Sampah merupakan sumber masalah dalam kehidupan kita sehari-hari baik di daerah perkotaan maupun ... more Sampah merupakan sumber masalah dalam kehidupan kita sehari-hari baik di daerah perkotaan maupun pinggiran perkotaan. Keterbatasan pembuangan sampah menimbulkan bencana sendiri apabila tidak bisa dilakukan pengelolaan yang baik atau didaur ulang untuk kebutuhan kehidupan lainnya. Proses daur ulang bisa menjadi peluang bisnis masyarakat sekitar maupun Industri skala UMKM. Salah satu bagian sampah yang bisa didaur ulang adalah plastik. Plastik merupakan material yang sulit diuraikan didalam tanah. Di beberapa kota besa Di beberapa kota besar, permasalahan pemilahan plastik dilakukan oleh Bank Sampah yang dibentuk sesuai tingkat kesadaran masyarakatnya seperti Bank Sampah Bhakti Pertiwi di bawah naungan Bumdes Tamansera Tambaksawah di Kota Sidoarjo.. Permasalahan ini akan menimbulkan bencana bagi umat manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini ini untuk memproses limbah plastik menjadi produk paving yang ramah lingkungan dengan mutu yang bisa menerima beban ringan seperti sebagai jalan setapak. Me...
The growth of laundry services is directly proportional to the use of detergent. Detergent is a c... more The growth of laundry services is directly proportional to the use of detergent. Detergent is a cleaning product that contains high levels of COD and phosphate. One method that can be used to overcome this problem is Multi Soil Layering (MSL). This research focussed on the flow rate's effect on decreasing pH, COD, and phosphate levels in industrial laundry waste. MSL was installed using a mixture of andosol soil and activated charcoal from coconut shells. Laundry wastewater was let into MSL with flowrate: 10, 50, and 100 ml/minute. The waste degradation system is placed anaerobically by optimising the anaerobic process in the andosol soil. The pH, COD, and phosphate levels were achieved at 7, 90.9%, and 80.7% by draining the laundry industry waste into the MSL system. This MSL method has a residence time of 266 minutes for a flowrate of 100 mL/minute, 532 minutes for a flowrate of 50 mL/minute and 2660 for a flowrate of 10 mL/minute. Keywords: MSL; Phosphate; COD; Laundry In...
Limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari pabrik kelapa sawit dapat mencemari lingkungan karena minyak yan... more Limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari pabrik kelapa sawit dapat mencemari lingkungan karena minyak yang dihasilkannya, sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan perlu dilakukan pengolahan limbah tersebut. Pengolahan air limbah menggunakan koagulan akan sangat mempengaruhi kualitas air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah air limbah agar dapat dibuang ke lingkungan tanpa membuat lingkungan tercemar. Selain itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan dan mengetahui jenis koagulan apa yang baik untuk penanganan air limbah, sedangkan koagulan yang digunakan adalah Tawas, PAC, Alum Polimer dan Polimer PAC. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur total padatan tersuspensi (TSS) adalah metode gravimetri sehingga diperoleh hasil total padatan tersuspensi tertinggi menggunakan koagulan PAC yaitu 970 mg/L dengan nilai efisiensi rata-rata sebesar 98,58%.
Limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari pabrik kelapa sawit dapat mencemari lingkungan karena minyak yan... more Limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari pabrik kelapa sawit dapat mencemari lingkungan karena minyak yang dihasilkannya, sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan perlu dilakukan pengolahan limbah tersebut. Pengolahan air limbah menggunakan koagulan akan sangat mempengaruhi kualitas air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah air limbah agar dapat dibuang ke lingkungan tanpa membuat lingkungan tercemar. Selain itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan dan mengetahui jenis koagulan apa yang baik untuk penanganan air limbah, sedangkan koagulan yang digunakan adalah Tawas, PAC, Alum Polimer dan Polimer PAC. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur total padatan tersuspensi (TSS) adalah metode gravimetri sehingga diperoleh hasil total padatan tersuspensi tertinggi menggunakan koagulan PAC yaitu 970 mg/L dengan nilai efisiensi rata-rata sebesar 98,58%.
Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health, 2021
Background: The gold mine located at Tambang Sawah Village, Lebong Regency, has been in existence... more Background: The gold mine located at Tambang Sawah Village, Lebong Regency, has been in existence since the Dutch colonial era. The mine is currently managed independently by the local populace using the amalgamation method, which causes environmental pollution and health problems to the miners and surrounding communities. Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of mercury exposure on miners.Settings and Design: The purposive sampling method was used to obtain information and research data needed on illegal gold miners. Methods and Material: Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. Statistical analysis used: The interview results were analyzed and further examined using a descriptive statistical test. Results: The result showed that the amalgamation activity is carried out from 7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m.4:00 p.m., thereby culminating in 9 hours per day. Furthermore, the highest, lowest, and average mercury level obtained from a miner's hair sample was 8.72 mg/kg, 1.42 mg/kg, and 3.06 mg/kg. Conclusions: The high levels of mercury in the hair samples of miners were influenced by the length of exposure affected by the working periods and work difficulty level.
The rise of mining activities without permission (PETI) which was a people’s mining from Dutch co... more The rise of mining activities without permission (PETI) which was a people’s mining from Dutch colonial legacy, located in the Tambang Sawah Village, Pinang Belapis District, Lebong Regency has caused environmental problems especially mercury pollution in that village river water. The sampling method refer to Japan Public Health Association (JPHA), then sample analyzed in the national standard laboratory and the results were compared with the Government Regulation of Republic Indonesia No. 82 of 2001 on Management of Water Quality and Control Over Water Pollution. Concentration of total mercury in river water at five sampling points from upstream to downstream of the Tambang Sawah Village river, respectively <0,0003 ppm, 0,0004 ppm, 0,0007 ppm, 0,0008 ppm and 0,0011 ppm and total concentration of mercury in river sediments respectively 1.34 ppm, 4.18 ppm, 35.89 ppm, 50.32 ppm and 114.37 ppm, has exceeded the threshold limit.
Jurnal Saintika Unpam : Jurnal Sains dan Matematika Unpam
Selulosa, salah satu sumber daya alam terbaharukan yang melimpah di Indonesia. Keberadaan selulos... more Selulosa, salah satu sumber daya alam terbaharukan yang melimpah di Indonesia. Keberadaan selulosa tidak terlepas dari lignoselulosa. Oleh karena it untuk mendapatkan selulosa harus dilakukan pengisolasian dari lignoselulosa tersebut. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mereview tentang isolasi dan karakterisasi selulosa tersebut. Isolasi selulosa dapat dilakukan dengan metode perlakuan hidolisis asam, hidrolisis basa, ledakan uap dan enzimatik. Karakterisasi isolasi dapt menggunakan 4 karakteristik yaitu analisis proxymate terutama kandingan selulosa dan lignin, analisis FTIR, analisis termal, dan analisis morfologi permukaan
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 2021
Illegal gold mining activity in Tambang Sawah Village Lebong District is a traditional mining inh... more Illegal gold mining activity in Tambang Sawah Village Lebong District is a traditional mining inherited since Dutch colonialism managed by the community. Waste sediment (tailing) of community gold mining in Tambang Sawah Village contains mercury due to gold producing process with amalgamation method. Tailing thrown into the river causes river water environmental problem, specifically on Air Putih River sediment in the village. Tailing sampling method was performed following the Japan Public Health Association (JPHA) guide as the samples were taken from several drum brakes in
Background: The gold mine located at Tambang Sawah Village, Lebong Regency, has been in
existence... more Background: The gold mine located at Tambang Sawah Village, Lebong Regency, has been in existence since the Dutch colonial era. The mine is currently managed independently by the local populace using the amalgamation method, which causes environmental pollution and health problems to the miners and surrounding communities.Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of mercury exposure on miners. Settings and Design: The purposive sampling method was used to obtain information and research data needed on illegal gold miners. Methods and Material: Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation.Statistical analysis used: The interview results were analyzed and further examined using a descriptive statistical test.Results: The result showed that the amalgamation activity is carried out from 7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m.4:00 p.m., thereby culminating in 9 hours per day. Furthermore, the highest, lowest, and average mercury level obtained from a miner's hair sample was 8.72 mg/kg, 1.42 mg/kg, and 3.06 mg/kg.Conclusions: The high levels of mercury in the hair samples of miners were influenced by the length of exposure affected by the working periods and work difficulty level. Keywords: Mercury, Hair, Miners, Village
Cellulose, one of the most renewable natural resources in Indonesia. The presence of cellulose is... more Cellulose, one of the most renewable natural resources in Indonesia. The presence of cellulose is inseparable from lignocellulose. Therefore, to get cellulose, it must be isolated from lignocellulose. This aim of this study to review the isolation and characterization of cellulose. Cellulose isolation can be done by acid hydolysis treatment method, alkaline hydrolysis, steam explosion and enzymatic. Characterization of isolation can used 4 characteristics, namely preliminary analysis, especially comparison of cellulose and lignin, FTIR analysis, thermal analysis, and surface morphology analysis Abstrak Selulosa, salah satu sumber daya alam terbaharukan yang melimpah di Indonesia. Keberadaan selulosa tidak terlepas dari lignoselulosa. Oleh karena it untuk mendapatkan selulosa harus dilakukan pengisolasian dari lignoselulosa tersebut. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mereview tentang isolasi dan karakterisasi selulosa tersebut. Isolasi selulosa dapat dilakukan dengan metode perlakuan hidolisis asam, hidrolisis basa, ledakan uap dan enzimatik. Karakterisasi isolasi dapt menggunakan 4 karakteristik yaitu analisis proxymate terutama kandingan selulosa dan lignin, analisis FTIR, analisis termal, dan analisis morfologi permukaan Kata Kunci: Selulosa, isolasi, hidrolisis asam, hidrolisis basa, ledakan uap, enzimatik, karakterisasi 1. PENDAHULUAN Selulosa, salah satu sumber daya alam terbarukan yang paling berlimpah di Indonesia dan merupakan komponen utama dari lignoselulosa dari dinding sel pada tanaman bersama dengan hemiselulosa, lignin, pektin,dan lilin. Lignoselulosa bisa didapatkan dari berbagai limbah pertanian seperti bagas tebu, jerami, ampas sagu dan kelapa sawit. Berdasarkan data BPS (2016) , jumlah produksi gula, tepung sagu, padi, dan minyak goreng adalah 2,33 juta ton , 440,516 ton, 32,42 juta ton, dan 33,5 juta ton. Dari data produksi ini, terlihat bahwa limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses tersebut memiliki kapasitas yang besar. Limbah dengan kapasitas yang besar memiliki permasalahan tersendiri dalam penanganannya. Penanganan yang biasa dilakukan adalah menjadikannya sebagai pakan ternak. Peningkatan manfaat secara maksimal diperlukan agar limbah tersebut mempunyai nilai yang lebih tinggi. Salah satu kandungan dari limbah tersebut adalah selulosa yang sifatnya ramah lingkungan , biokompatibilitas, dan sangat cocok untuk derivatisasi kimia (Ekebafe et al., 2011). Oleh karena itu, isolasi selulosa dan karakterisasinya merupakan hal yang penting untuk di ketahui agar dapat mengetahui metode yang cocok untuk proses isolasi selulosa tersebut. Berbagai kajian tentang isolasi selulosa dari limbah pertanian telah dilakukan oleh Sun et al (2004), Purwaningsih (2012) melalui perlakuan alkali dan asam, Jufrinaldi (2018) melalui perlakuan kombinasi likuifaksi, alkali dan asam, Xie et al (2016) melalui kombinasi liquifaksi, alkali dan klorit, Tibolla et al(2014) melalui proses enzimatik, Chirayil et al (2014) melalui proses ledakan uap. Masing dari metode tersebut mempunyai proses yang harus dikelahui langkahnya. Atas dasar inilah penulis mereview berbagai proses isolasi selulosa terhadap limbah pertanian di Indonesia khususnya berbasiskan lignoselulosa.
International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2020
The Indonesian government needs people's homes by implementing the 1,000,000 Houses Program. One ... more The Indonesian government needs people's homes by implementing the 1,000,000 Houses Program. One of the national strategic projects based on interest in houses with 11.6 million units Construction of houses requires structural components in the form of foundations. The goal of this study is to analyze the foundation of hollow model A as a part of the house's structure. This research methodology was using SAP 2000 software. Based on the analysis of the test results of the hollow type A foundation model, the results were the most significant axial force was 1,700 kg, the moment had no effect on the most significant shear force of 576 kg, and torsi occurred ring balk T max 571kgm. This shows that the foundation structure of a type A model can be used / feasible for a simple type 36 house.
Sampah merupakan sumber masalah dalam kehidupan kita sehari-hari baik di daerah perkotaan maupun ... more Sampah merupakan sumber masalah dalam kehidupan kita sehari-hari baik di daerah perkotaan maupun pinggiran perkotaan. Keterbatasan pembuangan sampah menimbulkan bencana sendiri apabila tidak bisa dilakukan pengelolaan yang baik atau didaur ulang untuk kebutuhan kehidupan lainnya. Proses daur ulang bisa menjadi peluang bisnis masyarakat sekitar maupun Industri skala UMKM. Salah satu bagian sampah yang bisa didaur ulang adalah plastik. Plastik merupakan material yang sulit diuraikan didalam tanah. Di beberapa kota besa Di beberapa kota besar, permasalahan pemilahan plastik dilakukan oleh Bank Sampah yang dibentuk sesuai tingkat kesadaran masyarakatnya seperti Bank Sampah Bhakti Pertiwi di bawah naungan Bumdes Tamansera Tambaksawah di Kota Sidoarjo.. Permasalahan ini akan menimbulkan bencana bagi umat manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini ini untuk memproses limbah plastik menjadi produk paving yang ramah lingkungan dengan mutu yang bisa menerima beban ringan seperti sebagai jalan setapak. Me...
The growth of laundry services is directly proportional to the use of detergent. Detergent is a c... more The growth of laundry services is directly proportional to the use of detergent. Detergent is a cleaning product that contains high levels of COD and phosphate. One method that can be used to overcome this problem is Multi Soil Layering (MSL). This research focussed on the flow rate's effect on decreasing pH, COD, and phosphate levels in industrial laundry waste. MSL was installed using a mixture of andosol soil and activated charcoal from coconut shells. Laundry wastewater was let into MSL with flowrate: 10, 50, and 100 ml/minute. The waste degradation system is placed anaerobically by optimising the anaerobic process in the andosol soil. The pH, COD, and phosphate levels were achieved at 7, 90.9%, and 80.7% by draining the laundry industry waste into the MSL system. This MSL method has a residence time of 266 minutes for a flowrate of 100 mL/minute, 532 minutes for a flowrate of 50 mL/minute and 2660 for a flowrate of 10 mL/minute. Keywords: MSL; Phosphate; COD; Laundry In...
Limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari pabrik kelapa sawit dapat mencemari lingkungan karena minyak yan... more Limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari pabrik kelapa sawit dapat mencemari lingkungan karena minyak yang dihasilkannya, sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan perlu dilakukan pengolahan limbah tersebut. Pengolahan air limbah menggunakan koagulan akan sangat mempengaruhi kualitas air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah air limbah agar dapat dibuang ke lingkungan tanpa membuat lingkungan tercemar. Selain itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan dan mengetahui jenis koagulan apa yang baik untuk penanganan air limbah, sedangkan koagulan yang digunakan adalah Tawas, PAC, Alum Polimer dan Polimer PAC. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur total padatan tersuspensi (TSS) adalah metode gravimetri sehingga diperoleh hasil total padatan tersuspensi tertinggi menggunakan koagulan PAC yaitu 970 mg/L dengan nilai efisiensi rata-rata sebesar 98,58%.
Limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari pabrik kelapa sawit dapat mencemari lingkungan karena minyak yan... more Limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari pabrik kelapa sawit dapat mencemari lingkungan karena minyak yang dihasilkannya, sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan perlu dilakukan pengolahan limbah tersebut. Pengolahan air limbah menggunakan koagulan akan sangat mempengaruhi kualitas air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah air limbah agar dapat dibuang ke lingkungan tanpa membuat lingkungan tercemar. Selain itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan dan mengetahui jenis koagulan apa yang baik untuk penanganan air limbah, sedangkan koagulan yang digunakan adalah Tawas, PAC, Alum Polimer dan Polimer PAC. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur total padatan tersuspensi (TSS) adalah metode gravimetri sehingga diperoleh hasil total padatan tersuspensi tertinggi menggunakan koagulan PAC yaitu 970 mg/L dengan nilai efisiensi rata-rata sebesar 98,58%.
Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health, 2021
Background: The gold mine located at Tambang Sawah Village, Lebong Regency, has been in existence... more Background: The gold mine located at Tambang Sawah Village, Lebong Regency, has been in existence since the Dutch colonial era. The mine is currently managed independently by the local populace using the amalgamation method, which causes environmental pollution and health problems to the miners and surrounding communities. Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of mercury exposure on miners.Settings and Design: The purposive sampling method was used to obtain information and research data needed on illegal gold miners. Methods and Material: Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. Statistical analysis used: The interview results were analyzed and further examined using a descriptive statistical test. Results: The result showed that the amalgamation activity is carried out from 7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m.4:00 p.m., thereby culminating in 9 hours per day. Furthermore, the highest, lowest, and average mercury level obtained from a miner's hair sample was 8.72 mg/kg, 1.42 mg/kg, and 3.06 mg/kg. Conclusions: The high levels of mercury in the hair samples of miners were influenced by the length of exposure affected by the working periods and work difficulty level.
The rise of mining activities without permission (PETI) which was a people’s mining from Dutch co... more The rise of mining activities without permission (PETI) which was a people’s mining from Dutch colonial legacy, located in the Tambang Sawah Village, Pinang Belapis District, Lebong Regency has caused environmental problems especially mercury pollution in that village river water. The sampling method refer to Japan Public Health Association (JPHA), then sample analyzed in the national standard laboratory and the results were compared with the Government Regulation of Republic Indonesia No. 82 of 2001 on Management of Water Quality and Control Over Water Pollution. Concentration of total mercury in river water at five sampling points from upstream to downstream of the Tambang Sawah Village river, respectively <0,0003 ppm, 0,0004 ppm, 0,0007 ppm, 0,0008 ppm and 0,0011 ppm and total concentration of mercury in river sediments respectively 1.34 ppm, 4.18 ppm, 35.89 ppm, 50.32 ppm and 114.37 ppm, has exceeded the threshold limit.
Jurnal Saintika Unpam : Jurnal Sains dan Matematika Unpam
Selulosa, salah satu sumber daya alam terbaharukan yang melimpah di Indonesia. Keberadaan selulos... more Selulosa, salah satu sumber daya alam terbaharukan yang melimpah di Indonesia. Keberadaan selulosa tidak terlepas dari lignoselulosa. Oleh karena it untuk mendapatkan selulosa harus dilakukan pengisolasian dari lignoselulosa tersebut. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mereview tentang isolasi dan karakterisasi selulosa tersebut. Isolasi selulosa dapat dilakukan dengan metode perlakuan hidolisis asam, hidrolisis basa, ledakan uap dan enzimatik. Karakterisasi isolasi dapt menggunakan 4 karakteristik yaitu analisis proxymate terutama kandingan selulosa dan lignin, analisis FTIR, analisis termal, dan analisis morfologi permukaan
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 2021
Illegal gold mining activity in Tambang Sawah Village Lebong District is a traditional mining inh... more Illegal gold mining activity in Tambang Sawah Village Lebong District is a traditional mining inherited since Dutch colonialism managed by the community. Waste sediment (tailing) of community gold mining in Tambang Sawah Village contains mercury due to gold producing process with amalgamation method. Tailing thrown into the river causes river water environmental problem, specifically on Air Putih River sediment in the village. Tailing sampling method was performed following the Japan Public Health Association (JPHA) guide as the samples were taken from several drum brakes in
Background: The gold mine located at Tambang Sawah Village, Lebong Regency, has been in
existence... more Background: The gold mine located at Tambang Sawah Village, Lebong Regency, has been in existence since the Dutch colonial era. The mine is currently managed independently by the local populace using the amalgamation method, which causes environmental pollution and health problems to the miners and surrounding communities.Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of mercury exposure on miners. Settings and Design: The purposive sampling method was used to obtain information and research data needed on illegal gold miners. Methods and Material: Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation.Statistical analysis used: The interview results were analyzed and further examined using a descriptive statistical test.Results: The result showed that the amalgamation activity is carried out from 7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m.4:00 p.m., thereby culminating in 9 hours per day. Furthermore, the highest, lowest, and average mercury level obtained from a miner's hair sample was 8.72 mg/kg, 1.42 mg/kg, and 3.06 mg/kg.Conclusions: The high levels of mercury in the hair samples of miners were influenced by the length of exposure affected by the working periods and work difficulty level. Keywords: Mercury, Hair, Miners, Village
Cellulose, one of the most renewable natural resources in Indonesia. The presence of cellulose is... more Cellulose, one of the most renewable natural resources in Indonesia. The presence of cellulose is inseparable from lignocellulose. Therefore, to get cellulose, it must be isolated from lignocellulose. This aim of this study to review the isolation and characterization of cellulose. Cellulose isolation can be done by acid hydolysis treatment method, alkaline hydrolysis, steam explosion and enzymatic. Characterization of isolation can used 4 characteristics, namely preliminary analysis, especially comparison of cellulose and lignin, FTIR analysis, thermal analysis, and surface morphology analysis Abstrak Selulosa, salah satu sumber daya alam terbaharukan yang melimpah di Indonesia. Keberadaan selulosa tidak terlepas dari lignoselulosa. Oleh karena it untuk mendapatkan selulosa harus dilakukan pengisolasian dari lignoselulosa tersebut. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mereview tentang isolasi dan karakterisasi selulosa tersebut. Isolasi selulosa dapat dilakukan dengan metode perlakuan hidolisis asam, hidrolisis basa, ledakan uap dan enzimatik. Karakterisasi isolasi dapt menggunakan 4 karakteristik yaitu analisis proxymate terutama kandingan selulosa dan lignin, analisis FTIR, analisis termal, dan analisis morfologi permukaan Kata Kunci: Selulosa, isolasi, hidrolisis asam, hidrolisis basa, ledakan uap, enzimatik, karakterisasi 1. PENDAHULUAN Selulosa, salah satu sumber daya alam terbarukan yang paling berlimpah di Indonesia dan merupakan komponen utama dari lignoselulosa dari dinding sel pada tanaman bersama dengan hemiselulosa, lignin, pektin,dan lilin. Lignoselulosa bisa didapatkan dari berbagai limbah pertanian seperti bagas tebu, jerami, ampas sagu dan kelapa sawit. Berdasarkan data BPS (2016) , jumlah produksi gula, tepung sagu, padi, dan minyak goreng adalah 2,33 juta ton , 440,516 ton, 32,42 juta ton, dan 33,5 juta ton. Dari data produksi ini, terlihat bahwa limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses tersebut memiliki kapasitas yang besar. Limbah dengan kapasitas yang besar memiliki permasalahan tersendiri dalam penanganannya. Penanganan yang biasa dilakukan adalah menjadikannya sebagai pakan ternak. Peningkatan manfaat secara maksimal diperlukan agar limbah tersebut mempunyai nilai yang lebih tinggi. Salah satu kandungan dari limbah tersebut adalah selulosa yang sifatnya ramah lingkungan , biokompatibilitas, dan sangat cocok untuk derivatisasi kimia (Ekebafe et al., 2011). Oleh karena itu, isolasi selulosa dan karakterisasinya merupakan hal yang penting untuk di ketahui agar dapat mengetahui metode yang cocok untuk proses isolasi selulosa tersebut. Berbagai kajian tentang isolasi selulosa dari limbah pertanian telah dilakukan oleh Sun et al (2004), Purwaningsih (2012) melalui perlakuan alkali dan asam, Jufrinaldi (2018) melalui perlakuan kombinasi likuifaksi, alkali dan asam, Xie et al (2016) melalui kombinasi liquifaksi, alkali dan klorit, Tibolla et al(2014) melalui proses enzimatik, Chirayil et al (2014) melalui proses ledakan uap. Masing dari metode tersebut mempunyai proses yang harus dikelahui langkahnya. Atas dasar inilah penulis mereview berbagai proses isolasi selulosa terhadap limbah pertanian di Indonesia khususnya berbasiskan lignoselulosa.
International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2020
The Indonesian government needs people's homes by implementing the 1,000,000 Houses Program. One ... more The Indonesian government needs people's homes by implementing the 1,000,000 Houses Program. One of the national strategic projects based on interest in houses with 11.6 million units Construction of houses requires structural components in the form of foundations. The goal of this study is to analyze the foundation of hollow model A as a part of the house's structure. This research methodology was using SAP 2000 software. Based on the analysis of the test results of the hollow type A foundation model, the results were the most significant axial force was 1,700 kg, the moment had no effect on the most significant shear force of 576 kg, and torsi occurred ring balk T max 571kgm. This shows that the foundation structure of a type A model can be used / feasible for a simple type 36 house.
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existence since the Dutch colonial era. The mine is currently managed independently by the local
populace using the amalgamation method, which causes environmental pollution and health problems
to the miners and surrounding communities.Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of mercury
exposure on miners. Settings and Design: The purposive sampling method was used to obtain
information and research data needed on illegal gold miners. Methods and Material: Data were
obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation.Statistical analysis used: The
interview results were analyzed and further examined using a descriptive statistical test.Results: The
result showed that the amalgamation activity is carried out from 7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m.4:00
p.m., thereby culminating in 9 hours per day. Furthermore, the highest, lowest, and average mercury
level obtained from a miner's hair sample was 8.72 mg/kg, 1.42 mg/kg, and 3.06 mg/kg.Conclusions:
The high levels of mercury in the hair samples of miners were influenced by the length of exposure
affected by the working periods and work difficulty level.
Keywords: Mercury, Hair, Miners, Village
existence since the Dutch colonial era. The mine is currently managed independently by the local
populace using the amalgamation method, which causes environmental pollution and health problems
to the miners and surrounding communities.Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of mercury
exposure on miners. Settings and Design: The purposive sampling method was used to obtain
information and research data needed on illegal gold miners. Methods and Material: Data were
obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation.Statistical analysis used: The
interview results were analyzed and further examined using a descriptive statistical test.Results: The
result showed that the amalgamation activity is carried out from 7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m.4:00
p.m., thereby culminating in 9 hours per day. Furthermore, the highest, lowest, and average mercury
level obtained from a miner's hair sample was 8.72 mg/kg, 1.42 mg/kg, and 3.06 mg/kg.Conclusions:
The high levels of mercury in the hair samples of miners were influenced by the length of exposure
affected by the working periods and work difficulty level.
Keywords: Mercury, Hair, Miners, Village