Colorado Proposition 118, Paid Medical and Family Leave Initiative (2020)
Colorado Proposition 118 | |
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Election date November 3, 2020 | |
Topic Welfare and Healthcare | |
Status Approved | |
Type State statute | Origin Citizens |
Colorado Proposition 118, the Paid Medical and Family Leave Initiative, was on the ballot in Colorado as an initiated state statute on November 3, 2020. It was approved.
A "yes" vote supported establishing a paid family and medical leave program in Colorado to provide 12 weeks (up to 16 weeks in certain cases) of paid leave (with a maximum benefit of $1,100 per week) funded through a payroll tax to be paid for by employers and employees in a 50/50 split. |
A "no" vote opposed establishing a paid family and medical leave program in Colorado. |
Aftermath
Chronos Builders, LLC v. Department of Labor and Employment, Division of Family and Medical Leave Insurance
Lawsuit overview | |
Issue: Whether Proposition 118 is constitutional; whether it violates Colorado Taxpayer's Bill of Rights (TABOR) | |
Court: Denver District Court, Colorado Supreme Court | |
Ruling: Colorado Supreme Court ruled in favor of defendants and upheld Proposition 118; the measure does not violate TABOR; it is not an income tax; fees are held in the Family and Medical Leave Insurance Fund | |
Plaintiff(s): Chronos Builders, LLC | Defendant(s): Department of Labor and Employment, Division of Family and Medical Leave Insurance |
Source: Colorado Politics
Chronos Builders LLC filed a lawsuit in Denver District Court arguing that Proposition 118 is unconstitutional and violates the Colorado Taxpayer's Bill of Rights (TABOR), which states that "any income tax law change after July 1, 1992 shall also require all taxable net income to be taxed at one rate .. with no added tax or surcharge." Chronos Builders alleged that the payroll tax used to fund the paid medical and family leave program is an added surcharge that would not be taxed at one rate. District Court Chief Judge Michael A. Martinez dismissed the lawsuit on December 13, 2021, and Chronos Builders appealed to the Colorado Supreme Court, which agreed to hear the case.[1]
On June 21, 2022, the Colorado Supreme Court upheld Proposition 118. In the ruling, Justice Monica M. Marquez wrote that the measure does not violate TABOR because it is not an income tax, rather, the premiums are fees that are held in the Family and Medical Leave Insurance Fund.[2]
Election results
Colorado Proposition 118 |
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Result | Votes | Percentage | ||
1,804,546 | 57.75% | |||
No | 1,320,386 | 42.25% |
Reactions
The following is a list of reactions to the approval of Proposition 118:
- U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders tweeted, "Florida passed a $15 minimum wage; Montana, South Dakota, Arizona & New Jersey legalized marijuana; Colorado passed 12 weeks of paid family leave; Arizona increased taxes on the rich to fund education... All over America, voters approved a progressive agenda. Now, Congress must act."[3]
- Loren Furman, senior vice president of state and federal relations with the Colorado Chamber of Commerce said, "I don’t think anyone can determine what the long-term economic devastation will be for businesses during and after the pandemic. I would maintain that this is still the worst time to raise payroll taxes on employers and workers, and it is unlikely that they will have ‘fully recovered’ by 2023.”[4]
- State Sen. Faith Winter (D) said, "I’m really proud of Colorado for being the first state to pass paid family and medical leave at the ballot box. It shows the independence of Colorado voters and the thoughtfulness of Colorado voters to come together to find solutions. This has worked in eight other states. I think this will be one of the issues that takes off in the coming years."[4]
- Tony Gagliardi, Colorado director for the National Federation of Independent Business, said, "Many small businesses will be encouraged to reexamine their need for their current number of employees. hen we will see if the out-of-state groups who funded the proponents’ campaign will be back in Colorado offering financial assistance to Colorado taxpayers who are now saddled with the liability of the program."[4]
Overview
What did Proposition 118 do?
- See also: Measure design
Proposition 118 allows for 12 weeks of paid family and medical leave funded through a payroll tax paid by employers and employees in a 50/50 split. An additional four weeks of leave are allowed for pregnancy or childbirth complications. The first premiums began to be paid on January 1, 2023, and benefits began to be available on January 1, 2024. Under Proposition 118, employers cannot take disciplinary or retaliatory actions against employees for requesting or using paid leave.[5][6][7]
Who was behind the campaigns surrounding Proposition 118?
- See also: Campaign finance, Support, and Opposition
Colorado Families First and AARPCO Committee to Support Proposition 118 were registered to support Proposition 118. The committees reported $9.04 million in contributions. The top donors were the North Fund, which gave $4.4 million, and the Sixteen Thirty Fund, which gave $3.04 million. Colorado Families First said, "Eighty percent of Coloradans don’t have access to paid family and medical leave. They can’t afford to take time off work to care for a newborn baby or a seriously ill loved one — something that’s needed now, more than ever. ... Currently, 2.6 million Coloradans would benefit from the program. ... Coloradans should not have to choose between paying their bills and taking care of their seriously ill family members or having a baby."
Not Now Colorado was registered to oppose Proposition 118. The committee reported $799,926.02 in contributions and $796,945.06 in expenditures. The top donor was the Colorado Association of Commerce and Industry, which gave $65,000. Not Now Colorado said, "[The initiative] is dishonest. To fund the program, proponents designate a 'payroll premium' as the source. The premium is actually a payroll tax deducted directly for the paychecks of hardworking Coloradans. ... Did anyone ask them if they could afford it? Colorado is in the midst of a worldwide pandemic and an economic recession that has been compared to the Great Depression. Is now the time to ask families who are just getting back to work to pay a payroll tax out of their wages for an unproven, state-run program that they may not ever use? Not Now, Colorado!"
Measure design
Premiums
The program was designed to be funded through a payroll tax paid for by employers and employees in a 50/50 split. For 2023, the maximum annual premium was estimated to be $1,455 since premiums can only be assessed on wages up to $161,700 per person.[8]
2023 and 2024
For the first two years of the program (2023 and 2024), the premiums are set to be 0.9% of the employee's wage (0.45% paid by the employer and 0.45% paid by the employee). Employers can choose to pay a larger percentage of the cost up to 100%. The initiative exempts businesses with less than 10 employees from paying the premium. Sole proprietors can opt in to the program. Premiums under the program began on January 1, 2023.[6][7]
2025 and after
Premiums will be adjusted for 2025 so that the total amount of premium contributions to the program equals 135% of the previous year's claims and 100% of the administration costs. The premium may be set up to a cap of 1.2% of each employee’s wages.[6][7]
Benefits
A covered individual may receive up to 12 weeks of paid family or medical leave under Proposition 118. An additional four weeks of leave are allowed for pregnancy or childbirth complications. Individuals receive 90% of their average weekly wage (AWW) for the portion of wages that are less than or equal to 50% of the state average weekly wage (SAWW) and 50% of the portion of their wages that exceed 50% of the SAWW. The maximum benefit is capped at $1,100 per week for 2024. The SAWW was estimated to be $1,340 for 2024. The maximum weekly benefit in 2025 is estimated to be $1,253 per week (90% of the SAWW, which is estimated to be $1,392 per week).[6][7]
The following table shows an example of paid family and medical leave benefits:[8]
Weekly wage | Weekly benefit | Maximum annual benefit | Percent of weekly wage |
---|---|---|---|
$500 | $450 | $5,400 | 90% |
$1,000 | $768 | $9,216 | 77% |
$1,500 | $1,018 | $12,216 | 68% |
$2,000 | $1,100 | $13,200 | 55% |
$3,000 | $1,100 | $13,200 | 37% |
Reasons for leave
A covered individual can take leave for the following reasons:[8]
- caring for their own serious health condition;
- caring for a new child during the first year after the birth or adoption or for foster care of a new child;
- caring for a family member with a serious health condition;
- when a family member is on active duty military service or is called for active-duty military service; and
- when the individual or the individual’s family member is a victim of domestic violence, stalking, or sexual assault.
Individuals are eligible to receive the benefits after they have earned $2,500 in wages that were subject to the paid family and medical leave (PFML) premiums and have been employed by the employer for at least 180 days.[8]
Job protections
Under Proposition 118, employers cannot take disciplinary or retaliatory actions against employees for requesting or using paid leave. Job protections become available to employees who work for the employer for at least 180 days. Employees who take leave under Proposition 118 are entitled to return to the same position or a position with the same pay, benefits, and seniority or status. Employees cannot lose their health benefits during their leave and are still be required to pay their health insurance premiums while on leave.[8]
Text of measure
Ballot title
The ballot title for Proposition 118 was as follows:
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Summary and analysis
The summary and analysis provided for this measure in the 2020 State Ballot Information Booklet are available on page 54 at this link.
Fiscal impact statement
The fiscal impact statement was as follows:[8]
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Full text
The full text of the measure can be read below.[6]
Readability score
- See also: Ballot measure readability scores, 2020
Using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formulas, Ballotpedia scored the readability of the ballot title and summary for this measure. Readability scores are designed to indicate the reading difficulty of text. The Flesch-Kincaid formulas account for the number of words, syllables, and sentences in a text; they do not account for the difficulty of the ideas in the text. The Colorado Title Board wrote the ballot language for this measure.
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Support
Colorado Families First led the campaign in support of the initiative.
Supporters
Officials
- Colorado State Representative Matt Gray (D)
- Colorado State Representative Faith Winter (D)
Organizations
- Democracy for America
- Progress Now Colorado
- Sixteen Thirty Fund
- The Fairness Project
Arguments
Official arguments
Opposition
Not Now Colorado led the campaign in opposition to the initiative.
Opponents
Organizations
Arguments
Official arguments
Campaign finance
Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Support | $8,274,801.00 | $764,776.89 | $9,039,577.89 | $8,242,590.58 | $9,007,367.47 |
Oppose | $799,790.02 | $136.00 | $799,926.02 | $796,809.06 | $796,945.06 |
Ballotpedia identified two committees registered to support the initiative: Colorado Families First and AARPCO Committee to Support Proposition 118. The committees reported $9.04 million in contributions. The top donors were the North Fund, which gave $4.4 million, and the Sixteen Thirty Fund, which gave $3.04 million. The committee reported $8.8 million in expenditures, of which, $2.23 million was paid to FieldWorks, LLC for signature gathering.[10]
Ballotpedia identified one committee registered to oppose the initiative: Not Now Colorado. The committee reported $799,926.02 in contributions and $796,945.06 in expenditures. The top donor was the Colorado Association of Commerce and Industry, which gave $65,000.[10]
Support
The following table includes contribution and expenditure totals for the committee in support of the initiative.[10]
Committees in support of Proposition 118 | |||||
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Committee | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures |
Colorado Families First | $8,274,801.00 | $763,022.77 | $9,037,823.77 | $8,242,590.58 | $9,005,613.35 |
AARPCO Committee to Support Proposition 118 | $0.00 | $1,754.12 | $1,754.12 | $0.00 | $1,754.12 |
Total | $8,274,801.00 | $764,776.89 | $9,039,577.89 | $8,242,590.58 | $9,007,367.47 |
Donors
The following were the top donors to the support committee.[10]
Donor | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions |
---|---|---|---|
North Fund | $4,400,000.00 | $0.00 | $4,400,000.00 |
Sixteen Thirty Fund | $2,670,000.00 | $293,500.00 | $2,963,500.00 |
The Fairness Project | $200,000.00 | $80,538.68 | $280,538.68 |
New Approach Pac | $250,000.00 | $0.00 | $250,000.00 |
SEIU | $0.00 | $108,533.98 | $108,533.98 |
Opposition
The following table includes contribution and expenditure totals for the committee in opposition to the initiative.[10]
Committees in opposition to Proposition 118 | |||||
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Committee | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures |
Not Now Colorado | $799,790.02 | $136.00 | $799,926.02 | $796,809.06 | $796,945.06 |
Total | $799,790.02 | $136.00 | $799,926.02 | $796,809.06 | $796,945.06 |
Donors
The following were the top donors to the opposition committee.
Donor | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions |
---|---|---|---|
Associated General Contractors of Colorado | $63,500.00 | $0.00 | $63,500.00 |
Colorado Association of Commerce and Industry | $50,000.00 | $0.00 | $50,000.00 |
Colorado Concern | $50,000.00 | $0.00 | $50,000.00 |
Colorado Construction Industry Coalition | $50,000.00 | $0.00 | $50,000.00 |
Rocky Mountain Mechanical Contractors Association | $50,000.00 | $0.00 | $50,000.00 |
Methodology
To read Ballotpedia's methodology for covering ballot measure campaign finance information, click here.
Media editorials
- See also: 2020 ballot measure media endorsements
Support
Opposition
Polls
Poll results for the measure are detailed below:[11]
Colorado Proposition 118 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Poll | Yes | No | Unsure | Margin of error | Sample size | ||||||||||||||
Survey USA poll 10/1/20 - 10/6/20 | 57.0% | 21.0% | 22.0% | +/-3.9 | 1,021 | ||||||||||||||
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to [email protected]. |
Background
Federal family and medical leave laws
The federal Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) provides that eligible employees may take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave per year for the following reasons:[12]
- caring for a newborn child, newly adopted child, or foster care of a new child;
- caring for an immediate family member (spouse, child, or parent) with a serious health condition; or
- taking medical leave if the covered individual is unable to work due to a serious health condition.
FMLA applies to public agencies, public and private elementary and secondary schools, and companies with 50 employees or more. Employees are covered after having worked with the employer for 12 months and contributed 1,250 hours of work during the 12 months.[12]
Under FMLA, employees must be restored to their job or given an equivalent job with the same pay, benefits, and conditions. The employee's health insurance benefits are required to continue under FMLA. Under FMLA, employers cannot retaliate against employees for taking family or medical leave.[12]
The federal Families First Coronavirus Response Act expanded medical and family leave for reasons related to the Coronavirus pandemic. The act provided that, from April 1, 2020, through December 31, 2020, employees were eligible for:[13]
- up to 80 hours of sick leave (at regular rate of pay) if the employee is directed to quarantine themselves by a federal, state, or local government order or health care professional; or is experiencing COVID-19 symptoms and is seeking a diagnosis;
- up to 80 hours of paid sick leave (at two-thirds regular rate of pay) if the employee needs to care for someone subjected to quarantine or care for a child whose school is closed; and
- up to 10 weeks of additional leave at two-thirds regular rate of pay to care for a child whose school is closed due to COVID-19 for employees who have worked for an employer for at least 30 days.
The law was designed to apply to certain public employers and private employers with less than 500 employees.[13]
Paid medical leave in Colorado
Under Senate Bill 20-205, the Healthy Families and Workplace Act, signed into law on July 14, 2020, employers with 16 or more employees are required to provide 48 hours (6 days) of paid sick leave per year to employees (hours are to be accrued at one hour of paid sick leave for every 30 hours worked) beginning on January 1, 2021. The requirements go into effect for all employers on January 1, 2022. The sick leave could be used for the following reasons:[14]
- the employee has a mental or physical illness, injury, or health condition; needs a medical diagnosis, care, or treatment related to such illness, injury, or condition; or needs to obtain preventive medical care;
- the employee needs to care for a family member who has a mental or physical illness, injury, or condition or needs a medical diagnosis, care, or treatment related to such illness, injury, or condition; or needs to obtain preventive medical care;
- the employee or family member is or was a victim of domestic abuse, sexual assault, or harassment and needs to be absent from work for purposes related to such crime; or
- a public official has ordered the closure of the school or place of care of the employee's child or of the employee's place of business due to a public health emergency and therefore the employee cannot work.
Under the bill, employers are required to provide at least 80 hours of additional paid sick leave during a public health emergency for employees who work 40 hours per week or more.[14]
Expand the table below to see a comparison of Proposition 118, Senate Bill 20-205, and FMLA.[8]
Comparison of Proposition 118, FMLA, and SB 20-205 | |||
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Proposition 118 | SB 20-205 | FMLA | |
Type of leave | Family and medical | Medical | Family and medical |
Length of leave/paid or unpaid | 12 weeks (up to 16 for pregnancy or childbirth complications); paid | Up to 6 days; paid | 12 weeks; unpaid |
Eligibility requirements | After $2,500 in wages have been subject to premiums | Employee earns 1 hour paid sick leave per 30 hours worked; up to 48 hours per year | After employee has worked for 12 months |
Job protection | After working for employer for 180 days | N/A | Yes |
Employer size | All employers | Employers with 16 or more employees as of Jan. 2021; all employers beginning Jan. 2022 | All elementary and secondary schools; public agencies; private businesses with 50 or more employees |
Reasons for leave | 1Birth or adoption of child; caring for self or family member; family member going on active duty in the military; sexual assault/abuse, & stalking | Care for employee's health/safety; care for a person that the employee needs to provide health/safety-related care | Birth or adoption of child; caring for family member; family member going on active duty in the military |
State paid sick leave policies
As of 2020, 13 states and Washington, D.C., had laws requiring private employers to provide paid sick leave to their employees. Connecticut was the first state to enact a paid sick leave requirement, with Gov. Dan Malloy (D) signing a bill into law in 2011. In addition to Connecticut, state legislatures in nine states passed laws providing for paid medical leave. Voters in three states— Massachusetts (2014), Arizona (2016), and Washington (2016)— passed ballot initiatives to require paid sick leave.[15]
Path to the ballot
The state process
In Colorado, the number of signatures required to qualify an initiated state statute for the ballot is equal to 5 percent of the total number of votes cast for the office of Colorado secretary of state in the preceding general election. State law provides that petitioners have six months to collect signatures after the ballot language and title are finalized. State statutes require a completed signature petition to be filed three months and three weeks before the election at which the measure would appear on the ballot. The Constitution, however, states that the petition must be filed three months before the election at which the measure would appear. The secretary of state generally lists a date that is three months before the election as the filing deadline.
The requirements to get an initiated state statute certified for the 2020 ballot:
- Signatures: 124,632 valid signatures
- Deadline: August 3, 2020[16]
The secretary of state is responsible for signature verification. Verification is conducted through a review of petitions regarding correct form and then a 5 percent random sampling verification. If the sampling projects between 90 percent and 110 percent of required valid signatures, a full check of all signatures is required. If the sampling projects more than 110 percent of the required signatures, the initiative is certified. If less than 90 percent, the initiative fails.
Details about this initiative
- Timothy Tyler and Wendy Howell filed versions #247 and #248 of the initiative on February 7, 2020, and filed version #283 of the initiative on March 6, 2020. The three versions of the initiative were cleared for signature gathering on May 7, 2020. Sponsors began collecting signatures for version #283.[5]
- Proponents delivered 205,660 signatures to the secretary of state's office on July 31, 2020.[17]
- The measure was certified for the ballot on August 25, 2020. Of the 205,660 signatures submitted by proponents, 137,999 were projected to be valid. To qualify for the ballot, 124,632 valid signatures were required.[18]
- Changes to Colorado ballot initiative process due to COVID-19: On May 17, 2020, Colorado Governor Jared Polis (D) signed Executive Order D 2020 065, which authorized the Colorado Secretary of State to establish temporary rules allowing for ballot initiative petitions to be signed through mail and email. The order also temporarily suspended the state law requiring signatures to be submitted six months after ballot language finalization. Under the order, signatures for 2020 Colorado initiatives were due by August 3, 2020.[19] Legal challenges were filed against the order, specifically challenging the mail and email signature gathering provisions. Those provisions of the order were ultimately struck down by the Colorado Supreme Court on July 1, 2020, meaning proponents needed to collect signatures in person.[20][21] [22][23][24]
Cost of signature collection:
Sponsors of the measure hired FieldWorks, LLC to collect signatures for the petition to qualify this measure for the ballot. A total of $2,229,000.00 was spent to collect the 124,632 valid signatures required to put this measure before voters, resulting in a total cost per required signature (CPRS) of $17.88.
How to cast a vote
- See also: Voting in Colorado
Click "Show" to learn more about voter registration, identification requirements, and poll times in Colorado.
How to cast a vote in Colorado | |||||
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Poll timesIn Colorado, polls are open from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. local time for those who choose to vote in person rather than by mail. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote.[25][26] Registration requirements
In Colorado, an individual can pre-register to vote if they are at least 15 years old. Voters must be at least 18 years old to vote in any election. A voter must be a citizen of the United States and have established residence in Colorado to vote.[27] Colorado voters can register to vote through Election Day. However, in order to automatically receive a absentee/mail-in ballot, a voter must register online, through the mail, at a voter registration agency, or driver's license examination facility at least eight days prior to Election Day. A voter that registers through a voter registration drive must submit their application no later than 22 days before the election to automatically receive an absentee/mail-in ballot. A voter can register online or submit a form in person or by fax, email, or mail.[27][28] Automatic registrationColorado automatically registers eligible individuals to vote through the Department of Motor Vehicles and certain other state agencies. Online registration
Colorado has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website. Same-day registrationColorado allows same-day voter registration for individuals who vote in person. Residency requirementsColorado law requires 22 days of residency in the state before a person may vote. Verification of citizenshipColorado does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration. Verifying your registrationThe site Go Vote Colorado, run by the Colorado Secretary of State office, allows residents to check their voter registration status online. Voter ID requirementsColorado requires voters to present non-photo identification when voting in person. If voting by mail for the first, a voter may also need to return a photocopy of his or her identification with his or her mail-in ballot. Click here for more information. The following list of accepted forms of identification was current as of July 2024. Click here for the most current information, sourced directly from the Office of the Colorado Secretary of State.
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See also
External links
- Colorado Secretary of State: Initiative Filings, Agendas & Results
- Initiatives filed with the Legislative Council Staff
- Initiative 283 full text
- Colorado Ballot Information Booklet (Blue Book)
Support |
OppositionSubmit links to [email protected]. |
Footnotes
- ↑ Colorado Politics, "State Supreme Court to consider whether paid family, medical leave violates TABOR," accessed February 10, 2022
- ↑ Colorado Public Radio, "Colorado Supreme Court upholds expanded paid-leave program," accessed June 22, 2022
- ↑ Bernie Sanders on Twitter, "Tweet from November 8, 2020," accessed November 16, 2020
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Canon City Daily Record, "Businesses fret over Colorado’s new paid leave law even as it stands as potential “blueprint” for other states," accessed November 16, 2020
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Colorado Secretary of State, "2019-2020 Initiative Filings, Agendas & Results," accessed February 19, 2020
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Colorado Secretary of State, "Initiative 283 final text," accessed August 26, 2020
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Colorado Secretary of State, "Initiative 283 fiscal impact statement," accessed August 26, 2020
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Colorado State Legislature, "2020 Blue Book," accessed September 21, 2020
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Colorado Secretary of State TRACER, "Campaign finance committee search," accessed August 4, 2020
- ↑ Colorado Politics, "Colorado Politics/9News poll: Family leave soars, views split on abortion limits, popular vote," accessed October 21, 2020
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Department of Labor, "Family and Medical Leave (FMLA)," accessed September 21, 2020
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Department of Labor, "Families First Coronavirus Response Act: Employee Paid Leave Rights," accessed September 25, 2020
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Colorado State Legislature, "Senate Bill 20-205," accessed September 21, 2020
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Paid Sick Leave," last updated July 21, 2020
- ↑ On May 17, 2020, Colorado Governor Jared Polis (D) signed Executive Order D 2020 065, which temporarily suspended the state law requiring signatures to be submitted six months after ballot language finalization. Under the order, signatures for 2020 Colorado initiatives were due by August 3, 2020.
- ↑ Daily Sentinel, "Crowded fall ballot to get busier," accessed July 31, 2020
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Proposed Initiative #283 (“Paid Family and Medical Leave Insurance Program”) Qualifies For 2020 General Election Ballot," accessed August 26, 2020
- ↑ Colorado Governor Jared Polis, "Gov. Polis Signs Executive Orders to Protect Access to Ballot & Ensure Elections Can Proceed Safely," accessed May 18, 2020
- ↑ Colorado Concern, "Lawsuit against Polis' executive order," accessed May 19, 2020
- ↑ Denver Post, "Colorado group seeking to ban late-term abortions sues over governor’s order," accessed May 22, 2020
- ↑ Reporter Herald', "Court upholds Colorado Governor Polis’ power to change ballot initiative rules," accessed May 29, 2020
- ↑ Colorado Politics, "Colorado Supreme Court to hear challenge to Polis order on petition-gathering," accessed June 12, 2020
- ↑ Fort Morgan Times, "Colorado Supreme Court rules against Polis on signatures for ballot measures," accessed July 1, 2020
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Mail-in Ballots FAQs," accessed July 16, 2024
- ↑ Colorado Revised Statutes, "1-7-101," accessed July 16, 2024
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Colorado Secretary of State, "Voter Registration FAQs," accessed July 16, 2024
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Go Vote Colorado," accessed July 15, 2024
- ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Acceptable Forms of Identification," accessed July 17, 2024
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