James Watson

This is the first book that explores whether there are any rules in international law applicable to unilateral sanctions and if so, what they are.

The book examines both the lawfulness of unilateral sanctions and the limitations within which they should operate. In doing so, it includes an analysis of State practice, the provisions of various international legal instruments dealing with such sanctions and their impact on other areas of international law such as freedom of navigation… Show more

This is the first book that explores whether there are any rules in international law applicable to unilateral sanctions and if so, what they are.

The book examines both the lawfulness of unilateral sanctions and the limitations within which they should operate. In doing so, it includes an analysis of State practice, the provisions of various international legal instruments dealing with such sanctions and their impact on other areas of international law such as freedom of navigation, aviation and transit, and the principles of international trade, investment, regional economic integration, and the protection of human rights and the environment.

This study finds that unilateral sanctions by a state or a group of states against another state as opposed to 'smart' or targeted sanctions of limited scope would be unlawful, unless they meet the procedural and substantive requirements stipulated in international law. Importantly, the book identifies and consolidates these requirements scattered in different areas of international law, including the additional rules of customary international law that have emerged out of the recent practice of States and that increase the limitations on the use of unilateral sanctions. Show less

Contributed the chapter Energy diversification and self-sustainable smart villages to the book
Written by leading academics and practitioners in the field, Smart Villages in the EU and Beyond offers a detailed insight into issues and developments that shape the debate on smart villages, together with concepts, developments and policymaking initiatives including the EU Action for Smart Villages.
This book derives from the realization that the implications of the increasing depopulation… Show more

Contributed the chapter Energy diversification and self-sustainable smart villages to the book
Written by leading academics and practitioners in the field, Smart Villages in the EU and Beyond offers a detailed insight into issues and developments that shape the debate on smart villages, together with concepts, developments and policymaking initiatives including the EU Action for Smart Villages.
This book derives from the realization that the implications of the increasing depopulation of rural areas across the EU is a pending disaster. This edited collection establishes a framework for action today, which will lead to sustainable revitalization of rural areas tomorrow.
Using country-specific case studies, the chapters examine how integrated and ICT-conscious strategies and policy actions focused on wellbeing, sustainability and solidarity could provide a long-term solution in the revitalization of villages across the EU and elsewhere. Best practices pertinent to precision farming, energy diversification, tourism, entrepreneurship are discussed in detail.
As an in-depth exploration of the Smart Village on a multinational scale, this book will serve as an indispensable resource for students, researchers and policy leaders in the fields of politics, strategic management and urban and rural studies. Show less

Assessment of the WTO Tuna Dolphin case Appellate Body ruling of June 2012

The book addresses the development of environmental competency in the WTO and examines the arguments of those who oppose WTO rule making with impacts on the environment. The WTO’s interactions with multilateral environmental agreements are considered and recent WTO cases including the 2012 US/Mexico tuna dispute and the US sea turtles decision are analysed in detail. The book goes on to make concrete recommendations, based on existing practice in the WTO dispute resolution procedure, which… Show more

The book addresses the development of environmental competency in the WTO and examines the arguments of those who oppose WTO rule making with impacts on the environment. The WTO’s interactions with multilateral environmental agreements are considered and recent WTO cases including the 2012 US/Mexico tuna dispute and the US sea turtles decision are analysed in detail. The book goes on to make concrete recommendations, based on existing practice in the WTO dispute resolution procedure, which could enhance decision making in environmental cases heard by the WTO. Show less

Chapter 12 in Trade Relations Between the EU and Africa
Development, challenges and options beyond the Cotonou Agreement
Edited by Yenkong Ngangjoh-Hodu, Francis A.S.T. Matambalya

A coalition of Ethiopian coffee producers and the Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office (EIPO) set up a programme to acquire trademarks in important export markets, with a view to increasing the profits on these brands for the producers. In March 2005, the Ethiopian government filed its first US trademark applications
for three contested coffee names. After 15 months the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) agreed that the name Sidamo was generic and therefore could not be… Show more

A coalition of Ethiopian coffee producers and the Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office (EIPO) set up a programme to acquire trademarks in important export markets, with a view to increasing the profits on these brands for the producers. In March 2005, the Ethiopian government filed its first US trademark applications
for three contested coffee names. After 15 months the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) agreed that the name Sidamo was generic and therefore could not be trademarked. Show less

The European Commission initialled a ‘two step’ Economic Partnership Agreement with the Seychelles and Zimbabwe of
the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) region in Brussels on November 28. Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, which together constitute the East African Community (EAC), initialled an ‘interim’ goods-only trade pact with Brussels on
November 23. Other countries in the region followed shortly after. Here, James Watson looks at some of the final steps in the process and… Show more

The European Commission initialled a ‘two step’ Economic Partnership Agreement with the Seychelles and Zimbabwe of
the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) region in Brussels on November 28. Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, which together constitute the East African Community (EAC), initialled an ‘interim’ goods-only trade pact with Brussels on
November 23. Other countries in the region followed shortly after. Here, James Watson looks at some of the final steps in the process and how the EPA has affected regional coherence. Show less