苦盏:修订间差异
外观
删除的内容 添加的内容
小 +命名模板 time |
Allenkong11(留言 | 贡献) 小无编辑摘要 |
||
(未显示11个用户的18个中间版本) | |||
第1行: | 第1行: | ||
{{ |
{{NoteTA|G1=地名}} |
||
{{Infobox settlement |
|||
[[File:Khujandsquare.jpg|right|240px]] |
|||
|official_name = 苦盏 |
|||
'''苦盏'''({{lang-tg|Хуҷанд}}或{{lang|tg|خجند}},{{lang-ru|Худжанд}}),1939年-1992年称'''列宁纳巴德''',[[塔吉克斯坦]]第二大城,[[索格特州]]首府,[[中亚]]著名古城。苦盏位于[[费尔干纳谷地]]谷口,临[[锡尔河]],战略地位重要,人口14万9千人(2000年统计)。 |
|||
|native_name = {{native name|ru|Худжанд}}<br />{{native name|tg|Хуҷанд}} |
|||
|image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center |
|||
|photo1a =View to Khujand.JPG |
|||
|photo2a =Мечеть и голуби 1.JPG |
|||
|photo2b =Площадь, г. Худжанд 04.jpg |
|||
|photo3a =Маҳаллаву манзилҳои қадимаи Хуҷанд 03.jpg |
|||
|photo3b =Мақбараи Камоли Хуҷандӣ.jpg |
|||
|photo3c =Маҷмааи таърихӣ- фарҳангии Истиклол.jpg |
|||
|photo4a =Алея славы в Хучанде.JPG |
|||
|photo4b =Nowruz and a happy child.jpg |
|||
|size = 270 |
|||
|spacing = 1 |
|||
|color = #FFFFFF |
|||
|border = 1 |
|||
}} |
|||
|imagesize = |
|||
|image_caption = |
|||
|image_flag = Flag of Khujand.svg |
|||
|image_seal = |
|||
|image_map = |
|||
|map_caption = |
|||
|pushpin_map = Tajikistan |
|||
|pushpin_label_position = left |
|||
|pushpin_mapsize = 280 |
|||
|pushpin_relief = |
|||
|pushpin_map_caption = 苦盏在塔吉克斯坦的位置 |
|||
|subdivision_type = [[國家]] |
|||
|subdivision_type1 = [[塔吉克斯坦行政區劃|州]] |
|||
|subdivision_name = {{TJK}} |
|||
|subdivision_name1 = [[索格特州]] |
|||
|subdivision_type2 = |
|||
|subdivision_name2 = |
|||
|established_title = |
|||
|established_date = |
|||
|government_type = |
|||
|leader_title = |
|||
|leader_name = |
|||
|area_magnitude = |
|||
|area_total_sq_mi = |
|||
|area_total_km2 = 40 |
|||
|area_land_sq_mi = |
|||
|area_land_km2 = |
|||
|area_urban_sq_mi = |
|||
|area_urban_km2 = |
|||
|area_metro_km2 = 2 651.7 |
|||
|area_metro_sq_mi = 1 023.8 |
|||
|population_as_of = 2019 |
|||
|population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population size, Republic of Tajikistan on January 1, 2019 |url=http://stat.ww.tj/publications/July2019/macmuai_sumorai_aholi_to_1_anvari_soli_2019.pdf |publisher=Tajikistan Statistics Agency |access-date=28 March 2020 |page=17 |language=tg |date=2019 |archive-date=2015-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702021130/http://www.stat.tj/ru/img/65a709121baf8a64bf15d33f398aafde_1435736807.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref> |
|||
|population_total = 181,600 |
|||
|population_urban = |
|||
|population_metro = |
|||
|population_density_sq_mi = |
|||
|population_density_km2 = |
|||
|timezone = |
|||
|utc_offset = +5 |
|||
|timezone_DST = |
|||
|utc_offset_DST = |
|||
|coordinates = {{coord|40|17|N|69|38|E|region:TJ|display=it}} |
|||
|elevation_footnotes = |
|||
|elevation_m = 300 |
|||
|elevation_ft = |
|||
|postal_code_type = |
|||
|postal_code = 735700 |
|||
|area_code = 00 992 3422 |
|||
|website = {{url|http://www.khujand.tj/}} |
|||
|footnotes = |
|||
}} |
|||
'''苦盏'''{{Notetag|又音译'''胡占德'''}}({{lang-tg|Хуҷанд|Khujand}};{{lang-fa|خجند|Khojand}};{{lang-ru|Худжанд|Khudzhand}}),1939年-1992年称'''列宁纳巴德'''({{lang-ru|Ленинабад|Leninabad}};{{lang-tg|Ленинобод|Leninobod}}),是[[塔吉克]]第二大城,[[索格特州]]首府。苦盏位于[[费尔干纳谷地]]谷口,临[[锡尔河]],战略地位重要,人口14万9千人(2000年统计)。 |
|||
[[波斯帝国]]崛起后,该城成为了其北部边境的一部分,也是[[丝绸之路]]的重镇。8世纪时,苦盏被[[阿拉伯帝国]]占领,12世纪时又遭受了[[蒙古帝国]]的征服。1866年,[[俄罗斯]]占领了苦盏。1924年至1929年间,苦盏被划入[[乌兹别克斯坦]],1939年10月27日,苦盏被更名为'''列宁纳巴德''',以纪念[[列宁]]。1991年[[苏联]]解体后随同塔吉克斯坦独立,次年恢复旧名。 |
|||
[[波斯帝国]]崛起后,该城成为了其北部边境的一部分,也是[[丝绸之路]]的重镇。8世纪时,苦盏被[[阿拉伯帝国]]占领,12世纪时又遭受了[[蒙古帝国]]的征服。1866年,[[俄罗斯]]占领了苦盏。1924年至1929年间,苦盏被划入[[乌兹别克]],1939年10月27日,苦盏被更名为'''列宁纳巴德''',以纪念[[列宁]]。1991年[[苏联]]解体后随同塔吉克斯坦独立,次年恢复旧名。<ref>{{cite journal |author1=于淼 |title=塔吉克斯坦的“去俄罗斯化” |journal=《宜春学院学报》 |date=2012年 |volume=34 |issue=11 |page=25 |doi=10.3969/j.issn.1671-380X.2012.11.006 |url=https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/ycxyxb201211006 |accessdate=2013-04-08 |issn=1671-380X}}</ref> |
|||
==人口== |
|||
2019年统计,城市人口181,600,苦盏地区人口931,900。据2010年人口普查,塔吉克人84%,乌兹别克人14%,俄罗斯人0.4%,其他1.6%。 |
|||
==古名== |
==古名== |
||
*传说苦盏建立者是[[亚历山大大帝]],该城在[[希腊]]史籍中称“'''Alexandria Eschate'''”,意为“[[絕域亞歷山大里亞城|最遥远的亚历山大里亚]]”,但還没有任何[[考古学]]的证据可以证明这一点。 |
*传说苦盏建立者是[[亚历山大大帝]],该城在[[希腊]]史籍中称“'''Alexandria Eschate'''”,意为“[[絕域亞歷山大里亞城|最遥远的亚历山大里亚]]”,但還没有任何[[考古学]]的证据可以证明这一点。 |
||
*有一說法苦盏在[[大宛]]時代此處就是貴山城,也就是[[汉攻大宛之战]]的發生地,此為根據史料與戰爭情景描述的推測。<ref>《史記·卷一百二十三·大宛列傳第六十三》大宛國,王治貴山城,去長安萬二千五百五十里。戶六萬,口三十萬,勝兵六萬人。副王、輔國王各一人。東至都護治所四千三十一里,北至康居卑闐城千五百一十里,西南至大月氏六百九十里。北與康居、南與大月氏接,土地風氣物類民俗與大月氏、安息同。大宛左右以蒲陶為酒,富人藏酒至萬餘石,久者至數十歲不敗。俗耆酒,馬耆目宿。《漢書·卷九十六上·西域傳第六十六上》</ref> |
*有一說法苦盏在[[大宛]]時代此處就是貴山城,也就是[[汉攻大宛之战]]的發生地,此為根據史料與戰爭情景描述的推測。<ref>《史記·卷一百二十三·大宛列傳第六十三》大宛國,王治貴山城,去長安萬二千五百五十里。戶六萬,口三十萬,勝兵六萬人。副王、輔國王各一人。東至都護治所四千三十一里,北至康居卑闐城千五百一十里,西南至大月氏六百九十里。北與康居、南與大月氏接,土地風氣物類民俗與大月氏、安息同。大宛左右以蒲陶為酒,富人藏酒至萬餘石,久者至數十歲不敗。俗耆酒,馬耆目宿。《漢書·卷九十六上·西域傳第六十六上》</ref> |
||
==氣候== |
|||
苦盞在氣候分類上屬[[溫帶沙漠]]氣候([[柯本气候分类法]]: ''BWk'') ,其具有漫長、酷熱的夏季及短暫、涼快的冬季。苦盞的降水量極小,且其大多落於秋季及冬季。 |
|||
{{Weather box |
|||
|location = 苦盞 (1961年到1990年, 極端氣候資料從1936年紀錄至今) |
|||
|metric first = Y |
|||
|single line = Y |
|||
|Jan record high C = 15.7 |
|||
|Feb record high C = 22.1 |
|||
|Mar record high C = 28.8 |
|||
|Apr record high C = 36.5 |
|||
|May record high C = 39.9 |
|||
|Jun record high C = 43.5 |
|||
|Jul record high C = 45.9 |
|||
|Aug record high C = 43.8 |
|||
|Sep record high C = 38.4 |
|||
|Oct record high C = 33.8 |
|||
|Nov record high C = 25.0 |
|||
|Dec record high C = 21.1 |
|||
|year record high C = 45.9 |
|||
|Jan high C = 3.5 |
|||
|Feb high C = 6.2 |
|||
|Mar high C = 13.8 |
|||
|Apr high C = 21.9 |
|||
|May high C = 28.6 |
|||
|Jun high C = 34.2 |
|||
|Jul high C = 35.5 |
|||
|Aug high C = 32.4 |
|||
|Sep high C = 28.8 |
|||
|Oct high C = 20.6 |
|||
|Nov high C = 12.3 |
|||
|Dec high C = 5.6 |
|||
|year high C = |
|||
|Jan mean C = -0.3 |
|||
|Feb mean C = 1.7 |
|||
|Mar mean C = 8.5 |
|||
|Apr mean C = 16.2 |
|||
|May mean C = 21.8 |
|||
|Jun mean C = 26.9 |
|||
|Jul mean C = 28.3 |
|||
|Aug mean C = 26.1 |
|||
|Sep mean C = 20.8 |
|||
|Oct mean C = 13.9 |
|||
|Nov mean C = 7.3 |
|||
|Dec mean C = 2.0 |
|||
|year mean C = 14.4 |
|||
|Jan low C = -3.4 |
|||
|Feb low C = -1.8 |
|||
|Mar low C = 4.2 |
|||
|Apr low C = 10.7 |
|||
|May low C = 15.5 |
|||
|Jun low C = 19.6 |
|||
|Jul low C = 21.2 |
|||
|Aug low C = 18.8 |
|||
|Sep low C = 13.6 |
|||
|Oct low C = 8.1 |
|||
|Nov low C = 3.4 |
|||
|Dec low C = -0.5 |
|||
|year low C = |
|||
|Jan record low C = -22.8 |
|||
|Feb record low C = -22.2 |
|||
|Mar record low C = -13.6 |
|||
|Apr record low C = -3.9 |
|||
|May record low C = 0.8 |
|||
|Jun record low C = 8.7 |
|||
|Jul record low C = 10.5 |
|||
|Aug record low C = 7.0 |
|||
|Sep record low C = 1.4 |
|||
|Oct record low C = -6.8 |
|||
|Nov record low C = -18.8 |
|||
|Dec record low C = -20.0 |
|||
|year record low C = -22.8 |
|||
|precipitation colour = green |
|||
|Jan precipitation mm = 15.7 |
|||
|Feb precipitation mm = 15.7 |
|||
|Mar precipitation mm = 26.1 |
|||
|Apr precipitation mm = 31.4 |
|||
|May precipitation mm = 17.2 |
|||
|Jun precipitation mm = 4.6 |
|||
|Jul precipitation mm = 2.3 |
|||
|Aug precipitation mm = 1.7 |
|||
|Sep precipitation mm = 2.7 |
|||
|Oct precipitation mm = 16.9 |
|||
|Nov precipitation mm = 13.7 |
|||
|Dec precipitation mm = 16.8 |
|||
|year precipitation mm = 164.8 |
|||
|Jan precipitation days = 11.4 |
|||
|Feb precipitation days = 11.0 |
|||
|Mar precipitation days = 12.7 |
|||
|Apr precipitation days = 12.6 |
|||
|May precipitation days = 12.0 |
|||
|Jun precipitation days = 6.3 |
|||
|Jul precipitation days = 4.1 |
|||
|Aug precipitation days = 2.6 |
|||
|Sep precipitation days = 3.2 |
|||
|Oct precipitation days = 6.8 |
|||
|Nov precipitation days = 7.4 |
|||
|Dec precipitation days = 10.4 |
|||
|year precipitation days = |
|||
|Jan humidity = 77.8 |
|||
|Feb humidity = 75.4 |
|||
|Mar humidity = 64.0 |
|||
|Apr humidity = 56.3 |
|||
|May humidity = 48.7 |
|||
|Jun humidity = 34.8 |
|||
|Jul humidity = 33.8 |
|||
|Aug humidity = 38.4 |
|||
|Sep humidity = 43.3 |
|||
|Oct humidity = 55.4 |
|||
|Nov humidity = 75.2 |
|||
|Dec humidity = 76.4 |
|||
|Jan sun = 126 |
|||
|Feb sun = 131 |
|||
|Mar sun = 168 |
|||
|Apr sun = 211 |
|||
|May sun = 297 |
|||
|Jun sun = 358 |
|||
|Jul sun = 382 |
|||
|Aug sun = 363 |
|||
|Sep sun = 300 |
|||
|Oct sun = 225 |
|||
|Nov sun = 160 |
|||
|Dec sun = 106 |
|||
|year sun = 2827 |
|||
|source 1 = [[世界气象组织]] (從1961年到1990年的平均高溫和低溫/降水量/降水天數)<ref name= WMO >{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=910 |
|||
| title = World Weather Information Service – Khujand |
|||
| access-date = 18 December 2019 |
|||
| publisher = 世界气象组织 |
|||
| archive-date = 2022-01-20 |
|||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220120071636/http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=910 |
|||
| dead-url = no |
|||
}}</ref> [[美国国家海洋和大气管理局]] (1961年到1990年的平均氣溫和日照時數)<ref name = NOAA>{{cite web |
|||
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/RA/38599.TXT |
|||
| title = Leninbad (Khujand) Climate Normals 1961–1990 |
|||
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
|||
| access-date = 18 December 2019 |
|||
| archive-date = 2023-01-25 |
|||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230125191907/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/RA/38599.TXT |
|||
| dead-url = no |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
|source 2 = climatebase.ru (humidity),<ref name="climatebase">{{cite web|title=Leninabad, Tajikistan|url=http://climatebase.ru/station/38599/?lang=en|publisher=Climatebase.ru|access-date=30 January 2013|archive-date=2017-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014034332/http://climatebase.ru/station/38599/?lang=en|dead-url=no}}</ref> Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimat>{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1171 |
|||
| title = Station Khudjand |
|||
| publisher = Meteo Climat |
|||
| language = fr |
|||
| access-date = 18 December 2019 |
|||
| archive-date = 2022-01-20 |
|||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220120231916/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1171 |
|||
| dead-url = no |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
==姊妹城市== |
|||
*{{flagicon|KAZ}}[[哈薩克]][[奇姆肯特]] |
|||
*{{flagicon|UZB}}[[烏茲別克]][[布哈拉]] |
|||
*{{flagicon|UZB}}[[烏茲別克]][[撒馬爾罕]] |
|||
*{{flagicon|IRN}}[[伊朗]][[內沙布爾]] |
|||
*{{flagicon|IRN}}[[伊朗]][[大不里士]] |
|||
== 注释 == |
|||
{{Notefoot}} |
|||
==参考文献== |
==参考文献== |
||
第14行: | 第247行: | ||
{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
||
[[Category:苦盏| ]] |
|||
{{Tajikistan-stub}} |
|||
[[Category:塔吉克城市|K]] |
[[Category:塔吉克城市|K]] |
2024年6月12日 (三) 07:58的最新版本
苦盏 Худжанд(俄語) Хуҷанд(塔吉克語) | |
---|---|
坐标:40°17′N 69°38′E / 40.283°N 69.633°E | |
國家 | 塔吉克斯坦 |
州 | 索格特州 |
面积 | |
• 城市 | 40 平方公里(20 平方英里) |
• 都會區 | 2 651.7 平方公里(1 023.8 平方英里) |
海拔 | 300 公尺(1,000 英尺) |
人口(2019)[1] | |
• 城市 | 181,600人 |
邮政编码 | 735700 |
電話區號 | 00 992 3422 |
網站 | www |
苦盏[註 1](塔吉克語:Хуҷанд,羅馬化:Khujand;波斯語:خجند,羅馬化:Khojand;俄語:Худжанд,羅馬化:Khudzhand),1939年-1992年称列宁纳巴德(俄語:Ленинабад,羅馬化:Leninabad;塔吉克語:Ленинобод,羅馬化:Leninobod),是塔吉克第二大城,索格特州首府。苦盏位于费尔干纳谷地谷口,临锡尔河,战略地位重要,人口14万9千人(2000年统计)。
波斯帝国崛起后,该城成为了其北部边境的一部分,也是丝绸之路的重镇。8世纪时,苦盏被阿拉伯帝国占领,12世纪时又遭受了蒙古帝国的征服。1866年,俄罗斯占领了苦盏。1924年至1929年间,苦盏被划入乌兹别克,1939年10月27日,苦盏被更名为列宁纳巴德,以纪念列宁。1991年苏联解体后随同塔吉克斯坦独立,次年恢复旧名。[2]
人口
[编辑]2019年统计,城市人口181,600,苦盏地区人口931,900。据2010年人口普查,塔吉克人84%,乌兹别克人14%,俄罗斯人0.4%,其他1.6%。
古名
[编辑]- 传说苦盏建立者是亚历山大大帝,该城在希腊史籍中称“Alexandria Eschate”,意为“最遥远的亚历山大里亚”,但還没有任何考古学的证据可以证明这一点。
- 有一說法苦盏在大宛時代此處就是貴山城,也就是汉攻大宛之战的發生地,此為根據史料與戰爭情景描述的推測。[3]
氣候
[编辑]苦盞在氣候分類上屬溫帶沙漠氣候(柯本气候分类法: BWk) ,其具有漫長、酷熱的夏季及短暫、涼快的冬季。苦盞的降水量極小,且其大多落於秋季及冬季。
苦盞 (1961年到1990年, 極端氣候資料從1936年紀錄至今) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
月份 | 1月 | 2月 | 3月 | 4月 | 5月 | 6月 | 7月 | 8月 | 9月 | 10月 | 11月 | 12月 | 全年 |
历史最高温 °C(°F) | 15.7 (60.3) |
22.1 (71.8) |
28.8 (83.8) |
36.5 (97.7) |
39.9 (103.8) |
43.5 (110.3) |
45.9 (114.6) |
43.8 (110.8) |
38.4 (101.1) |
33.8 (92.8) |
25.0 (77.0) |
21.1 (70.0) |
45.9 (114.6) |
平均高温 °C(°F) | 3.5 (38.3) |
6.2 (43.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
28.6 (83.5) |
34.2 (93.6) |
35.5 (95.9) |
32.4 (90.3) |
28.8 (83.8) |
20.6 (69.1) |
12.3 (54.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
20.3 (68.5) |
日均气温 °C(°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
1.7 (35.1) |
8.5 (47.3) |
16.2 (61.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
26.9 (80.4) |
28.3 (82.9) |
26.1 (79.0) |
20.8 (69.4) |
13.9 (57.0) |
7.3 (45.1) |
2.0 (35.6) |
14.4 (57.9) |
平均低温 °C(°F) | −3.4 (25.9) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
4.2 (39.6) |
10.7 (51.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
21.2 (70.2) |
18.8 (65.8) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.1 (46.6) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
9.1 (48.4) |
历史最低温 °C(°F) | −22.8 (−9.0) |
−22.2 (−8.0) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
0.8 (33.4) |
8.7 (47.7) |
10.5 (50.9) |
7.0 (44.6) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−18.8 (−1.8) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−22.8 (−9.0) |
平均降水量 mm(英寸) | 15.7 (0.62) |
15.7 (0.62) |
26.1 (1.03) |
31.4 (1.24) |
17.2 (0.68) |
4.6 (0.18) |
2.3 (0.09) |
1.7 (0.07) |
2.7 (0.11) |
16.9 (0.67) |
13.7 (0.54) |
16.8 (0.66) |
164.8 (6.49) |
平均降水天数 | 11.4 | 11.0 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.0 | 6.3 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 10.4 | 100.5 |
平均相對濕度(%) | 77.8 | 75.4 | 64.0 | 56.3 | 48.7 | 34.8 | 33.8 | 38.4 | 43.3 | 55.4 | 75.2 | 76.4 | 56.6 |
月均日照時數 | 126 | 131 | 168 | 211 | 297 | 358 | 382 | 363 | 300 | 225 | 160 | 106 | 2,827 |
数据来源1:世界气象组织 (從1961年到1990年的平均高溫和低溫/降水量/降水天數)[4] 美国国家海洋和大气管理局 (1961年到1990年的平均氣溫和日照時數)[5] | |||||||||||||
数据来源2:climatebase.ru (humidity),[6] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[7] |
姊妹城市
[编辑]注释
[编辑]- ^ 又音译胡占德
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Population size, Republic of Tajikistan on January 1, 2019 (PDF). Tajikistan Statistics Agency: 17. 2019 [28 March 2020]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-07-02) (塔吉克语).
- ^ 于淼. 塔吉克斯坦的“去俄罗斯化”. 《宜春学院学报》. 2012年, 34 (11): 25 [2013-04-08]. ISSN 1671-380X. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-380X.2012.11.006.
- ^ 《史記·卷一百二十三·大宛列傳第六十三》大宛國,王治貴山城,去長安萬二千五百五十里。戶六萬,口三十萬,勝兵六萬人。副王、輔國王各一人。東至都護治所四千三十一里,北至康居卑闐城千五百一十里,西南至大月氏六百九十里。北與康居、南與大月氏接,土地風氣物類民俗與大月氏、安息同。大宛左右以蒲陶為酒,富人藏酒至萬餘石,久者至數十歲不敗。俗耆酒,馬耆目宿。《漢書·卷九十六上·西域傳第六十六上》
- ^ World Weather Information Service – Khujand. 世界气象组织. [18 December 2019]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-20).
- ^ Leninbad (Khujand) Climate Normals 1961–1990. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [18 December 2019]. (原始内容存档于2023-01-25).
- ^ Leninabad, Tajikistan. Climatebase.ru. [30 January 2013]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-14).
- ^ Station Khudjand. Meteo Climat. [18 December 2019]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-20) (法语).
|