123rd Illinois Infantry Regiment: Difference between revisions
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|country= [[United States]] |
|country= [[United States]] |
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|allegiance= [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] |
|allegiance= [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] |
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|branch= [[Infantry]], Mounted ( |
|branch= [[Infantry]], Mounted (1863–1864) |
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|equipment= [[Spencer repeating rifle]] |
|equipment= [[Spencer repeating rifle]] |
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|battles= [[Battle of Perryville]]<br>[[Battle of Stones River]] (Murfreesboro II)<br>[[Battle of Vaught's Hill]]<br>[[Battle of Hoover's Gap]]<br>[[Battle of Chickamauga]]<br>[[Battle of Farmington, Tennessee|Battle of Farmington]]<br>[[Atlanta Campaign]]<br>[[Battle of Resaca]]<br>[[Battle of New Hope Church]]<br>[[Battle of Dallas]]<br>[[Battle of Marietta]]<br>[[Battle of Kennesaw Mountain]]<br>[[Kenner Garrard|Garrard's Raid]]<br>[[Wilson's Raid]]<br>[[Battle of Selma]] |
|battles= [[Battle of Perryville]]<br />[[Battle of Stones River]] (Murfreesboro II)<br />[[Battle of Vaught's Hill]]<br />[[Battle of Hoover's Gap]]<br />[[Battle of Chickamauga]]<br />[[Battle of Farmington, Tennessee|Battle of Farmington]]<br />[[Atlanta Campaign]]<br />[[Battle of Resaca]]<br />[[Battle of New Hope Church]]<br />[[Battle of Dallas]]<br />[[Battle of Marietta]]<br />[[Battle of Kennesaw Mountain]]<br />[[Kenner Garrard|Garrard's Raid]]<br />[[Wilson's Raid]]<br />[[Battle of Selma]] |
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The '''123rd Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry,''' was an [[infantry]] and [[mounted infantry]] [[regiment]] that served in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War]]. In 1863 and 1864 it was temporarily known as the '''123rd Illinois Volunteer Mounted Infantry Regiment,''' as part of Wilder's Lightning Brigade. |
The '''123rd Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry,''' was an [[infantry]] and [[mounted infantry]] [[regiment]] that served in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War]]. In 1863 and 1864 it was temporarily known as the '''123rd Illinois Volunteer Mounted Infantry Regiment,''' as part of Wilder's Lightning Brigade. |
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==Service== |
== Service == |
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This regiment was organized at Camp Terry, [[Mattoon, Illinois|Mattoon]], [[Coles County]], [[Illinois]], by Colonel James Monroe, who at the time was major of the [[7th Illinois Volunteer Regiment|7th Illinois Infantry]].{{sfnp|Reece|1902|p=416}} Companies A, C, D, H, I and K were from Coles County; B from [[Cumberland County, Illinois|Cumberland]]; E from [[Clark County, Illinois|Clark]]; F and G from Clark and [[Crawford County, Illinois|Crawford]]. As a colonel in 1861, [[Ulysses S. Grant]] organized his first command, the [[21st Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment]], in Mattoon. |
This regiment was organized at Camp Terry, [[Mattoon, Illinois|Mattoon]], [[Coles County]], [[Illinois]], by Colonel James Monroe, who at the time was major of the [[7th Illinois Volunteer Regiment|7th Illinois Infantry]].{{sfnp|Reece|1902|p=416}} Companies A, C, D, H, I and K were from Coles County; B from [[Cumberland County, Illinois|Cumberland]]; E from [[Clark County, Illinois|Clark]]; F and G from Clark and [[Crawford County, Illinois|Crawford]]. As a colonel in 1861, [[Ulysses S. Grant]] organized his first command, the [[21st Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment]], in Mattoon. |
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===Initial infantry service=== |
=== Initial infantry service === |
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It was mustered into service on September 6, 1862, with James Monroe as Colonel, Jonathan Biggs, of Westfield, Clark County, as Lieutenant Colonel, and James A. Connolly, of [[Charleston, Illinois]], as Major. On 19 September 1862, the Regiment was loaded into freight cars at Mattoon, and transported to [[Louisville, Kentucky]], where it was at once put to work, under Major General [[William "Bull" Nelson]], to fortify the city against Confederate General [[Braxton Bragg]], who was then advancing on it in pursuit of Union General [[Don Carlos Buell]]. |
It was mustered into service on September 6, 1862, with James Monroe as Colonel, Jonathan Biggs, of Westfield, Clark County, as Lieutenant Colonel, and James A. Connolly, of [[Charleston, Illinois]], as Major. On 19 September 1862, the Regiment was loaded into freight cars at Mattoon, and transported to [[Louisville, Kentucky]], where it was at once put to work, under Major General [[William "Bull" Nelson]], to fortify the city against Confederate General [[Braxton Bragg]], who was then advancing on it in pursuit of Union General [[Don Carlos Buell]]. |
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The 123rd was initially assigned to the [[Army of the Ohio]] from September 1862 to November 1862, and then to the [[Army of the Cumberland]] from November 1862 to June 1865. The commanding general of the Army of the Cumberland was [[William Rosecrans]]. The regiment was in the 1st Brigade with Colonel Albert S. Hall, which was part of the 5th Division commanded by Brigadier General [[Joseph J. Reynolds]], reporting to Major General [[George Henry Thomas]]. |
The 123rd was initially assigned to the [[Army of the Ohio]] from September 1862 to November 1862, and then to the [[Army of the Cumberland]] from November 1862 to June 1865. The commanding general of the Army of the Cumberland was [[William Rosecrans]]. The regiment was in the 1st Brigade with Colonel Albert S. Hall, which was part of the 5th Division commanded by Brigadier General [[Joseph J. Reynolds]], reporting to Major General [[George Henry Thomas]]. |
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===Conversion to mounted infantry=== |
=== Conversion to mounted infantry === |
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[[File:Spencer Rifle w Bayonet MANG Museum-10001.jpg|thumb|right|550px|An 1862 Spencer Rifle with sling and bayonet. As part of the "Wilder Lightning Brigade" the 17th was among the first units fighting in the Civil War to receive the [[Spencer repeating rifle]].]] |
[[File:Spencer Rifle w Bayonet MANG Museum-10001.jpg|thumb|right|550px|An 1862 Spencer Rifle with sling and bayonet. As part of the "Wilder Lightning Brigade" the 17th was among the first units fighting in the Civil War to receive the [[Spencer repeating rifle]].]] |
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The new increase in firepower that the Spencer gave, allowed the 123rd and its brigade mates to see off numerically superior Confederate infantry and cavalry in several engagements. The weapon was estimated to allow the regiment to deliver five to seven times the firepower of muzzle-loading opponents.{{sfnp|Sunderland|1984|p=21}} |
The new increase in firepower that the Spencer gave, allowed the 123rd and its brigade mates to see off numerically superior Confederate infantry and cavalry in several engagements. The weapon was estimated to allow the regiment to deliver five to seven times the firepower of muzzle-loading opponents.{{sfnp|Sunderland|1984|p=21}} |
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===Tullahoma campaign=== |
=== Tullahoma campaign === |
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The 123rd first used its new rifles in the [[Battle of Hoover's Gap]].{{sfnp|Sunderland|1969|p=45}} The brigade showed the advantage of their speed despite the weather by reaching the gap nearly 9 miles ahead of Thomas's main body.{{sfnp|Kennedy|1998|p=225}} Despite orders from the divisional commander, General [[Joseph J. Reynolds]] to fall back to his infantry, which was still six miles away, Wilder decided to take and hold the position. |
The 123rd first used its new rifles in the [[Battle of Hoover's Gap]].{{sfnp|Sunderland|1969|p=45}} The brigade showed the advantage of their speed despite the weather by reaching the gap nearly 9 miles ahead of Thomas's main body.{{sfnp|Kennedy|1998|p=225}} Despite orders from the divisional commander, General [[Joseph J. Reynolds]] to fall back to his infantry, which was still six miles away, Wilder decided to take and hold the position. |
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{{Quote |
{{Quote |
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|text=As soon as the enemy opened on us with their artillery we dismounted and formed line of battle on a hill just at the south entrance to the "Gap," and our battery of light artillery was opened on them, a courier was dispatched to the rear to hurry up reinforcements, our horses were sent back some distance out of the way of bursting shells, our regiment was assigned to support the battery, the other three regiments were properly disposed, and not a moment too soon, for these preparations were scarcely completed when the enemy opened on us a terrific fire of shot and shell from five different points, and their masses of infantry, with flags flying, moved out of the woods on our right in splendid style; there were three or four times our number already in sight and still others came pouring out of the woods beyond. Our regiment lay on the hill side in mud and water, the rain pouring down in torrents, while each shell screamed so close to us as to make it seem that the next would tear us to pieces. |
|text=As soon as the enemy opened on us with their artillery we dismounted and formed line of battle on a hill just at the south entrance to the "Gap," and our battery of light artillery was opened on them, a courier was dispatched to the rear to hurry up reinforcements, our horses were sent back some distance out of the way of bursting shells, our regiment was assigned to support the battery, the other three regiments were properly disposed, and not a moment too soon, for these preparations were scarcely completed when the enemy opened on us a terrific fire of shot and shell from five different points, and their masses of infantry, with flags flying, moved out of the woods on our right in splendid style; there were three or four times our number already in sight and still others came pouring out of the woods beyond. Our regiment lay on the hill side in mud and water, the rain pouring down in torrents, while each shell screamed so close to us as to make it seem that the next would tear us to pieces. |
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Presently the enemy got near enough to us to make a charge on our battery, and on they came; our men are on their feet in an instant and a terrible fire from the "Spencers" causes the advancing regiment to reel and its colors fall to the ground, but in an instant their colors are up again and on they come, thinking to reach the battery before our guns can be reloaded, but they "reckoned without their host," they didn't know we had the "Spencers," and their charging yell was answered by another terrible volley, and another and another without cessation, until the poor regiment was literally cut to pieces, and but few men of that 20th Tennessee that attempted the charge will ever charge again. During all the rest of the fight at "Hoover's Gap" they never again attempted to take that battery. After the charge they moved four regiments around to our right and attempted to get in our rear, but they were met by two of our regiments posted in the woods, and in five minutes were driven back in the greatest disorder, with a loss of 250 killed and wounded.{{sfnmp|ABT Hoovers Gap|2012|Connolly|1959|2p=92|ps=<br /> The regiment served quite well through the remainder of the campaign.}} }} |
Presently the enemy got near enough to us to make a charge on our battery, and on they came; our men are on their feet in an instant and a terrible fire from the "Spencers" causes the advancing regiment to reel and its colors fall to the ground, but in an instant their colors are up again and on they come, thinking to reach the battery before our guns can be reloaded, but they "reckoned without their host," they didn't know we had the "Spencers," and their charging yell was answered by another terrible volley, and another and another without cessation, until the poor regiment was literally cut to pieces, and but few men of that 20th Tennessee that attempted the charge will ever charge again. During all the rest of the fight at "Hoover's Gap" they never again attempted to take that battery. After the charge they moved four regiments around to our right and attempted to get in our rear, but they were met by two of our regiments posted in the woods, and in five minutes were driven back in the greatest disorder, with a loss of 250 killed and wounded.{{sfnmp|ABT Hoovers Gap|2012|Connolly|1959|2p=92|ps=<br /> The regiment served quite well through the remainder of the campaign.}} }} |
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===Chickamauga campaign=== |
=== Chickamauga campaign === |
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During the calamitous [[Chickamauga Campaign]]|[[Tullahoma Campaign]], the 123rd and the rest of the Lightning Brigade, were one of the few positive results. The 123rd was sent to defend Alexander's Bridge over the Chickamauga on 17 September. The next day, 18 September, the Lightning Brigade blocked the crossing against the approach of [[William H. T. Walker|W.H.T. Walker]]'s Corps. Feeling quite confident in the advantage their [[Spencer repeating rifle]]s gave them, the brigade held off a brigade of Brig. Gen. [[St. John Richardson Liddell|St. John Liddell's]] division, which suffered 105 casualties against Wilder's superior firepower.{{sfnmp|Cozzens|1992|1p=198|Esposito|1959|2p=112|Kennedy|1998|3p=230|Woodworth|1998|4p=83}}{{sfnp||Eicher, McPherson, & McPherson (2001)|p=581}}{{sfnp|Robertson, Blue & Gray, Dec 2006|p=46–50}} |
During the calamitous [[Chickamauga Campaign]]|[[Tullahoma Campaign]], the 123rd and the rest of the Lightning Brigade, were one of the few positive results. The 123rd was sent to defend Alexander's Bridge over the Chickamauga on 17 September. The next day, 18 September, the Lightning Brigade blocked the crossing against the approach of [[William H. T. Walker|W.H.T. Walker]]'s Corps. Feeling quite confident in the advantage their [[Spencer repeating rifle]]s gave them, the brigade held off a brigade of Brig. Gen. [[St. John Richardson Liddell|St. John Liddell's]] division, which suffered 105 casualties against Wilder's superior firepower.{{sfnmp|Cozzens|1992|1p=198|Esposito|1959|2p=112|Kennedy|1998|3p=230|Woodworth|1998|4p=83}}{{sfnp||Eicher, McPherson, & McPherson (2001)|p=581}}{{sfnp|Robertson, Blue & Gray, Dec 2006|p=46–50}} |
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At around 14:00 on 19 September, the 123rd and its brigade spoiled the left column of the main rebel attack by severely mauling both Brig. Gen. John Gregg's brigade and Brig. Gen. Evander McNair's brigade. The attacking Confederates were surprised by the resolute, confident manner that the Lightning Brigade demonstrated in driving them back.{{sfnmp|Cozzens|1992|1p=199–200|Korn|1985|2p=48|Tucker|1961|3p=166, 172–73|Woodworth|1998|4p=92}}{{sfnp||Eicher, McPherson, & McPherson (2001)|p=582–83}}{{sfnp|Robertson, Blue & Gray, Jun 2007|p=44–45}} |
At around 14:00 on 19 September, the 123rd and its brigade spoiled the left column of the main rebel attack by severely mauling both Brig. Gen. John Gregg's brigade and Brig. Gen. Evander McNair's brigade. The attacking Confederates were surprised by the resolute, confident manner that the Lightning Brigade demonstrated in driving them back.{{sfnmp|Cozzens|1992|1p=199–200|Korn|1985|2p=48|Tucker|1961|3p=166, 172–73|Woodworth|1998|4p=92}}{{sfnp||Eicher, McPherson, & McPherson (2001)|p=582–83}}{{sfnp|Robertson, Blue & Gray, Jun 2007|p=44–45}} |
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===Post Chickamauga=== |
=== Post Chickamauga === |
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During the [[Siege of Chattanooga]], the Lightning Brigade disbanded, and four of its regiments shifted to the Cavalry Corps where they served for the remainder of the war. The 123rd and the 72nd Indiana were sent to the 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Division. |
During the [[Siege of Chattanooga]], the Lightning Brigade disbanded, and four of its regiments shifted to the Cavalry Corps where they served for the remainder of the war. The 123rd and the 72nd Indiana were sent to the 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Division. |
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In June 1865 new recruits and some veterans were transferred to the [[61st Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment|61st Regiment]] as the 123rd prepared to disband.<ref name="ILNG">GlobalSecurity.org 1st Battalion, 123d Infantry</ref> Those who remained were mustered out June 27, 1865, by Captain L. M. Hosea and formally discharged at [[Springfield, Illinois]], on July 11, 1865. |
In June 1865 new recruits and some veterans were transferred to the [[61st Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment|61st Regiment]] as the 123rd prepared to disband.<ref name="ILNG">GlobalSecurity.org 1st Battalion, 123d Infantry</ref> Those who remained were mustered out June 27, 1865, by Captain L. M. Hosea and formally discharged at [[Springfield, Illinois]], on July 11, 1865. |
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==Total strength and casualties== |
== Total strength and casualties == |
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The regiment lost during service three officers and 82 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and one officer and 133 enlisted men by disease for a total of 219.{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1098}} |
The regiment lost during service three officers and 82 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and one officer and 133 enlisted men by disease for a total of 219.{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1098}} |
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==Commanders== |
== Commanders == |
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Colonel James Monroe: September 6, 1862 |
Colonel James Monroe: September 6, 1862 – October 7, 1863 (killed at the Battle of Farmington)<br /> |
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Brigadier General of Volunteers [[James S. Jackson]]: October 1, 1862 |
Brigadier General of Volunteers [[James S. Jackson]]: October 1, 1862 – October 8, 1862 (killed at the Battle of Perryville)<br /> |
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Brigadier General of Volunteers [[William R. Terrill]]: September 9, 1862 |
Brigadier General of Volunteers [[William R. Terrill]]: September 9, 1862 – October 8, 1862 (killed at the Battle of Perryville)<br /> |
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Lt. Colonel [[James A. Connolly]]<br> |
Lt. Colonel [[James A. Connolly]]<br /> |
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Captain Oscar R. Bane<br> |
Captain Oscar R. Bane<br /> |
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Colonel [[John T. Wilder]]: May 6, 1863 |
Colonel [[John T. Wilder]]: May 6, 1863 – November 1864 (resignation)<br /> |
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Brigadier General [[Kenner Garrard]]: May 20, 1864 |
Brigadier General [[Kenner Garrard]]: May 20, 1864 – October 28, 1864<br /> |
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Major General [[James H. Wilson]]: October 28, 1864 |
Major General [[James H. Wilson]]: October 28, 1864 – June 27, 1865 |
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==Officers== |
== Officers == |
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* Surgeon John Milton Phipps, July 2, 1863 |
* Surgeon John Milton Phipps, July 2, 1863 – March 30, 1864. |
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* [[Sergeant]] [[John Hamilton Morgan]]{{sfnp|Thiriot, TheAncestorFiles}} |
* [[Sergeant]] [[John Hamilton Morgan]]{{sfnp|Thiriot, TheAncestorFiles}} |
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==See also== |
== See also == |
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{{Portal|American Civil War|Illinois}} |
{{Portal|American Civil War|Illinois}} |
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* [[List of Illinois Civil War Units]] |
* [[List of Illinois Civil War Units]] |
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* [[Illinois in the American Civil War]] |
* [[Illinois in the American Civil War]] |
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==Notes== |
== Notes == |
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{{refbegin|30em}} |
{{refbegin|30em}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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==Bibliography== |
== Bibliography == |
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{{refbegin|30em}} |
{{refbegin|30em}} |
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* {{cite book |last = Baumgartner |first = Richard A. |title = Blue Lightning: Wilder's Mounted Brigade in the Battle of Chickamauga |year = 2007 |publisher = Blue Acorn Press|location = Huntington, WV |isbn = |
* {{cite book |last = Baumgartner |first = Richard A. |title = Blue Lightning: Wilder's Mounted Brigade in the Battle of Chickamauga |year = 2007 |publisher = Blue Acorn Press|location = Huntington, WV |isbn = 978-1-885033-35-2 |pages = 389 |oclc = 232639520 |edition = 1st |language = en |url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/blue-lightning-wilders-mounted-infantry-brigade-in-the-battle-of-chickamauga/oclc/232639520?loc=02333 }} |
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* {{ cite book |last = Connolly |first = James A. |title = Three Years in the Army of the Cumberland: The Letters and Diary of Major James A. Connolly |editor-last = Angle |editor-first = Paul McClelland | publisher = The Pennsylvania State University Press | location = University Park, PA | year = 1959 | isbn = |
* {{ cite book |last = Connolly |first = James A. |title = Three Years in the Army of the Cumberland: The Letters and Diary of Major James A. Connolly |editor-last = Angle |editor-first = Paul McClelland | publisher = The Pennsylvania State University Press | location = University Park, PA | year = 1959 | isbn = 978-0-527-19000-2 | oclc = 906602437 |edition = 1st |language = en | url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/Three_Years_in_the_Army_of_the_Cumberlan/T9TiAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&kptab=overview }} |
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* {{cite web | url = https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/battle-hoovers-gap | title = Primary Sources: The Road to Chickamauga |website=www.battlefields.org |last1 = Connolly |first1 = James A. | publisher = American Battlefield Trust| location = Washington, DC | year = 2012 | ref={{sfnref|ABT Hoovers Gap|2012}} }} |
* {{cite web | url = https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/battle-hoovers-gap | title = Primary Sources: The Road to Chickamauga |website=www.battlefields.org |last1 = Connolly |first1 = James A. | publisher = American Battlefield Trust| location = Washington, DC | year = 2012 | ref={{sfnref|ABT Hoovers Gap|2012}} }} |
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* {{ cite book |last=Connelly |first=Thomas L |author-link=Thomas L. Connelly| title = Autumn of Glory: The Army of Tennessee 1862–1865 | publisher = Louisiana State University Press | location = Baton Rouge, LA | year = 1971 | isbn = |
* {{ cite book |last=Connelly |first=Thomas L |author-link=Thomas L. Connelly| title = Autumn of Glory: The Army of Tennessee 1862–1865 | publisher = Louisiana State University Press | location = Baton Rouge, LA | year = 1971 | isbn = 978-0-8071-0445-3 | format = PDF | oclc = 1147753151 |edition = 1st |language = en| url = https://archive.org/details/autumnofgloryarm0000conn }} |
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* {{ cite book | last =Cozzens| first =Peter| author-link =Peter Cozzens| title =This Terrible Sound: The Battle of Chickamauga | publisher = University of Illinois Press | location = Champaign, IL | year = 1992 | isbn = |
* {{ cite book | last =Cozzens| first =Peter| author-link =Peter Cozzens| title =This Terrible Sound: The Battle of Chickamauga | publisher = University of Illinois Press | location = Champaign, IL | year = 1992 | isbn = 978-0-252-06594-1 | format = PDF | oclc = 1147753151 | edition = 1st | language = en | url = https://archive.org/details/thisterriblesoun0000cozz }} |
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* {{ cite book | last1 = Daniel | first1 = Larry J. | last2 = Lamers | first2 = William M. | title = The Edge of Glory: A Biography of General William S. Rosecrans, U.S.A. | publisher = Harcourt, Brace & World | location = New York, NY | year = 1961 | isbn = |
* {{ cite book | last1 = Daniel | first1 = Larry J. | last2 = Lamers | first2 = William M. | title = The Edge of Glory: A Biography of General William S. Rosecrans, U.S.A. | publisher = Harcourt, Brace & World | location = New York, NY | year = 1961 | isbn = 978-0-8071-2396-6 | oclc = 906813341 | edition = 1st | language = en | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/edge-of-glory-a-biography-of-general-william-s-rosecrans-usa/oclc/906813341 }} |
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* {{ cite book | last =Duke| first =Basil Wilson | author-link =Basil W. Duke| title =Morgan's Cavalry | publisher = Neale Pub. Co.| location = New York, NY & Washington, DC | year = 1906 | pages = 441 | format = PDF | oclc = 35812648|edition = 1st |language = en | url = https://archive.org/details/35812648.3150.emory.edu/page/n9/mode/2up }} |
* {{ cite book | last =Duke| first =Basil Wilson | author-link =Basil W. Duke| title =Morgan's Cavalry | publisher = Neale Pub. Co.| location = New York, NY & Washington, DC | year = 1906 | pages = 441 | format = PDF | oclc = 35812648|edition = 1st |language = en | url = https://archive.org/details/35812648.3150.emory.edu/page/n9/mode/2up }} |
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* {{cite book | last =Dyer| first =Frederick Henry| author-link = Frederick H. Dyer | title = A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion | publisher = Dyer Pub. Co. | location = Des Moines, IA | year = 1908 | page = 1098 | format = PDF | asin = B01BUFJ76Q |edition = 1st |language = en | url = https://archive.org/details/08697590.3359.emory.edu/page/1097/mode/2up?q=Illinois }} |
* {{cite book | last =Dyer| first =Frederick Henry| author-link = Frederick H. Dyer | title = A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion | publisher = Dyer Pub. Co. | location = Des Moines, IA | year = 1908 | page = 1098 | format = PDF | asin = B01BUFJ76Q |edition = 1st |language = en | url = https://archive.org/details/08697590.3359.emory.edu/page/1097/mode/2up?q=Illinois }} |
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* {{cite book | last1 =Eicher| first1 =David J.| author1-link =David J. Eicher| last2 =McPherson| first2 =James M.| author2-link =James M. McPherson| last3 =McPherson| first3 =James Alan| author3-link =James Alan McPherson| title =The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War| publisher =[[Simon & Schuster]]| year =2001| location =New York City| url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/longest-night-a-military-history-of-the-civil-war/oclc/892938160 | isbn =0-7432-1846-9| oclc =892938160 |ref={{sfnref|Eicher, McPherson, & McPherson (2001)}} }} |
* {{cite book | last1 =Eicher| first1 =David J.| author1-link =David J. Eicher| last2 =McPherson| first2 =James M.| author2-link =James M. McPherson| last3 =McPherson| first3 =James Alan| author3-link =James Alan McPherson| title =The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War| publisher =[[Simon & Schuster]]| year =2001| location =New York City| url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/longest-night-a-military-history-of-the-civil-war/oclc/892938160 | isbn =0-7432-1846-9| oclc =892938160 |ref={{sfnref|Eicher, McPherson, & McPherson (2001)}} }} |
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* {{cite book | last =Esposito| first =Vincent J.| title =West Point Atlas of American Wars| publisher =[[Frederick A. Praeger Publishers]]| year =1959| location =New York City| url = http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american_civil_war/ | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120829203141/http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american_civil_war/ | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2012-08-29 | isbn =978-0-8050-3391-5| oclc=60298522 | edition = 1st | language = en }} |
* {{cite book | last =Esposito| first =Vincent J.| title =West Point Atlas of American Wars| publisher =[[Frederick A. Praeger Publishers]]| year =1959| location =New York City| url = http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american_civil_war/ | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120829203141/http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/american_civil_war/ | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2012-08-29 | isbn =978-0-8050-3391-5| oclc=60298522 | edition = 1st | language = en }} |
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* {{Cite book | last = Frisby | first = Derek W. | editor1-last = Heidler | editor1-first = David S. | editor2-last = Heidler | editor2-first = Jeanne T. | year = 2000 | isbn = |
* {{Cite book | last = Frisby | first = Derek W. | editor1-last = Heidler | editor1-first = David S. | editor2-last = Heidler | editor2-first = Jeanne T. | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-393-04758-5 | oclc = 317783094 | title = Tullahoma Campaign | series = Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History | volume = IV | pages = –2733 | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | location = New York, NY | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/encyclopedia-of-the-american-civil-war-a-political-social-and-military-history/oclc/317783094 }} |
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* {{Cite journal | last1 = Garrison | first1 = Graham | last2 = Pierson | first2 = Parke | last3 = Shoaf | first3 = Dana B. | title = Lightning at Chickamauga | journal = America's Civil War | issn = |
* {{Cite journal | last1 = Garrison | first1 = Graham | last2 = Pierson | first2 = Parke | last3 = Shoaf | first3 = Dana B. | title = Lightning at Chickamauga | journal = America's Civil War | issn = 1046–2899 | publisher =Historynet LLC | volume = 16 | issue = 1 | date = March 2003 | pages = 46–54 |
||
| url = https://www.historynet.com/battle-of-chickamauga-colonel-john-t-wilder-and-the-lightning-brigade.htm | access-date = April 6, 2020 | ref = {{sfnref|Garrison, Graham, Parke Pierson, and Dana B. Shoaf (March 2003) “LIGHTNING AT Chickamauga.” America’s Civil War V.16 No.1}} }} |
| url = https://www.historynet.com/battle-of-chickamauga-colonel-john-t-wilder-and-the-lightning-brigade.htm | access-date = April 6, 2020 | ref = {{sfnref|Garrison, Graham, Parke Pierson, and Dana B. Shoaf (March 2003) “LIGHTNING AT Chickamauga.” America’s Civil War V.16 No.1}} }} |
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* {{ cite book | last = Hallock | first = Judith Lee | title = Braxton Bragg and Confederate Defeat, Volume 2 | publisher = University of Alabama Press | location = Tuscaloosa, AL | year = 1991 | isbn = |
* {{ cite book | last = Hallock | first = Judith Lee | title = Braxton Bragg and Confederate Defeat, Volume 2 | publisher = University of Alabama Press | location = Tuscaloosa, AL | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-585-13897-8 | oclc = 1013879782 | edition = 1st | language = en | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/braxton-bragg-and-confederate-defeat/oclc/1013879782 }} |
||
* {{cite web | url =https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/1-123in.htm | title =1st Battalion, 123d Infantry | author = Illinois National Guard | publisher = GlobalSecurity.org | location = Alexandria, VA | website =globalsecurity.org | access-date = April 4, 2020 | ref = {{sfnref|GlobalSecurity 123d Infantry}} }} |
* {{cite web | url =https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/1-123in.htm | title =1st Battalion, 123d Infantry | author = Illinois National Guard | publisher = GlobalSecurity.org | location = Alexandria, VA | website =globalsecurity.org | access-date = April 4, 2020 | ref = {{sfnref|GlobalSecurity 123d Infantry}} }} |
||
* {{ Cite web | url = http://www.bitsofblueandgray.com/readers.htm | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080514031518/http://www.bitsofblueandgray.com/readers.htm | archive-date = May 14, 2008 | title = Story of Corporal William | last = Jared | first = Grace Heminger | publisher = Jayne McCormick | location = San Francisco, CA | year = 2008 | website = Bits of Blue and Gray: An American Civil War Notebook | ref = {{sfnref|Bits of Blue and Gray}} }} |
* {{ Cite web | url = http://www.bitsofblueandgray.com/readers.htm | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080514031518/http://www.bitsofblueandgray.com/readers.htm | archive-date = May 14, 2008 | title = Story of Corporal William | last = Jared | first = Grace Heminger | publisher = Jayne McCormick | location = San Francisco, CA | year = 2008 | website = Bits of Blue and Gray: An American Civil War Notebook | ref = {{sfnref|Bits of Blue and Gray}} }} |
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* {{Cite journal | last = Jordan | first = Hubert | title = Battle of Chickamauga: Colonel John Wilder's Lightning Brigade Prevented Total Disaster | journal = America's Civil War | issn = |
* {{Cite journal | last = Jordan | first = Hubert | title = Battle of Chickamauga: Colonel John Wilder's Lightning Brigade Prevented Total Disaster | journal = America's Civil War | issn = 1046–2899 | publisher =Historynet LLC | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | date = July 1997 | pages = 44–49 |
||
| url = https://www.historynet.com/battle-of-chickamauga-colonel-john-wilders-lightning-brigade-prevented-total-disaster.htm | access-date = April 6, 2020 |ref={{sfnref|Jordan, Hubert (July 1997) “Colonel John Wilder’s Lightning Brigade Prevented Total Disaster.” America’s Civil War V.16 No.1}} }} |
| url = https://www.historynet.com/battle-of-chickamauga-colonel-john-wilders-lightning-brigade-prevented-total-disaster.htm | access-date = April 6, 2020 |ref={{sfnref|Jordan, Hubert (July 1997) “Colonel John Wilder’s Lightning Brigade Prevented Total Disaster.” America’s Civil War V.16 No.1}} }} |
||
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Kennedy |editor1-first=Frances H. |title=The Civil War Battlefield Guide |year =1998 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co. |location=Boston, MA |isbn=0-395-74012-6 |edition=2nd |url=https://www.amazon.com/Civil-War-Battlefield-Guide-ebook/dp/B006WQL38Y/ref=sr_1_3?dchild=1&keywords=The+Civil+War+Battlefield+Guide&qid=1606345040&s=digital-text&sr=1-3 |access-date=June 24, 2020|format=Kindle}} |
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Kennedy |editor1-first=Frances H. |title=The Civil War Battlefield Guide |year =1998 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co. |location=Boston, MA |isbn=0-395-74012-6 |edition=2nd |url=https://www.amazon.com/Civil-War-Battlefield-Guide-ebook/dp/B006WQL38Y/ref=sr_1_3?dchild=1&keywords=The+Civil+War+Battlefield+Guide&qid=1606345040&s=digital-text&sr=1-3 |access-date=June 24, 2020|format=Kindle}} |
||
* {{cite book | last =Korn | first =Jerry | title =The Fight for Chattanooga: Chickamauga to Missionary Ridge | publisher =[[Time-Life Books]]| series =The Civil War| year =1985| location =[[Alexandria, VA]]| isbn = |
* {{cite book | last =Korn | first =Jerry | title =The Fight for Chattanooga: Chickamauga to Missionary Ridge | publisher =[[Time-Life Books]]| series =The Civil War| year =1985| location =[[Alexandria, VA]]| isbn =978-0-8173-9185-0 | oclc =34581283 | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/fight-for-chattanooga-chickamauga-to-missionary-ridge/oclc/34581283 }} |
||
* {{cite web |url = http://www.16thconfederatecavalry.com/timelinebattles/rome.html |title=Battle Near Rome, Georgia, October 12, 1864 | last = Lyons | first = Ron | publisher = Studio199 | website=16thconfederatecavalry.com |access-date=2018-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707060209/http://www.16thconfederatecavalry.com/timelinebattles/rome.html |archive-date=2011-07-07 |url-status=dead |ref={{sfnref|Sixteenth Confederate Cavalry}} }} |
* {{cite web |url = http://www.16thconfederatecavalry.com/timelinebattles/rome.html |title=Battle Near Rome, Georgia, October 12, 1864 | last = Lyons | first = Ron | publisher = Studio199 | website=16thconfederatecavalry.com |access-date=2018-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707060209/http://www.16thconfederatecavalry.com/timelinebattles/rome.html |archive-date=2011-07-07 |url-status=dead |ref={{sfnref|Sixteenth Confederate Cavalry}} }} |
||
* {{ cite book | last = McWhiney | first = Grady | title = Braxton Bragg and Confederate Defeat, Volume 1 | publisher = University of Alabama Press | location = Tuscaloosa, AL | year = 1991 | isbn = |
* {{ cite book | last = McWhiney | first = Grady | title = Braxton Bragg and Confederate Defeat, Volume 1 | publisher = University of Alabama Press | location = Tuscaloosa, AL | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-8173-0545-1 | lccn = 91003554 | oclc = 799285151 | edition = 1st | language = en | url =https://archive.org/details/braxtonbraggconf00mcwh/page/376/mode/2up }} |
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* {{cite book | last =Martin| first =Samuel J.| title = General Braxton Bragg, C.S.A. | publisher =McFarland | edition =2013 Kindle | year =2011| location =[[Jefferson, NC]] | isbn = |
* {{cite book | last =Martin| first =Samuel J.| title = General Braxton Bragg, C.S.A. | publisher =McFarland | edition =2013 Kindle | year =2011| location =[[Jefferson, NC]] | isbn = 978-0-7864-5934-6 | oclc = 617425048 }} |
||
* {{ cite book |last1 = Reece |first1 = Jasper Newton , Brig Gen, Adjutant General | title = Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Illinois ( |
* {{ cite book |last1 = Reece |first1 = Jasper Newton , Brig Gen, Adjutant General | title = Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Illinois (1900–1902).| volume =VI | publisher = Phillips Bros., State Printer | location = Springfield, IL | year = 1902 | pages = 395–421 | format = PDF | oclc = 1052542476 | access-date = April 4, 2020 | url = https://archive.org/details/reportofadjutant06illi1/page/395/mode/2up }} |
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* {{ cite book | last =Robertson | first =William Glenn | editor-last = Woodworth |editor-first = Steven E. |editor-link=Steven E. Woodworth | chapter= Bull of the Woods? James Longstreet at Chickamauga | title = The Chickamauga Campaign | series = Civil War Campaigns in the West | publisher = Southern Illinois University Press | location = Carbondale, IL| edition =2011 Kindle | year = 2010 | isbn = |
* {{ cite book | last =Robertson | first =William Glenn | editor-last = Woodworth |editor-first = Steven E. |editor-link=Steven E. Woodworth | chapter= Bull of the Woods? James Longstreet at Chickamauga | title = The Chickamauga Campaign | series = Civil War Campaigns in the West | publisher = Southern Illinois University Press | location = Carbondale, IL| edition =2011 Kindle | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-0-8093-8556-0 | oclc = 649913237 | access-date = April 6, 2020 }} |
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* {{Cite journal | last = Robertson | first = William Glenn | title = The Chickamauga Campaign: The Fall of Chattanooga | journal = Blue & Gray Magazine | issn = 0741-2207 | publisher =Blue & Gray Enterprises | location = Columbus, OH | volume = XXIII | issue = 136 | date = January 2006 | url = https://blueandgraymagazine.com/back-issue-index | ref={{sfnref|Robertson, Blue & Gray, Jan 2006}} }} |
* {{Cite journal | last = Robertson | first = William Glenn | title = The Chickamauga Campaign: The Fall of Chattanooga | journal = Blue & Gray Magazine | issn = 0741-2207 | publisher =Blue & Gray Enterprises | location = Columbus, OH | volume = XXIII | issue = 136 | date = January 2006 | url = https://blueandgraymagazine.com/back-issue-index | ref={{sfnref|Robertson, Blue & Gray, Jan 2006}} }} |
||
* {{Cite journal | last = Robertson | first = William Glenn | title = The Chickamauga Campaign: McLemore's Cove |
* {{Cite journal | last = Robertson | first = William Glenn | title = The Chickamauga Campaign: McLemore's Cove – Bragg's Lost Opportunity | journal = Blue & Gray Magazine | issn = 0741-2207 | publisher =Blue & Gray Enterprises | location = Columbus, OH | volume = XXIII | issue = 138 | date = June 2006| url = https://blueandgraymagazine.com/back-issue-index | ref={{sfnref|Robertson, Blue & Gray, Jun 2006}} }} |
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* {{Cite journal | last = Robertson | first = William Glenn | title = The Chickamauga Campaign: The Armies Collide | journal = Blue & Gray Magazine | issn = 0741-2207 | publisher =Blue & Gray Enterprises | location = Columbus, OH | volume = XXIV | issue = 141 | date = December 2006 | url = https://blueandgraymagazine.com/back-issue-index | ref={{sfnref|Robertson, Blue & Gray, Dec 2006}} }} |
* {{Cite journal | last = Robertson | first = William Glenn | title = The Chickamauga Campaign: The Armies Collide | journal = Blue & Gray Magazine | issn = 0741-2207 | publisher =Blue & Gray Enterprises | location = Columbus, OH | volume = XXIV | issue = 141 | date = December 2006 | url = https://blueandgraymagazine.com/back-issue-index | ref={{sfnref|Robertson, Blue & Gray, Dec 2006}} }} |
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* {{Cite journal | last = Robertson | first = William Glenn | title = The Chickamauga Campaign: The Battle of Chickamauga, Day 1 | journal = Blue & Gray Magazine | issn = 0741-2207 | publisher =Blue & Gray Enterprises | location = Columbus, OH | volume = XXIV | issue = 144 | date = June 2007 | url = https://blueandgraymagazine.com/back-issue-index | ref={{sfnref|Robertson, Blue & Gray, Jun 2007}} }} |
* {{Cite journal | last = Robertson | first = William Glenn | title = The Chickamauga Campaign: The Battle of Chickamauga, Day 1 | journal = Blue & Gray Magazine | issn = 0741-2207 | publisher =Blue & Gray Enterprises | location = Columbus, OH | volume = XXIV | issue = 144 | date = June 2007 | url = https://blueandgraymagazine.com/back-issue-index | ref={{sfnref|Robertson, Blue & Gray, Jun 2007}} }} |
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* {{Cite journal | last = Robertson | first = William Glenn | title = The Chickamauga Campaign: The Battle of Chickamauga, Day 2 | journal = Blue & Gray Magazine | issn = 0741-2207 | publisher =Blue & Gray Enterprises | location = Columbus, OH | volume = XXV | issue = 146 | date = October 2007 | url = https://blueandgraymagazine.com/back-issue-index | ref={{sfnref|Robertson, Blue & Gray, Oct 2007}} }} |
* {{Cite journal | last = Robertson | first = William Glenn | title = The Chickamauga Campaign: The Battle of Chickamauga, Day 2 | journal = Blue & Gray Magazine | issn = 0741-2207 | publisher =Blue & Gray Enterprises | location = Columbus, OH | volume = XXV | issue = 146 | date = October 2007 | url = https://blueandgraymagazine.com/back-issue-index | ref={{sfnref|Robertson, Blue & Gray, Oct 2007}} }} |
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* {{ cite book | last = Smith | first = Derek | title = The Gallant Dead : Union and Confederate Generals Killed in the Civil War | publisher = Stackpole Books | location = Mechanicsburg, PA | year = 2005 | edition =2011 Kindle| isbn = |
* {{ cite book | last = Smith | first = Derek | title = The Gallant Dead : Union and Confederate Generals Killed in the Civil War | publisher = Stackpole Books | location = Mechanicsburg, PA | year = 2005 | edition =2011 Kindle| isbn = 978-0-8117-4872-8 | oclc = 1022792759 | access-date = May 10, 2020}} |
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* {{cite book | last =Starr| first =Stephen Z.| title =The War in the West, |
* {{cite book | last =Starr| first =Stephen Z.| title =The War in the West, 1861–1865| publisher =Louisiana State University Press| series =The Union Cavalry in the Civil War| volume =III | edition =1st| year =1985| location =Baton Rouge, LA| isbn =978-0-8071-1209-0| oclc =769318010 | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/union-cavalry-in-the-civil-war-vol-3-the-war-in-the-west-1861-1865/oclc/769318010 }} |
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* {{Cite journal | last = Stuntz | first = Margaret L. | title = Lightning Strike at the Gap | journal = America's Civil War | issn = |
* {{Cite journal | last = Stuntz | first = Margaret L. | title = Lightning Strike at the Gap | journal = America's Civil War | issn = 1046–2899 | publisher =Historynet LLC | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | date = July 1997 | pages = 50–57 |
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| url = https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=9706051840&site=ehost-live| access-date = April 6, 2020 |ref={{sfnref|Stuntz, Margaret L. (July 1997) “Lightning Strike at the Gap.” America’s Civil War V.10 No.3}} |url-access = subscription }} |
| url = https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=9706051840&site=ehost-live| access-date = April 6, 2020 |ref={{sfnref|Stuntz, Margaret L. (July 1997) “Lightning Strike at the Gap.” America’s Civil War V.10 No.3}} |url-access = subscription }} |
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* {{ cite book | last = Sunderland | first = Glenn W. | title = Lightning at Hoover's Gap: the Story of Wilder's Brigade | publisher = Thomas Yoseloff | location = London, UK | edition =1st| year = 1969 | isbn = |
* {{ cite book | last = Sunderland | first = Glenn W. | title = Lightning at Hoover's Gap: the Story of Wilder's Brigade | publisher = Thomas Yoseloff | location = London, UK | edition =1st| year = 1969 | isbn = 0-498-06795-5 | oclc = 894765669 | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/lightning-at-hoovers-gap-the-story-of-wilders-brigade/oclc/10632 }} |
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* {{ cite book | last = Sunderland | first = Glenn W. | title = Wilder's Lightning Brigade and Its Spencer Repeaters | publisher = Bookworks | location = Washington, IL | year = 1984 | isbn = 9996886417 | oclc = 12549273 | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/wilders-lightning-brigade-and-its-spencer-repeaters/oclc/12549273 }} |
* {{ cite book | last = Sunderland | first = Glenn W. | title = Wilder's Lightning Brigade and Its Spencer Repeaters | publisher = Bookworks | location = Washington, IL | year = 1984 | isbn = 9996886417 | oclc = 12549273 | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/wilders-lightning-brigade-and-its-spencer-repeaters/oclc/12549273 }} |
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* {{cite web | last = Thiriot | first = Amy Tanner | url =https://theancestorfiles.blogspot.com/2009/02/morgan-4-john-morgan-funeral-address.html | title =Morgan 4: John Morgan Funeral Address, Part 1 of 3 | publisher = TheAncestorFiles | website =theancestorfiles.blogspot.com | date = February 2009 | ref = {{sfnref|Thiriot, TheAncestorFiles}} | access-date = July 22, 2014 }} |
* {{cite web | last = Thiriot | first = Amy Tanner | url =https://theancestorfiles.blogspot.com/2009/02/morgan-4-john-morgan-funeral-address.html | title =Morgan 4: John Morgan Funeral Address, Part 1 of 3 | publisher = TheAncestorFiles | website =theancestorfiles.blogspot.com | date = February 2009 | ref = {{sfnref|Thiriot, TheAncestorFiles}} | access-date = July 22, 2014 }} |
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* {{ cite book | last = Thomas | first = Edison H. | title = John Hunt Morgan and His Raiders | publisher = The University Press of Kentucky | location = Lexington, KY | year = 1985 | isbn = |
* {{ cite book | last = Thomas | first = Edison H. | title = John Hunt Morgan and His Raiders | publisher = The University Press of Kentucky | location = Lexington, KY | year = 1985 | isbn = 978-1-306-18437-3 | oclc = 865156740 | url-access = | url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/john-hunt-morgan-and-his-raiders/oclc/865156740 }} |
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* {{ cite book | last = Tucker | first = Glenn | title = Chickamauga: Bloody Battle in the West | publisher = Bobbs-Merrill Co. | location = Indianapolis, IN | year = 1961 | edition =2015 Kindle | isbn = |
* {{ cite book | last = Tucker | first = Glenn | title = Chickamauga: Bloody Battle in the West | publisher = Bobbs-Merrill Co. | location = Indianapolis, IN | year = 1961 | edition =2015 Kindle | isbn = 978-1-78625-115-2 | oclc = 933587418 | access-date = May 10, 2020 }} |
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* {{ cite book | last = Woodworth | first = Steven E. |author-link=Steven E. Woodworth | title = Six Armies in Tennessee: The Chickamauga and Chattanooga Campaigns | publisher = University of Nebraska Press | location = Lincoln, NE | year = 1998 | edition =2015 Kindle | isbn = |
* {{ cite book | last = Woodworth | first = Steven E. |author-link=Steven E. Woodworth | title = Six Armies in Tennessee: The Chickamauga and Chattanooga Campaigns | publisher = University of Nebraska Press | location = Lincoln, NE | year = 1998 | edition =2015 Kindle | isbn = 978-0-8032-9813-2 | oclc = 50844494 | access-date = May 10, 2020 }} |
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* {{ cite web | url = http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/tn017.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130913032248/http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/tn017.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2013-09-13 | title = NPS Hoover's Gap Battle Description | author = U.S. National Park Service | publisher=[[U.S. National Park Service]]|website=nps.gov | access-date=September 14, 2017|ref={{sfnref|NPS Hoover's Gap}} }} |
* {{ cite web | url = http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/tn017.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130913032248/http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/tn017.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2013-09-13 | title = NPS Hoover's Gap Battle Description | author = U.S. National Park Service | publisher=[[U.S. National Park Service]]|website=nps.gov | access-date=September 14, 2017|ref={{sfnref|NPS Hoover's Gap}} }} |
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* {{ cite web | url = http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/ga004.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130913060201/http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/ga004.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2013-09-13 | title = Chickamauga Battle Description | author = U.S. National Park Service | publisher = [[U.S. National Park Service]]|website=nps.gov | access-date=September 14, 2017|ref={{sfnref|NPS Chickamauga}} }} |
* {{ cite web | url = http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/ga004.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130913060201/http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/ga004.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2013-09-13 | title = Chickamauga Battle Description | author = U.S. National Park Service | publisher = [[U.S. National Park Service]]|website=nps.gov | access-date=September 14, 2017|ref={{sfnref|NPS Chickamauga}} }} |
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* [http://www.geocities.com/wildersbrigade/ Wilder's Brigade Mounted Infantry Living History Society] ([https://www.webcitation.org/5keWTdDV6?url=http://www.geocities.com/wildersbrigade/ Archived] 2009-10-19) |
* [http://www.geocities.com/wildersbrigade/ Wilder's Brigade Mounted Infantry Living History Society] ([https://www.webcitation.org/5keWTdDV6?url=http://www.geocities.com/wildersbrigade/ Archived] 2009-10-19) |
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* [http://www.scuba-doc.com/Batlsel.htm The First Battle of Selma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511192607/http://www.scuba-doc.com/Batlsel.htm |date=May 11, 2008 }} |
* [http://www.scuba-doc.com/Batlsel.htm The First Battle of Selma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511192607/http://www.scuba-doc.com/Batlsel.htm |date=May 11, 2008 }} |
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* [http://shermans5th.blogspot.com Sherman's Fifth Corps] |
* [http://shermans5th.blogspot.com/ Sherman's Fifth Corps] |
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[[Category:Units and formations of the Union Army from Illinois]] |
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union Army from Illinois]] |
Revision as of 02:40, 21 January 2022
123rd Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry/Illinois Volunteer Mounted Infantry | |
---|---|
Active | September 6, 1862, to July 11, 1865 |
Country | United States |
Allegiance | Union |
Branch | Infantry, Mounted (1863–1864) |
Equipment | Spencer repeating rifle |
Engagements | Battle of Perryville Battle of Stones River (Murfreesboro II) Battle of Vaught's Hill Battle of Hoover's Gap Battle of Chickamauga Battle of Farmington Atlanta Campaign Battle of Resaca Battle of New Hope Church Battle of Dallas Battle of Marietta Battle of Kennesaw Mountain Garrard's Raid Wilson's Raid Battle of Selma |
The 123rd Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, was an infantry and mounted infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. In 1863 and 1864 it was temporarily known as the 123rd Illinois Volunteer Mounted Infantry Regiment, as part of Wilder's Lightning Brigade.
Service
This regiment was organized at Camp Terry, Mattoon, Coles County, Illinois, by Colonel James Monroe, who at the time was major of the 7th Illinois Infantry.[1] Companies A, C, D, H, I and K were from Coles County; B from Cumberland; E from Clark; F and G from Clark and Crawford. As a colonel in 1861, Ulysses S. Grant organized his first command, the 21st Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment, in Mattoon.
Initial infantry service
It was mustered into service on September 6, 1862, with James Monroe as Colonel, Jonathan Biggs, of Westfield, Clark County, as Lieutenant Colonel, and James A. Connolly, of Charleston, Illinois, as Major. On 19 September 1862, the Regiment was loaded into freight cars at Mattoon, and transported to Louisville, Kentucky, where it was at once put to work, under Major General William "Bull" Nelson, to fortify the city against Confederate General Braxton Bragg, who was then advancing on it in pursuit of Union General Don Carlos Buell.
On October 1, having been assigned to the Thirty-third Brigade (General William R. Terrill), Fourth Division (General James S. Jackson), in McCook's Corps, the regiment started on the march under Buell, southward through Kentucky, after Bragg, who had turned back, and up to this time the regiment never had battalion drill, and hardly an attempt at company drill, as all the officers, except the colonel, were "raw recruits".
Just 19 days after leaving Mattoon, the regiment engaged in the Battle of Perryville, where 36 men were killed in action and 180 wounded.[2] Generals Terrill and Jackson were both killed immediately behind and within twenty feet of the line of the regiment. Among the wounded were Captain Coblentz of Company E, First Lieutenant S. M. Shepard of Company A and Adjutant Leander H. Hamlin. Following the devastating bloodshed the 123rd was assigned to protect the railroad bridge across the Green River at Munfordville, Kentucky, in November and December 1862. It has become known as the "Battle for the Bridge," which began when the Union garrison led by John T. Wilder, prior to his assuming command of the 123rd, surrendered during the Battle of Munfordville.
The 123rd was initially assigned to the Army of the Ohio from September 1862 to November 1862, and then to the Army of the Cumberland from November 1862 to June 1865. The commanding general of the Army of the Cumberland was William Rosecrans. The regiment was in the 1st Brigade with Colonel Albert S. Hall, which was part of the 5th Division commanded by Brigadier General Joseph J. Reynolds, reporting to Major General George Henry Thomas.
Conversion to mounted infantry
In February and March 1863, it was converted to mounted infantry.[3] The 123rd Illinois' brigade became known as "Wilder's Lightning Brigade" commanded by Wilder. The brigade remained the 1st Brigade of the 5th Division, XIV Army Corps after its conversion. During this conversion, Spencer repeating rifles, invented by Christopher Spencer, were adopted as the command's primary weapon.
The new increase in firepower that the Spencer gave, allowed the 123rd and its brigade mates to see off numerically superior Confederate infantry and cavalry in several engagements. The weapon was estimated to allow the regiment to deliver five to seven times the firepower of muzzle-loading opponents.[4]
Tullahoma campaign
The 123rd first used its new rifles in the Battle of Hoover's Gap.[5] The brigade showed the advantage of their speed despite the weather by reaching the gap nearly 9 miles ahead of Thomas's main body.[6] Despite orders from the divisional commander, General Joseph J. Reynolds to fall back to his infantry, which was still six miles away, Wilder decided to take and hold the position.
The brigade surprised Confederate Colonel J. Russell Butler's 1st (3rd) Kentucky Cavalry Regiment at the entrance of the gap.[7] After driving them through the gap, the brigade found it outnumbered four-to-one.[8] The brigade entrenched and held this position.[6] The brigade, supported by Brig. Gen. Bushrod Johnson's brigade and some artillery, assaulted Wilder's position, but was driven back by the concentrated fire of the Spencers, losing 146 killed and wounded (almost a quarter of his force) to Wilder's 61. Colonel James Connolly, commander of the 123rd Illinois, wrote:
As soon as the enemy opened on us with their artillery we dismounted and formed line of battle on a hill just at the south entrance to the "Gap," and our battery of light artillery was opened on them, a courier was dispatched to the rear to hurry up reinforcements, our horses were sent back some distance out of the way of bursting shells, our regiment was assigned to support the battery, the other three regiments were properly disposed, and not a moment too soon, for these preparations were scarcely completed when the enemy opened on us a terrific fire of shot and shell from five different points, and their masses of infantry, with flags flying, moved out of the woods on our right in splendid style; there were three or four times our number already in sight and still others came pouring out of the woods beyond. Our regiment lay on the hill side in mud and water, the rain pouring down in torrents, while each shell screamed so close to us as to make it seem that the next would tear us to pieces.
Presently the enemy got near enough to us to make a charge on our battery, and on they came; our men are on their feet in an instant and a terrible fire from the "Spencers" causes the advancing regiment to reel and its colors fall to the ground, but in an instant their colors are up again and on they come, thinking to reach the battery before our guns can be reloaded, but they "reckoned without their host," they didn't know we had the "Spencers," and their charging yell was answered by another terrible volley, and another and another without cessation, until the poor regiment was literally cut to pieces, and but few men of that 20th Tennessee that attempted the charge will ever charge again. During all the rest of the fight at "Hoover's Gap" they never again attempted to take that battery. After the charge they moved four regiments around to our right and attempted to get in our rear, but they were met by two of our regiments posted in the woods, and in five minutes were driven back in the greatest disorder, with a loss of 250 killed and wounded.[9]
Chickamauga campaign
During the calamitous Chickamauga Campaign|Tullahoma Campaign, the 123rd and the rest of the Lightning Brigade, were one of the few positive results. The 123rd was sent to defend Alexander's Bridge over the Chickamauga on 17 September. The next day, 18 September, the Lightning Brigade blocked the crossing against the approach of W.H.T. Walker's Corps. Feeling quite confident in the advantage their Spencer repeating rifles gave them, the brigade held off a brigade of Brig. Gen. St. John Liddell's division, which suffered 105 casualties against Wilder's superior firepower.[10][11][12]
At around 14:00 on 19 September, the 123rd and its brigade spoiled the left column of the main rebel attack by severely mauling both Brig. Gen. John Gregg's brigade and Brig. Gen. Evander McNair's brigade. The attacking Confederates were surprised by the resolute, confident manner that the Lightning Brigade demonstrated in driving them back.[13][14][15]
Post Chickamauga
During the Siege of Chattanooga, the Lightning Brigade disbanded, and four of its regiments shifted to the Cavalry Corps where they served for the remainder of the war. The 123rd and the 72nd Indiana were sent to the 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Division.
During the Battle of Selma, First Lieutenant O. J. McManus, Sergeants J. S. Mullen and Henry E. Cross, Corporal McMurry and Privates Daniel Cook, John Bowman, Marion White and Henry Woodruff were killed, with 50 wounded, including Lieutenant Colonel Biggs, Adjutant L. B. Bane, Captains W. E. Adams and Owen Wiley, Lieutenants Alex. McNutt and J. R. Harding.
Late in the war, the regiment pursued Confederate General John Bell Hood.[16] The unit was instrumental in the capture of former Confederate capital Montgomery, Alabama.
In June 1865 new recruits and some veterans were transferred to the 61st Regiment as the 123rd prepared to disband.[17] Those who remained were mustered out June 27, 1865, by Captain L. M. Hosea and formally discharged at Springfield, Illinois, on July 11, 1865.
Total strength and casualties
The regiment lost during service three officers and 82 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and one officer and 133 enlisted men by disease for a total of 219.[18]
Commanders
Colonel James Monroe: September 6, 1862 – October 7, 1863 (killed at the Battle of Farmington)
Brigadier General of Volunteers James S. Jackson: October 1, 1862 – October 8, 1862 (killed at the Battle of Perryville)
Brigadier General of Volunteers William R. Terrill: September 9, 1862 – October 8, 1862 (killed at the Battle of Perryville)
Lt. Colonel James A. Connolly
Captain Oscar R. Bane
Colonel John T. Wilder: May 6, 1863 – November 1864 (resignation)
Brigadier General Kenner Garrard: May 20, 1864 – October 28, 1864
Major General James H. Wilson: October 28, 1864 – June 27, 1865
Officers
- Surgeon John Milton Phipps, July 2, 1863 – March 30, 1864.
- Sergeant John Hamilton Morgan[19]
See also
Notes
- ^ Reece (1902), p. 416.
- ^ Bits of Blue and Gray.
- ^ Sunderland (1984), p. 24.
- ^ Sunderland (1984), p. 21.
- ^ Sunderland (1969), p. 45.
- ^ a b Kennedy (1998), p. 225.
- ^ NPS Hoover's Gap.
- ^ ABT Hoovers Gap (2012); Sunderland (1984), p. 24.
- ^ ABT Hoovers Gap (2012); Connolly (1959), p. 92
The regiment served quite well through the remainder of the campaign. - ^ Cozzens (1992), p. 198; Esposito (1959), p. 112; Kennedy (1998), p. 230; Woodworth (1998), p. 83.
- ^ & Eicher, McPherson, & McPherson (2001), p. 581.
- ^ Robertson, Blue & Gray, Dec 2006, p. 46–50.
- ^ Cozzens (1992), p. 199–200; Korn (1985), p. 48; Tucker (1961), p. 166, 172–73; Woodworth (1998), p. 92.
- ^ & Eicher, McPherson, & McPherson (2001), p. 582–83.
- ^ Robertson, Blue & Gray, Jun 2007, p. 44–45.
- ^ Sixteenth Confederate Cavalry.
- ^ GlobalSecurity.org 1st Battalion, 123d Infantry
- ^ Dyer (1908), p. 1098.
- ^ Thiriot, TheAncestorFiles.
Bibliography
- Baumgartner, Richard A. (2007). Blue Lightning: Wilder's Mounted Brigade in the Battle of Chickamauga (1st ed.). Huntington, WV: Blue Acorn Press. p. 389. ISBN 978-1-885033-35-2. OCLC 232639520.
- Connolly, James A. (1959). Angle, Paul McClelland (ed.). Three Years in the Army of the Cumberland: The Letters and Diary of Major James A. Connolly (1st ed.). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 978-0-527-19000-2. OCLC 906602437.
- Connolly, James A. (2012). "Primary Sources: The Road to Chickamauga". www.battlefields.org. Washington, DC: American Battlefield Trust.
- Connelly, Thomas L (1971). Autumn of Glory: The Army of Tennessee 1862–1865 (PDF) (1st ed.). Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-0445-3. OCLC 1147753151.
- Cozzens, Peter (1992). This Terrible Sound: The Battle of Chickamauga (PDF) (1st ed.). Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06594-1. OCLC 1147753151.
- Daniel, Larry J.; Lamers, William M. (1961). The Edge of Glory: A Biography of General William S. Rosecrans, U.S.A. (1st ed.). New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace & World. ISBN 978-0-8071-2396-6. OCLC 906813341.
- Duke, Basil Wilson (1906). Morgan's Cavalry (PDF) (1st ed.). New York, NY & Washington, DC: Neale Pub. Co. p. 441. OCLC 35812648.
- Dyer, Frederick Henry (1908). A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion (PDF) (1st ed.). Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co. p. 1098. ASIN B01BUFJ76Q.
- Eddy, Thomas Mears (1865). The Patriotism of Illinois (PDF). Vol. I (1st ed.). Chicago, IL: Clark & Company. p. 642. LCCN 02012789. OCLC 85800687. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- Eddy, Thomas Mears (1866). The Patriotism of Illinois (PDF). Vol. II (1st ed.). Chicago, IL: Clark & Company. p. 734. LCCN 02012789. OCLC 85800687. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- Eicher, David J.; McPherson, James M.; McPherson, James Alan (2001). The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York City: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-1846-9. OCLC 892938160.
- Esposito, Vincent J. (1959). West Point Atlas of American Wars (1st ed.). New York City: Frederick A. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8050-3391-5. OCLC 60298522. Archived from the original on August 29, 2012.
- Frisby, Derek W. (2000). Heidler, David S.; Heidler, Jeanne T. (eds.). Tullahoma Campaign. Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History. Vol. IV. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. –2733. ISBN 978-0-393-04758-5. OCLC 317783094.
- Garrison, Graham; Pierson, Parke; Shoaf, Dana B. (March 2003). "Lightning at Chickamauga". America's Civil War. 16 (1). Historynet LLC: 46–54. ISSN 1046–2899. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
{{cite journal}}
: Check|issn=
value (help) - Hallock, Judith Lee (1991). Braxton Bragg and Confederate Defeat, Volume 2 (1st ed.). Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-585-13897-8. OCLC 1013879782.
- Illinois National Guard. "1st Battalion, 123d Infantry". globalsecurity.org. Alexandria, VA: GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved April 4, 2020.
- Jared, Grace Heminger (2008). "Story of Corporal William". Bits of Blue and Gray: An American Civil War Notebook. San Francisco, CA: Jayne McCormick. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008.
- Jordan, Hubert (July 1997). "Battle of Chickamauga: Colonel John Wilder's Lightning Brigade Prevented Total Disaster". America's Civil War. 10 (3). Historynet LLC: 44–49. ISSN 1046–2899. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
{{cite journal}}
: Check|issn=
value (help) - Kennedy, Frances H., ed. (1998). The Civil War Battlefield Guide (Kindle) (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0-395-74012-6. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
- Korn, Jerry (1985). The Fight for Chattanooga: Chickamauga to Missionary Ridge. The Civil War. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books. ISBN 978-0-8173-9185-0. OCLC 34581283.
- Lyons, Ron. "Battle Near Rome, Georgia, October 12, 1864". 16thconfederatecavalry.com. Studio199. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
- McWhiney, Grady (1991). Braxton Bragg and Confederate Defeat, Volume 1 (1st ed.). Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-0545-1. LCCN 91003554. OCLC 799285151.
- Martin, Samuel J. (2011). General Braxton Bragg, C.S.A. (2013 Kindle ed.). Jefferson, NC: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5934-6. OCLC 617425048.
- Reece, Jasper Newton , Brig Gen, Adjutant General (1902). Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Illinois (1900–1902) (PDF). Vol. VI. Springfield, IL: Phillips Bros., State Printer. pp. 395–421. OCLC 1052542476. Retrieved April 4, 2020.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Robertson, William Glenn (2010). "Bull of the Woods? James Longstreet at Chickamauga". In Woodworth, Steven E. (ed.). The Chickamauga Campaign. Civil War Campaigns in the West (2011 Kindle ed.). Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-8093-8556-0. OCLC 649913237.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Robertson, William Glenn (January 2006). "The Chickamauga Campaign: The Fall of Chattanooga". Blue & Gray Magazine. XXIII (136). Columbus, OH: Blue & Gray Enterprises. ISSN 0741-2207.
- Robertson, William Glenn (June 2006). "The Chickamauga Campaign: McLemore's Cove – Bragg's Lost Opportunity". Blue & Gray Magazine. XXIII (138). Columbus, OH: Blue & Gray Enterprises. ISSN 0741-2207.
- Robertson, William Glenn (December 2006). "The Chickamauga Campaign: The Armies Collide". Blue & Gray Magazine. XXIV (141). Columbus, OH: Blue & Gray Enterprises. ISSN 0741-2207.
- Robertson, William Glenn (June 2007). "The Chickamauga Campaign: The Battle of Chickamauga, Day 1". Blue & Gray Magazine. XXIV (144). Columbus, OH: Blue & Gray Enterprises. ISSN 0741-2207.
- Robertson, William Glenn (October 2007). "The Chickamauga Campaign: The Battle of Chickamauga, Day 2". Blue & Gray Magazine. XXV (146). Columbus, OH: Blue & Gray Enterprises. ISSN 0741-2207.
- Smith, Derek (2005). The Gallant Dead : Union and Confederate Generals Killed in the Civil War (2011 Kindle ed.). Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-4872-8. OCLC 1022792759.
{{cite book}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - Starr, Stephen Z. (1985). The War in the West, 1861–1865. The Union Cavalry in the Civil War. Vol. III (1st ed.). Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-1209-0. OCLC 769318010.
- Stuntz, Margaret L. (July 1997). "Lightning Strike at the Gap". America's Civil War. 10 (3). Historynet LLC: 50–57. ISSN 1046–2899. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
{{cite journal}}
: Check|issn=
value (help) - Sunderland, Glenn W. (1969). Lightning at Hoover's Gap: the Story of Wilder's Brigade (1st ed.). London, UK: Thomas Yoseloff. ISBN 0-498-06795-5. OCLC 894765669.
- Sunderland, Glenn W. (1984). Wilder's Lightning Brigade and Its Spencer Repeaters. Washington, IL: Bookworks. ISBN 9996886417. OCLC 12549273.
- Thiriot, Amy Tanner (February 2009). "Morgan 4: John Morgan Funeral Address, Part 1 of 3". theancestorfiles.blogspot.com. TheAncestorFiles. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- Thomas, Edison H. (1985). John Hunt Morgan and His Raiders. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-1-306-18437-3. OCLC 865156740.
- Tucker, Glenn (1961). Chickamauga: Bloody Battle in the West (2015 Kindle ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill Co. ISBN 978-1-78625-115-2. OCLC 933587418.
{{cite book}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - Woodworth, Steven E. (1998). Six Armies in Tennessee: The Chickamauga and Chattanooga Campaigns (2015 Kindle ed.). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-9813-2. OCLC 50844494.
{{cite book}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - U.S. National Park Service. "NPS Hoover's Gap Battle Description". nps.gov. U.S. National Park Service. Archived from the original on September 13, 2013. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
- U.S. National Park Service. "Chickamauga Battle Description". nps.gov. U.S. National Park Service. Archived from the original on September 13, 2013. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
- U.S. War Department (1889). Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. January 21 – August 10, 1863. – Reports. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXIII-XXXV-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1889). Operations in Kentucky, Middle and East Tennessee, North Alabama, and Southwest Virginia. January 21 – August 10, 1863. – Reports. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXIII-XXXV-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1899). Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. August 11-October 19, 1863. – Part I Reports. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXX-XLII-I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1899). Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. August 11-October 19, 1863. – Part II Reports. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXX-XLII-II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
- U.S. War Department (1899). Operations in Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, North Alabama, and North Georgia. August 11-October 19, 1863. – Part III Union Correspondence, etc. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Vol. XXX-XLII-III. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 857196196.
External links
- Wilder's Brigade Mounted Infantry Living History Society (Archived 2009-10-19)
- The First Battle of Selma Archived May 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- Sherman's Fifth Corps