink|f}}
|
|-
|-
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ου</big>}}
|align=center |{{lang|el|<big>ου</big>}}
|align=center |<big>{{IPAlink|oː}}</big>
|align=center |<big>[[半閉後圓唇元音|{{IPA|oː}}]]</big>
|align=center |<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>
|align=center |<big>[[閉後圓唇元音|{{IPA|u}}]]</big>
| {{lang|el|'''ου'''τοπία}} {{IPA|[utoˈpia]}}
| {{lang|el|'''ου'''τοπία}} {{IPA|[utoˈpia]}}
| b'''oo'''t
| b'''oo'''t
|不 b'''ù'''
|}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3"| [[Stress (linguistics)|Stress]] and [[Tone (linguistics)|tone]]
! colspan="3"| [[重音]]和[[声调]]
|-
|-
! IPA !! Examples !!
! IPA !! 示例 !!
|-
|-
! colspan="3"| Ancient Greek
! colspan="3"| 古希腊语
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|á}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|á}}</big>
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
| Acute: High tone on short vowels
| Acute:短元音的高声调
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ǎː}}<big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ǎː}}</big>
| Acute: 长音和双元音的升调
| Acute: Rising tone on long vowels and diphthongs
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|a}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|a}}</big>
|
|
| Grave: low tone ({{IPA|[à]}})
| Grave: 低声调
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|âː}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|âː}}</big>
|
|
| Circumflex: Falling tone on long vowels and diphthongs
| Circumflex:长音和双元音的降调
|-
|-
! colspan="3"| Modern Greek
! colspan="3"| 现代希腊语
|-
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ˈa}}</big>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ˈa}}</big>
| {{lang|el|άλλος}}<br>{{IPA|[ˈalos]}}
| {{lang|el|άλλος}}<br>{{IPA|[ˈalos]}}
| 重音符号：其后的元音重读
| Stress mark: placed before the stressed syllable or vowel.<br>Represented in [[monotonic orthography]] by [[tonos]].<br>Occurs on one of final three syllables, including any [[enclitic]]s.
⚫
|}
|}
|}


==注释==
==注释==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
{{IPA keys}}
[[Category:Wikipedia IPA|Greek]]
[[Category:國際音標幫助]]


==外部链接==
==外部链接==
* [http://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/modern_greek/tools/lexica/triantafyllides/search.html?lq= Greek dictionary with pronunciation]
* [http://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/modern_greek/tools/lexica/triantafyllides/search.html?lq= Greek dictionary with pronunciation]
* [http://www.foundalis.com/lan/grphdetl.htm#p_sz The Details of Modern Greek Phonetics and Phonology]
* [http://www.foundalis.com/lan/grphdetl.htm#p_sz The Details of Modern Greek Phonetics and Phonology]

2022年11月23日 (三) 08:45的最新版本

下列表格显示的是在维基百科条目中用国际音标（IPA）表记的古希腊语和现代希腊语的音韵结构。目前古希腊语的发音常用希腊语罗马字转写系统表示，而希腊本土居民常用现代希腊语词句表示。

关于此语言的具体的音韵结构，参见古代希腊语音系和现代希腊语音系。

辅音
希腊字母 IPA 示例 英语近似发音 普通话近似发音
古希腊语 现代希腊语
 ῾ h ∅ ἥρως [hɛ̌ːrɔːs], [ˈiros] hero (仅古希腊语) 没有相应发音
β b v βίος [ˈvios] vet 没有相应发音
γ ɡ ɣ γάλα [ˈɣala] 没有相应发音 没有相应发音
ʝ[1] γη [ʝi] yellow 有 yŏu
δ d ð δῆμος [dɛ̂ːmos], [ðimos] then 的 dē 浊音
ζ dz[2] z ζώνη [ˈzoni] zero 斯 sī 浊音
θ tʰ θ θεολογία [θeoloˈʝia] thing 没有相应发音
κ k k καλός [kaˈlos] sky 哥 gē
c[1] κύκλος [ˈciklos] 诸如 key 开 kāi
λ l l λεξικό [leksiˈko] lie 啦 lā
ʎ[3] ελιά [e̞ˈʎa] million 没有相应发音
μ m m μηχανικός [mixaniˈkos] mine 马 mă
ν n n νέος [ˈneos] nine 你 nǐ
ɲ[3] νιότη [ˈɲoti] onion 近似于 年 nián
ξ ks ξενοφοβία [ksenofoˈvia] tax
π p πρόγραμμα [ˈproɣrama] spy 普 pǔ
ρ r r[4] ρητορική [ritoriˈci] trilled r，如同意大利语和西班牙语 没有相应发音
ῥ r̥[5] 没有相应发音
σ[6] s σύστημα [ˈsistima] sea 斯 sī
τ t τηλέφωνο [tiˈlefono] step 的 dē
φ pʰ f φαινόμενο [feˈnomeno] fly 发 fā
χ kʰ x χάος [ˈxaos] loch (苏格兰) 韩 hán
ç[1] χειρόγραφος [çiˈroɣrafos] (通常) human
ψ ps ψυχοθεραπεία [psixoθeraˈpia] tips
γγ ŋɡ, ŋɣ[7] αγγούρι [aŋˈɡuri]/συγγραφέας [siŋɣraˈfeas] finger 方 fāng
ɲɟ, ɲʝ[1][7] άγγελος [ˈaɲɟelos]/εγγενής [eɲʝeˈnis] angel 没有相应发音
γκ ɡ, ŋɡ[7] εγκώμιο [eŋˈɡomio] good, finger 方 fāng
ɟ, ɲɟ[1][7] εγκυκλοπαίδεια [eɲɟikloˈpeðia] argue, angular 没有相应发音
γχ ŋx[7] άγχος [ˈaŋxos] often ankh
ɲç[1][7] εγχείριση [eɲˈçirisi] sometimes ankhes
γξ ŋks έλεγξα [ˈeleŋksa] thanks
μπ b, mb[7] εμπάθεια [emˈbaθia] book, amble
ντ d, nd[7] εντάξει [enˈdaksi] duck, under 大 dà 浊音
τσ ts τσάι [ˈtsai] cats 擦 cā
τζ dz τζαζ [ˈdzaz] pads 资 zī 浊音
元音
希腊字母 IPA 示例 英语相似发音 普通话近似发音
古希腊语 现代希腊语
α a a αλφάβητο [alˈfavito] tar, spa 阿 ā
aː
αι aj e 介于 bet 和 bait 之间 白 bái
ε e ενέργεια [eˈnerʝia] 黑 hēi
ει eː i[8][9] ενέργεια [eˈnerʝia] seem 黑 hēi
η ɛː ηθική [iθiˈci] 元 yuán
ι i ιστορία [istoˈria] 提 tí
iː 提 tí
υ[10] y υγιεινή [iʝiiˈni] 绿 lǜ
yː 绿 lǜ
οι oj οικονομία [ikonoˈmia]
υι uj υιός [iˈos]
ο o o οργανισμός [orɣanizˈmos] hope 我 wǒ
ω ɔː ώρα [ˈora] 我 wǒ
αυ aw av, af αύρα [ˈavra] /αυθεντικός [afθendiˈkos] [a] 之后接[v] / [f]
ευ ew ev, ef ευρώπη [evˈropi] / ευφορία [efoˈria] [e̞] 之后接 [v] / [f]
ηυ ɛːw iv, if εφηύρα [eˈfivra] / ηυξημένος [ifksiˈmenos] [i] 之后接[v] / [f]
ου oː u ουτοπία [utoˈpia] boot 不 bù
重音和声调
IPA 示例
古希腊语
á Acute:短元音的高声调
ǎː Acute: 长音和双元音的升调
a Grave: 低声调
âː Circumflex:长音和双元音的降调
现代希腊语
ˈa άλλος
[ˈalos] 		重音符号：其后的元音重读

注释

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 ‹γ›, ‹κ›, ‹χ›, ‹γγ›, ‹γκ›, ‹γχ› represent palatal [ʝ c ç ɲɟ ɲç] only before the front vowels [i] and [e]. The velar and palatal series are sometimes analyzed asallophones of a single dorsal series.
  2. ^ Also may have been /zd/.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 [ʎ] and [ɲ] are usually analysed as clusters of/li/and /ni/ respectively, and are also spelled accordingly in Greek orthography. Palatalized pronunciation presupposes the presence of yet another vowel after the palatalized consonant and its following /i/. If there is no subsequent second vowel, palatalization does not occur.
  4. ^ May be a tap [ɾ] intervocalically.
  5. ^ May have been /rʰ/.
  6. ^ ‹σ› represents [z] before [b v m r ɣ] eg:Σμήνος[ˈzminos]
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 γκ, μπ, ντ usually represent [ŋɡ~ɲɟ mb nd] when found in the middle of a Greek word, [ɡ~ɟ b d] when found in any foreign word or in the beginning of the a Greek one. eg: αμπέλι [amˈbeli], μπαμπάς [baˈbas]
  8. ^ The large number of mergers into Modern Greek /i/ is calledIotacism.
  9. ^ Letters normally representing /i/ can also indicate a palatal pronunciation of dorsal consonants when appearing before other vowels: i.e instead of velar [ɣ k x ɡ], palatal [ʝ c ç ɟ] occur (eg: γιαγιά [ʝaˈʝa], κιόλας [ˈcolas], χιόνι [ˈçoni], μαγκιά [maˈɟa]. A similar process has a palatal fricative follow other consonants; [ʝ] follows voiced consonants [v b d ð z r] (eg:χέρια[ˈcerʝa], βαριέμαι [varˈʝeme]) and [ç] follows voiceless consonants [f p θ t s t͡s] (eg:καρφιά [karfˈça], ποιος [pços], ρεβύθια [reˈviθça]). Similarly [ɲ] follows [m] under similar situations (eg: μια [mɲa], καλαμιά [kalaˈmɲa]
  10. ^ When following a vowel, ‹υ› represents a pronunciation with[f] before ‹θ›, ‹κ›, ‹ξ›, ‹π›, ‹σ›, ‹τ›, ‹φ›, ‹χ›, ‹ψ›, and a pronunciation with [v]elsewhere.
比較
入門指南

外部链接

[编辑]
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:希臘語國際音標&oldid=74739675”