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The Judge Advocate of the Fleet was an appointed civilian judge who was responsible for the supervision and superintendence of the court martial system in the Royal Navy from 1663 to 2008.
History
The position dates to the sixteenth century but was filled on an occasional basis until 1663 when it became a permanent role. Appointments were by Admiralty Order and included an annual stipend worth £146 between 1663 and 1666, and £182 thereafter. From 1824 the Judge Advocate jointly held the office of Counsel to the Admiralty .[ 1] later styled as Counsel to the Navy Department, Ministry of Defence. A remunerated position of Deputy Judge Advocate existed from 1668 to 1679, and again from 1684 to 1831.[ 1]
Until 2004 the Judge Advocate shared responsibility for the naval court martial system with the Chief Naval Judge Advocate previously known as the Deputy Judge Advocate of the Fleet, a legally trained serving naval officer who was responsible for the appointment of judge advocates. However the Chief Naval Judge Advocate's post was abolished in 2004[ 2] following a ruling by the European Court of Human Rights that held that, as a serving naval officer, his position was insufficiently independent .[ 3]
The role of Judge Advocate of the Fleet was taken over by the Judge Advocate General from 2004 onwards.[ 4] It was formally abolished on 31 December 2008 under the Armed Forces Act 2006 .[ 5]
Judge Advocates of the Fleet
1663 J. Fowler[ 1]
1672 J. Brisbane[ 1]
1680 H. Croone[ 1]
1689 P. Foster[ 1]
1689 F. Bacher[ 1]
1690 Villiers Bathurst [ 1]
1711 W. Strahan[ 1]
1714 E. Honywood[ 1]
1724 J. Copeland[ 1]
1729 T. Hawes[ 1]
1743 T. Kempe[ 1]
1744 Charles Fearne[ 1]
1768 Sir George Jackson, Bt. , MP (Sir George Duckett, Bt. from 1797)[ 1]
1824 Horace Twiss, KC, MP[ 1]
1828 Henry John Shepherd, QC[ 1]
1845 Richard Godson , QC, MP[ 1]
1849 Richard Budden Crowder , QC, MP[ 1]
1854 Thomas Phinn [ 1]
1855 William Atherton , QC, MP[ 1]
1859 Robert Porrett Collier , QC[ 1]
1863 Thomas Phinn , QC[ 1]
1866 John Walter Huddleston , KC[ 1]
1875–1904 Alexander Staveley Hill , KC[ 6]
1904–1924 Sir Reginald Brodie Dyke Acland , KC[ 7]
1924-1933 Charles Murray Pitman , KC[ 8]
1933 John Graham Trapnell , KC
1943 John Lhind Pratt
1945 Hon. Ewen Edward Samuel Montagu , CBE, QC
1973 William McLaren Howard , QC
1986 HHJ Andrew Felix Waley , VRD, QC
1995 HHJ John Lionel Sessions
2004 Moribund
2008 Abolished
Deputy Judge Advocates of the Fleet
1668 J. Smith
1675 J. Southerne
1677 W. Hewer
1684 J. Walbanke
1687 S. Atkins
1689 M. Tindall
1692 S. Pett
1693 J. Burchett
1694 G. Larkin
1697 J. Fawler
1703 W. Rock
1707 M. Ferrabosco
1707 E. Honywood
1714 J. Copeland
1724 W. Bell
1740 T. Kempe
1743 Charles Fearne
1744 E. Mason
1745 G. Atkins
1754 J. Clevland
1762 R. Higgens
1780 T. Binsteed
1804 M. Greetham
1843 G. L. Greetham
1856 W. J. Hellyer
1861 W. Eastlake
References
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x J.C. Sainty (1975). "Judge Advocate of the Fleet 1663-1870" . Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 4: Admiralty Officials 1660-1870 . Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 6 December 2015 .
^ Naval Discipline Act 1957 (Remedial) Order 2004, SI 2004/66 Archived 2008-10-12 at the Wayback Machine
^ Grieves v. United Kingdom (N° 57067/00)
Judgment 16.12.2003 [Grand Chamber]
^ "Military Justice" . Judiciary of England and Wales. 2008. Archived from the original on 13 April 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008 .
^ S.272(2)/ Sch.8; s.378(2)/ Sch.17; Armed Forces Act 2006 (Commencement No. 2) Order 2007, SI 2007/2913 Archived 2008-09-08 at the Wayback Machine
^ Debrett, John (1901). Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage . London: Dean & Son Ltd. p. 361.
^ Debrett, John (1922). Arthur G. M. Hesilrige (ed.). Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage . London: Dean & Son Ltd. p. 375.
^ Mr. C. M. Pitman, K.C. The Times (London, England), Friday, Oct 15, 1948; pg. 7; Issue 51203. (471 words)
political head ministers governance military head office of the first sea lord under Vice & Deputy Chief of Naval Staff Air, Operations, Plans, Policy requirements, warfare naval staff directorates offices & branches naval personnel naval personnel department controller controllers department navy controllerate naval supplies and transport fleet support hq naval support command under naval supplies and transport fleet support hq naval support command chief scientists department under chief scientists department
Royal Naval Scientific Service Headquarters
Admiralty Compass Observatory
Department of Naval Physical Research
Department of Research and Development Services (Naval)
Department of Material Research (Naval)
Director-General Establishments, Resources and Programmes A
Signals Research and Development Establishment
Director-General Research Electronics
Services Electronics Research Laboratory
naval home command Shore units under Naval Home Command
Admiral-Superintendent, Devonport
Admiral-superintendent, Portsmouth
Admiral Commanding, Reserves
Commodore, Clyde Submarine Base
Chief Executive Officer Marine Services
Flag Officer Commanding, Royal Yachts
Flag Officer, Medway
Flag Officer, Plymouth
Port Admiral, Devonport
Flag Officer, Portsmouth and Admiral-superintendent, Portsmouth
Flag Officer Spithead and Port Admiral Portsmouth
Flag Officer, Training and Recruitment
Senior Naval Officer, Northern Ireland
Fleets under c-in-c, fleet
Chief of Staff Fleet
Chief of Staff, (Warfare) Fleet
Chief of Staff (Capability) Fleet
Chief of Staff (Personnel) Fleet
Assistant Chief of Staff, Operations
Assistant Chief of Staff, Plans
Assistant Chief of Staff, Warfare
Command Secretary, Fleet
Commandant General Royal Marines
Commander British Forces Gibraltar
Commander Operations
Commander UK Amphibious Forces
Commander United Kingdom Maritime Forces
Flag Officer, Carriers and Amphibious Ships
Flag Officer First Flotilla
Flag Officer, Second Flotilla
Flag Officer, Third Flotilla
Flag Officer, Surface Flotilla
Flag Officer Gibraltar and Gibraltar Naval Base Commander
Flag Officer Scotland, Northern England, Northern Ireland
Flag Officer Scotland and Northern Ireland
Flag Officer Plymouth
Flag Officer Sea Training
Flag Officer Submarines
Flag Officer Naval Air Command
Flag Officer, Flying Training
Flag Officer, Naval Flying Training
under c-in-c home fleet, far east fleet mediterranean fleet, western fleet civil administration navy department under civil administration
Department of the Permanent Under-Secretary of State (Royal Navy)
Department of the Permanent Under-Secretary of State (Administration)
Greenwich Hospital Department
Naval Legal
Direction and control of Admiralty and Naval affairs Boards and offices under the First Lord Direction of Admirals Naval/Sea Lords War and Naval Staff Secretariat and staff under the First Sea Lord Operational planning, policy strategy, tactical doctrine requirements Divisions and sections under the War and Naval Staff Offices of the Sea Lords Admiralty civil departments and organisations under the Sea Lords
Admiralty Area Cash Offices
Admiralty Central Dockyard Laboratory
Admiralty Central Metallurgical Laboratory
Admiralty Civilian Shore Wireless Service
Admiralty Compass Observatory
Admiralty Constabulary
Admiralty Constabulary Headquarters
Admiralty Engineering Laboratory
Admiralty Experimental Station
Admiralty Experiment Works
Admiralty Gunnery Establishment
Admiralty Interview Board
Admiralty Labour Department
Admiralty Marine Technology Establishment
Admiralty Materials Laboratory
Admiralty Mine Design Department
Admiralty Mining Establishment
Admiralty Naval Aircraft Materials Laboratory
Admiralty Record Office
Admiralty Regional Offices
Admiralty Research Laboratory
Admiralty Signal Establishment
Admiralty Signals and Radar Establishment
Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment
Admiralty Surveying Service
Admiralty Torpedo Experimental Establishment
Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment
Admiralty Underwater Weapons Launching Establishment
Architectural and Engineering Works Department
Air Equipment and Naval Photography Department
Air Department
Air Materiel Department
Air Personnel Department
Amphibious Warfare Headquarters
Armament Supply Department
Board of Invention and Research
Board of Longitude
Boom Defence Department
Boom Defence and Marine Salvage Department
Britannia Royal Naval College
Chemical Board
Chemical Department
Civil Catering Department
Civil Engineer in Chiefs Department
Coastguard and Reserves Branch
Combined Operations Headquarters
Commissioner for Property and Income-tax for the Naval Department
Compass Department
Contract and Purchase Department
Council of Naval Education
Dental Examining Board
Department of Radio Equipment
Department of the Accountant-General of the Navy
Department of Aeronautical and Engineering Research
Department of Miscellaneous Weapons Development
Department of Naval Assistant (Foreign) to Second Sea Lord
Department of Naval Education
Operational Research
Department of Personal Services and Officer Appointments
Department of Physical Research
Department of Physical Training & Sports
Department of Radio Equipment
Department of Research Programmes and Planning
Department of Superintendent of de-magnetisation
Department of the Admiral of the Training Service
Department of the Chief Inspector of Naval Ordnance
Department of the Chief of Naval Information
Department of the Chief Scientist
Department of the Civil Engineer-in-Chief
Department of the Comptroller of Steam Machinery
Department of the Comptroller of Victualling and Transport Services
Department of the Controller of the Navy
Department of the Controller-General of Merchant Shipbuilding
Department of the Controller for Navy Pay
Department of the Deputy Controller for Auxiliary Shipbuilding
Department of the Deputy Controller for Dockyards and Shipbuilding
Department of the Director Contract-Built Ships
Department of the Director-General Aircraft
Department of the Director-General of Manpower
Department of the Director-General, Supply and Secretariat Branch
Department of the Director of Aircraft Maintenance and Repair
Department of the Director of Contract Labour
Department of the Director of Dockyards
Department of the Director of Electrical Engineering
Department of the Director of Manning
Department of the Director of Merchant Shipbuilding
Department of the Director of Merchant Shipbuilding and Repairs
Department of the Director of Merchant Ship Repairs
Department of the Director of Naval Construction
Department of the Director of Naval Equipment
Department of the Director of Naval Recruiting
Department of the Director of Naval Weather Service
Department of the Director of Personal Services
Department of the Director of Physical Training and Sports
Department of the Director of Torpedoes and Mining
Department of the Director of Transports
Department of the Director of Underwater Weapons
Department of the Director of Underwater Weapons Materials
Department of the Director of Unexploded Bombs
Department of the Director of Warship Production
Department of the Director of Welfare and Service Conditions
Department of the Director of Wreck Dispersal
Department of the Flag Officer Sea Training
Department of the Engineer in Chief
Department of the Paymaster Director-General
Department of the Inspector of Anti-Aircraft Weapons
Department of the Inspector of Dockyard Expense Accounts
Department of the Inspector-General of Naval Hospitals and Fleets
Department of the Medical Director-General of the Navy
Department of the Physician of the Navy
Department of the Physician General of the Navy
Department of the Storekeeper-General of the Navy
Department of the Surveyor of Buildings
Department of the Surveyor of Dockyards
Directorate-General, (Naval Manpower and Training)
Directorate General Training
Dockyards and Fleet Maintenance Department
Dockyards Branch
Dockyard Expense Accounts Department
Dockyard Schools
Electrical Engineering Department
Engineer Branch
Engineering Department
Experimental Department
Fire Control Group
Greenwich Hospital Department
Inspector of Telegraphs
Inspector of Repairs
Joint Warfare Establishment
Medical Consultative Board
Medical Examining Board
Historical Section
Hydrographic Department
Marine Department
Marine Pay Department
Materials and Priority Department
Medical Consultative Board
Medical Department
Medical Examining Board
Movements Department
Nautical Almanac Office
Naval Artillery and Torpedo Department
Naval Engineering College
Naval Equipment Department
Naval Historical Branch
Naval Construction Department
Naval Intelligence Department
Naval Medical Service
Naval Law Division
Naval Manpower Department
Naval Mobilisation Department
Naval Ordnance Department
Naval Ordnance Inspection Department
Naval Ordnance Stores Department
Naval Personnel Services and Officer Appointments Department
Naval Publicity Department
Naval Regional Offices
Naval Reserve Department
Naval Security Department
Naval Stores Department
Naval Training Department
Naval Works Department
Navy, Army and Air Force Institute
Navy and Army Canteen Board
Navy Works Department
Navigation Department
Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope
Office of the Admiral Commanding Coast Guard and Reserves
Office of the Admiral Commanding, Reserves
Office of the Admiralty Chemist
Office of the Adviser on the Naval Construction to the Board of Admiralty
Office of the Assistant Controller
Office of the Assistant Controller Research and Development
Office of the Clerk of the Journals
Office of the Chief Polaris Executive
Office of the Deputy Controller of Navy
Office of the Deputy Controller Production
Office of Extra Naval Assistant to Second Sea Lord
Office of the Inspector Gun Mountings
Office of the Keeper of Records
Office of the Senior Psychologist (Naval)
Office of the Senior Psychologist of the Navy
Office of the Translator of French and Spanish Languages
Office of the Vice Controller Air
Office of the Vice Controller of the Navy
Organisation and Methods Department
Packet Service
Regional Organisation for Merchant Shipbuilding and Repairs
Royal Corps of Naval Constructors
Royal Flying Corps
Royal Marine Police
Royal Marines Office
Office of the Chaplain of the Fleet
Royal Naval Academy
Royal Naval Aircraft Workshops
Royal Naval Air Service
Royal Naval Air Stations
Royal Naval Armaments Depot
Royal Naval Auxiliary Service
Royal Naval Cordite Factories
Royal Naval Propellant Factory
Royal Naval College
Royal Naval College and the School for Naval Architecture
Royal Naval College, Dartmouth
Royal Naval College, Greenwich
Royal Naval College, Keyham
Royal Naval College, Osborne
Royal Naval Engineering College
Royal Naval Film Corporation
Royal Naval Hospital
Royal Naval Medical Depot
Royal Naval Minewatching Service
Royal Naval Mine Depot
Royal Naval Patrol Service
Royal Naval Scientific Service
Royal Naval Sick Quarters
Royal Naval Torpedo Depot
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve
Royal Naval War College
Royal Naval War College, Portsmouth
Royal Navy Dockyard
Royal Navy Medical Service
Royal Navy Shore Signal Service
Royal Observatory, Greenwich
Royal School of Naval Architecture
Salvage Department
School of Mathematics and Naval Construction
Scientific Research and Experiment Department
Sea Transport Branch
Sea Transport Department
Sea Transport Division
Ship Department
Ship Design Department
Signal Department
Signal School
Sixpenny Office
Statistics Department
Steam Department
Superintendent of De-magnetisation
Torpedo Experimental Establishment
Transport Department
Undersurface Warfare Department
Victualling Department
Volunteer Boys and Cadet Corps
Weapons Department
Weapons Department (Naval)
Women's Royal Naval Service
Wireless Telegraphy Board
Direction/Command of the Fleet Naval formations after 1707
1st Fleet
2nd Fleet
3rd Fleet
Commander-in-Chief, Africa
Atlantic Fleet
Commodore, Arabian Seas and Persian Gulf
Australia Station
Cape of Good Hope Station
Cape and West Africa Station
Battle Cruiser Fleet
Battle Cruiser Force
Caspian Flotilla
Channel Fleet
Channel Squadron
Commander-in-Chief, Coast of Ireland
Cork Station
Coast of Scotland
Commander-in-Chief, China
Commander-in-Chief, Dover
Flag Officer, East Africa
East Indies Station
East Indies and China Station
Eastern Fleet
Far East Fleet
English Channel
Grand Fleet
Flag Officer Gibraltar
Harwich Force
Home Fleet
Jamaica Station
Leith Station
Commander-in-Chief, Levant
Levant and East Mediterranean
Commander-in-Chief, Leeward Islands
Mediterranean Fleet
Medway
Newfoundland Station
New Zealand Division
New Zealand Naval Forces
Nore
North America and West Indies Station
Commander-in-Chief, North Sea
Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands
Pacific Fleet
Pacific Station
Admiral of Patrols
Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth
Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth
Queenstown Station
Royal East African Navy
Royal Indian Navy
Flag Officer Submarines
Commander-in-Chief, Rosyth
Reserve Fleet
Scotland and Northern Ireland
Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic
South East Coast of America Station
Commander-in-Chief, Thames and Medway
West Africa Squadron
Flag Officer, West Africa
Commander-in-Chief, Western Approaches
Naval formations before 1707 Direction of Naval Finance Departments under the Parliamentary and Financial Secretary Direction of Naval Administration and the Admiralty Secretariat Branches and offices under the Permanent Secretary Civil Administration Departments under the Civil Lords Legal
Leadership Components
History and future Operating forces Fleet Ships Administration Senior officers Personnel and training Equipment Former leadership