Analysis of animal-to-human translation shows that only 5% of animal-tested therapeutic interventions obtain regulatory approval for human applications
Fig 5
Lag times for clinical therapy development from first animal study.
Lag times for therapies from first animal study to any clinical study (A), to a randomized controlled trial (RCT, B), or to (FDA) approval (C). The data underlying this figure can be found on https://osf.io/frjm4 (Sheet: Translation). The code underlying this figure can be found S1 Code (https://osf.io/9fgru). RCT, randomized controlled trial.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002667.g005