Conquests of Inal the Great

Inal, who then ruled Western Circassia, organized a campaign to Eastern Circassia in 1434 and established the Kabardia province, named after his military general, Kabard. Inal organized a new campaign to the north in 1438 and drove out the Turkic nomads near the Circassian settlements north of the Kuban River along the Ten River and expanded his borders to modern-day Azov.

The Conquests of Inal the Great
Part of Circassian-Turkic conflicts
Date 1434-1441 Location Caucasus Result Circassian victory •Turks are leaving Kuban and Kabarda •Annexation of the Kuban and part of the Don •Annexation of Eastern Circassia •Subordination of the Turkic peoples (Karachai, Balkars)
Belligerents
Crimean Khanate Golden Horde Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Georgia Karachay Balkar Turkic nomads	Circassia Kingdom of Abkhazia
Commanders and leaders
Murad II Hacı I Giray Küchük Muhammad	Inal the Great of Circassia
Strength
20.000-100.000	30.000-150.000
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Unknown

References

¹ PRENSLERİN PRENSİ İNAL NEKHU (PŞILERİN PŞISI İNAL NEKHU)

² Взгляд на османские и кавказские дела³ The Legendary Circassian Prince Inal, by Vitaliy Shtybin

⁴ Abkhaz World

Before the war

Before Inal seized suzerainty, Henry XIV.By the end of the century, the offensive of the armies of Topal Emir (Aksak Timur) into the North Caucasus was a serious test. The Circassians, together with the Tatar prince Tokhtamysh, fought a major battle against the armies of the Topal Emir Temir.They defeated the looted army of the Lame Emir and inflicted heavy losses.In 1345, the Lame Temir chose to attack the Circassian state again, which had put up great resistance to him, rather than destroy Moscow. From the upper side of the Caucasus, he crossed the Ten (Don) River and entered our lands.Despite all his perseverance and desires, the enemy was not destined to capture the Circassian lands.But they did a lot of damage. The Circassians suffered huge human losses, burned and destroyed cities, and destroyed the economy. For these evil reasons, the unity of the Circassians and their unity were destroyed.Everyone started doing what they wanted on their own, they started not getting along with each other, eventually they started hurting each other.

Wanting to take advantage of this situation, the Genoese fortresses on the banks of the Akhyn River, located on the territory of Circassia, moved freely through Circassian lands, moved through Circassian cities as they pleased, took power into their own hands and began to live in the Circassian state.Throughout history, he lived in freedom, in the XIII century.-XIV. There was a danger that the Circassian state, which even the Mongols could not capture for centuries, would come under the rule of Genoese fortresses.

Prince Inal saved the Circassian people from such a dangerous and difficult situation.All the Grand Dukes wanted from all Circassians who had reached adolescence was to restore the unity of the Circassian people and restore the former power and dignity of the people.With this in mind, Inal first created his own army.By himself, the commandment began to fight with the Circassians, who did what he wanted, his goal was to seize suzerainty, unite all Circassian lands and create a great state.

The conflict

After Inal turned the Circassian lands into a single state, all Circassian armies came under his command.Using this army, he began to counteract the enemy.XIII. He attacked the Tatars, who had inhabited the Circassian lands for centuries, and pursued them to the Ten River.Meanwhile, the commander of the army, Tambi Kabarda, granted freedom to the Circassians who settled on the banks of the Kuban River.

In his battles, Inal captured up to thirty military leaders.He ordered the execution of some princes who opposed him in order to force him to accept his leadership. When the Circassian people understood Inal's good intentions, people began to help him in everything, accepting what he said as an order.

To prove his respect for Kabarda and her army, Prince Inal Tambi called the Circassians who lived on the eastern bank of the Kuban River Kabardians. For a long time he was the head of the fortress built on the banks of the Tambi-Kabardian Beam. yaşadi.If he had the same reputation as Tambi Kabarda, he would have remained a Legolese. After a certain time, the leadership of Kabarda passed to the children of Inala.

After Inal expelled the Tatars from the Circassian lands, he launched a war against the Genoese. They did not have the strength to resist the Circassian army, but the fortresses in which they were hiding were very difficult to capture.Despite all the difficulties, Inal insisted on capturing all the Genoese castles except Humeren Castle.The Khumeren fortress was located near the source of the Kuban River, it was a powerful fortress located at the foot of the mountain between Georgia and the road to Abkhazia.

After several attacks, the Circassian armies also managed to expel the Genoese from the fortress of Humeren. It can be said that after this event, all the Genoese fortresses came under the rule of the Circassians. He did not touch the Genoese fortresses on the banks of the Inal Ahin River, these fortresses were both obedient and useful in commercial matters.At the same time, a large number of Circassians lived there.

However, the Abkhazian Prince Ozdemir, unwilling to join the board of Inal, began a war against Inal.In this battle, Ozdemiri was defeated, and the battle ended with Ozdemiri's death.Then Inal entered the territory of Abkhazia.After this incident, the Abkhazians accepted the suzerainty of Inala. At that time, the Megrelian king invaded Abkhazia and wanted to take the Abkhazians under his rule.

In 1433-34, Inal attacked Megrel and completely cleared them of the Abkhazian lands.After Inal fully recognized his rule in Abkhazia, he lived in Abkhazia for a long time and died there. They buried him on a 1,200-meter-high mountain, which they named the Pshu da ‘Inala Sightseeing Trail'.The place that the Abkhazians call the "Inala excursion route", and to this day they consider it valuable and protect it.In more ancient times, Circassians came to the "Inala excursion path", offered sacrifices to him, made offerings, and prayed for Inala.

Result

Thus, the kingdom founded by Inal was divided among his sons.Later, although they did not live in their own principality, when great things happened, they gathered together and were in solidarity. Circassian princes have always proudly said that they descended from Inala. Thanks to him, they got along. What Inal did to the Circassians was of such great value.XIX .Until a century ago, there was no one in the entire Caucasus more powerful than the Circassians, who owned territories larger than the Circassian state.