Abstract
Background
The three divergent HIV-1 groups M, N and O were very probably introduced into the human population by independent cross-species transmissions of SIVcpz from the chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes in central Africa.Objective
To characterize HIV-1 group N strains and to elucidate the group's epidemiology and relationship to HIV-1 strains O and M, and SIVcpz.Methods
DNA amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed to characterize viruses from three group N-infected individuals (YBF106, YBF115 and YBF116) together with YBF30 and YBF105 previously described.Results
Full-length genome sequence was determined for virus YBF106; gag, pol and env sequences were obtained for YBF116; pol (integrase) and env (gp41) fragments were obtained for YBF115. The gag, pol, 5'-vif and nef sequences were phylogenetically more closely related to HIV-1 M while 3'-vif, vpr, tat, vpu and env clustered with SIVcpz from P. t. troglodytes. Sequence analysis revealed no mutations potentially responsible for drug resistance.Conclusions
The finding that all group N viruses displayed the same recombinant structure and were monophyletic indicates that a single transfer event of SIVcpz to humans can account for the origin of this group. Despite the pathogenic outcome of the known group N infections, the extremely low prevalence of this divergent HIV-1 suggests that this group is not an emerging threat to human health at the present time. However, continuous monitoring of HIV-1 diversity will be important to survey the potential of unusual HIV infections, such as group N, to contribute to the HIV/AIDS pandemic.Full text links
Read article at publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000125990.86904.28
Read article for free, from open access legal sources, via Unpaywall:
https://pdfs.journals.lww.com/aidsonline/2004/07020/Phylogenetic_characteristics_of_three_new_HIV_1_N.3.pdf?token=method|ExpireAbsolute;source|Journals;ttl|1544143806869;payload|mY8D3u1TCCsNvP5E421JYK6N6XICDamxByyYpaNzk7FKjTaa1Yz22MivkHZqjGP4kdS2v0J76WGAnHACH69s21Csk0OpQi3YbjEMdSoz2UhVybFqQxA7lKwSUlA502zQZr96TQRwhVlocEp/sJ586aVbcBFlltKNKo+tbuMfL73hiPqJliudqs17cHeLcLbV/CqjlP3IO0jGHlHQtJWcICDdAyGJMnpi6RlbEJaRheGeh5z5uvqz3FLHgPKVXJzdN2ziiHhY6wPF9tfA80junriNvFMvA/McC/QF0clgrE0=;hash|ULKf+80g6LiHU2FdkqCXXQ==
References
Articles referenced by this article (20)
Phylogenetic analysis of 49 newly derived HIV-1 group O strains: high viral diversity but no group M-like subtype structure.
Virology, (2):259-273 2002
MED: 12441070
Identification of a new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 distinct from group M and group O.
Nat Med, (9):1032-1037 1998
MED: 9734396
HIV-1 group N among HIV-1-seropositive individuals in Cameroon.
AIDS, (16):2623-2625 2000
MED: 11101082
AIDS as a zoonosis: scientific and public health implications.
Science, (5453):607-614 2000
MED: 10649986
Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes.
Nature, (6718):436-441 1999
MED: 9989410
Title not supplied
Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 2001
Synthetic peptide ELISAs for detection of and discrimination between group M and group O HIV type 1 infection.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, (12):987-993 1997
MED: 9264285
Synthetic peptide strategy for the detection of and discrimination among highly divergent primate lentiviruses.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, (10):937-952 2001
MED: 11461679
Design and evaluation of new, highly sensitive and specific primers for polymerase chain reaction detection of HIV-1 infected primary lymphocytes.
Mol Cell Probes, (4):317-322 1994
MED: 7870073
Show 10 more references (10 of 20)
Citations & impact
Impact metrics
Citations of article over time
Article citations
A pilot investigation of the association between HIV-1 Vpr amino acid sequence diversity and the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway as a potential mechanism for neurocognitive impairment.
Virol J, 21(1):47, 23 Feb 2024
Cited by: 0 articles | PMID: 38395987 | PMCID: PMC10893664
HIV-1 Non-Group M Strains and ART.
Viruses, 15(3):780, 17 Mar 2023
Cited by: 0 articles | PMID: 36992488 | PMCID: PMC10058373
Review Free full text in Europe PMC
Walk on the wild side: SIV infection in African non-human primate hosts-from the field to the laboratory.
Front Immunol, 13:1060985, 12 Jan 2023
Cited by: 2 articles | PMID: 36713371 | PMCID: PMC9878298
Review Free full text in Europe PMC
Identification of a new circulating recombinant form of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, CRF124_cpx involving subtypes A, G, H, and CRF27_cpx in Angola.
Front Microbiol, 13:992640, 17 Oct 2022
Cited by: 0 articles | PMID: 36325024 | PMCID: PMC9619209
Computational Design of gRNAs Targeting Genetic Variants Across HIV-1 Subtypes for CRISPR-Mediated Antiviral Therapy.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 11:593077, 09 Mar 2021
Cited by: 6 articles | PMID: 33768011 | PMCID: PMC7985454
Go to all (37) article citations
Data
Similar Articles
To arrive at the top five similar articles we use a word-weighted algorithm to compare words from the Title and Abstract of each citation.
env sequences of simian immunodeficiency viruses from chimpanzees in Cameroon are strongly related to those of human immunodeficiency virus group N from the same geographic area.
J Virol, 74(1):529-534, 01 Jan 2000
Cited by: 93 articles | PMID: 10590144 | PMCID: PMC111566
Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes.
Nature, 397(6718):436-441, 01 Feb 1999
Cited by: 759 articles | PMID: 9989410
Amplification of a complete simian immunodeficiency virus genome from fecal RNA of a wild chimpanzee.
J Virol, 77(3):2233-2242, 01 Feb 2003
Cited by: 37 articles | PMID: 12525658 | PMCID: PMC140993
HIV-1 Group O Origin, Evolution, Pathogenesis, and Treatment: Unraveling the Complexity of an Outlier 25 Years Later.
AIDS Rev, 17(3):147-158, 01 Jul 2015
Cited by: 12 articles | PMID: 26450803
Review
Non-M variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Clin Microbiol Rev, 26(3):448-461, 01 Jul 2013
Cited by: 40 articles | PMID: 23824367 | PMCID: PMC3719493
Review Free full text in Europe PMC