Esposito (Italian pronunciation: [eˈspɔːzito]) is an Italian surname. It ranks the fourth most common surname in Italy.[1] It is especially common in Campania in general and in Naples in particular.[2][3]

Etymology and history

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This surname is thought to derive from Latin expositus (Italian esposto, Old Italian or dialect esposito), the past participle of the Latin verb exponere 'to place outside, to expose', and so literally means 'placed outside, exposed'.[4] In Italian, the stress is on the antepenultimate syllable [eˈspɔːzito]; however, English speakers often pronounce it /ˌɛspəˈzt/ ESP-ə-ZEE-toh, with the stress on the penultimate.

Italian tradition claims that the surname was given to foundlings who were abandoned or placed for adoption and handed over to an orphanage (an Ospizio degli esposti lit. 'home or hospice of the exposed').[5] They were called espositi because they would be abandoned and "exposed" in a public place. Some orphanages maintained a ruota degli esposti 'wheel of the exposed' where abandoned children could be left. In the 19th century, laws were introduced forbidding the practice of giving surnames that reflected a child's origins.

A crude meaning is bastard or out of wedlock child.

As a surname, Esposito has produced, or is related to, a number of variants throughout modern Italy, such as D'Esposito, Degli Esposti, Esposti, Esposto, Sposito, etc. Other variants are also found in the Spanish-speaking world, for example Expósito.

Notable people

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References

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  1. ^ "I 100 cognomi più diffusi in Italia" (in Italian). Cognomix. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  2. ^ "ESPOSITO Surname Meaning and Family History". Archived from the original on 2009-02-12. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
  3. ^ "Esposito" (in Italian). Gens. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  4. ^ Ottorino Pianigiani, Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana, di Ottorino Pianigiani, Roma-Milano, Società editrice Dante Alighieri di Albrighi, Segati e c., 1907
  5. ^ "Trasformazione dell'Ospizio degli Esposti-Revamp of the Ospizio degli Esposti" (in Italian). Biblioteca Salaborsa. Retrieved 27 April 2010.