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Gemini (language model)

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Gemini
Developer(s)Google DeepMind
Initial releaseDecember 6, 2023; 8 months ago (2023-12-06)
Available inEnglish
TypeLarge language model
LicenseProprietary
Websitegemini.google.com Edit this on Wikidata

Gemini is a family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind, serving as the successor to LaMDA and PaLM 2. It was announced on December 6, 2023, positioned as a contender to OpenAI's GPT-4.

History

Development

Further information: Bard (chatbot) § Background

Google announced Gemini, a large language model (LLM) developed by subsidiary Google DeepMind, during the Google I/O keynote on May 10, 2023. It was positioned as a more powerful successor to PaLM 2, which was also unveiled at the event, with Google CEO Sundar Pichai stating that Gemini was still in its early developmental stages.[1][2] Unlike other LLMs, Gemini was said to be unique in that it was not trained on a text corpus alone and was designed to be multimodal, meaning it could process multiple types of data simultaneously, including text, images, audio, video, and computer code.[3][4] It was developed as a collaboration between DeepMind and Google Brain, two branches of Google that had been merged as Google DeepMind the previous month.[5] In an interview with Wired, DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis touted Gemini's advanced capabilities, which he believed would allow the algorithm to trump OpenAI's ChatGPT, which runs on GPT-4 and whose growing popularity had been aggressively challenged by Google with LaMDA and Bard. Hassabis highlighted the strengths of DeepMind's AlphaGo program, which gained worldwide attention in 2016 when it defeated Go champion Lee Sedol, saying that Gemini would combine the power of AlphaGo and other Google–DeepMind LLMs.[6]

In August 2023, The Information published a report outlining Google's roadmap for Gemini, revealing that the company was targeting a launch date of late 2023. According to the report, Google hoped to surpass OpenAI and other competitors by combining conversational text capabilities present in most LLMs with artificial intelligence-powered image generation, allowing it to create contextual images and be adapted for a wider range of use cases.[7] Like Bard,[8] Google co-founder Sergey Brin was summoned out of semi-retirement to assist in the development of Gemini, along with hundreds of other engineers from Google Brain and DeepMind.[7][9] Because Gemini was being trained on transcripts of YouTube videos, lawyers were also brought in to filter out any potentially copyrighted materials.[7] Dylan Patel and Daniel Nishball of research firm SemiAnalysis penned a blog post declaring that the release of Gemini would "eat the world" and outclass GPT-4, prompting OpenAI CEO Sam Altman to ridicule the duo on X (formerly Twitter).[10][11] Elon Musk, who co-founded OpenAI, weighed in, asking, "Are the numbers wrong?"[12]

With news of Gemini's impending launch, OpenAI hastened its work on integrating GPT-4 with multimodal features similar to those of Gemini.[13] The Information reported in September that several companies had been granted early access to "an early version" of the LLM, which Google intended to make available to clients through Google Cloud's Vertex AI service. The publication also stated that Google was arming Gemini to compete with both GPT-4 and Microsoft's GitHub Copilot.[14][15] On December 2, it reported that Google had delayed Gemini's launch from the following week to January 2024 due to problems with non-English prompts, adding that three launch events had been planned in New York City, Washington, D.C., and California.[16][17]

Launch

On December 6, 2023, Pichai and Hassabis announced "Gemini 1.0", touted as Google's "largest and most capable AI model", via an online press release.[18][19] It comprised three models: Gemini Ultra, designed for "highly complex tasks"; Gemini Pro, designed for "wide range of tasks"; and Gemini Nano, designed for "on-device tasks". At launch, Gemini Pro and Nano were integrated into Bard and the Pixel 8 Pro smartphone, respectively, while Gemini Ultra was to power "Bard Advanced" in early 2024.[19][20]

Reception

Prior to its launch, Hugh Langley of Business Insider remarked that Gemini would be a make-or-break moment for Google, writing: "If Gemini dazzles, it will help Google change the narrative that it was blindsided by Microsoft and OpenAI. If it disappoints, it will embolden critics who say Google has fallen behind."[21]

References

  1. ^ Grant, Nico (May 10, 2023). "Google Builds on Tech's Latest Craze With Its Own A.I. Products". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
  2. ^ Ortiz, Sabrina (May 10, 2023). "Every major AI feature announced at Google I/O 2023". ZDNet. Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
  3. ^ Wankhede, Calvin (June 4, 2023). "What is Google Gemini: The next-gen language model that can do it all". Android Authority. Archived from the original on June 5, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
  4. ^ Milmo, Dan (December 6, 2023). "Google says new AI model Gemini outperforms ChatGPT in most tests". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  5. ^ Levy, Steven (September 11, 2023). "Sundar Pichai on Google;s AI, Microsoft's AI, OpenAI, and ... Did We Mention AI?". Wired. Archived from the original on September 11, 2023. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
  6. ^ Knight, Will (June 26, 2023). "Google DeepMind's CEO Says Its Next Algorithm Will Eclipse ChatGPT". Wired. Archived from the original on June 26, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
  7. ^ a b c Victor, Jon (August 15, 2023). "How Google is Planning to Beat OpenAI". The Information. Archived from the original on August 15, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
  8. ^ Grant, Nico (January 20, 2023). "Google Calls In Help From Larry Page and Sergey Brin for A.I. Fight". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  9. ^ Kruppa, Miles; Seetharaman, Deepa (July 21, 2023). "Sergey Brin Is Back in the Trenches at Google". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on July 21, 2023. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
  10. ^ howdhury, Hasan (August 29, 2023). "AI bros are at war over declarations that Google's upcoming Gemini AI model smashes OpenAI's GPT-4". Business Insider. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
  11. ^ Harrison, Maggie (August 31, 2023). "OpenAI Rages at Report that Google's New AI Crushes GPT-4". Fortune. Archived from the original on August 31, 2023. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
  12. ^ Musk, Elon [@elonmusk] (August 29, 2023). "Are the numbers wrong?" (Tweet). Archived from the original on September 1, 2023. Retrieved October 15, 2023 – via Twitter.
  13. ^ Victor, Jon (September 18, 2023). "OpenAI Hustles to Beat Google to Launch 'Multimodal' LLM". The Information. Archived from the original on September 18, 2023. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  14. ^ "Google nears release of AI software Gemini, The Information reports". Reuters. September 14, 2023. Archived from the original on September 15, 2023. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
  15. ^ Nolan, Beatrice (September 23, 2023). "Google is quietly handing out early demos of its GPT-4 rival called Gemini. Here's what we know so far about the upcoming AI model". Business Insider. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  16. ^ Victor, Jon; Efrati, Amir (December 2, 2023). "Google Preps Public Preview of Gemini AI After Postponing In-Person Launch Events". The Information. Archived from the original on December 2, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  17. ^ Tangalakis-Lippert, Katherine (December 2, 2023). "Google has quietly pushed back the launch of next-gen AI model Gemini until next year, report says". Business Insider. Archived from the original on December 3, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  18. ^ Kruppa, Miles (December 6, 2023). "Google Announces AI System Gemini After Turmoil at Rival OpenAI". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  19. ^ a b Liedtike, Michael; O'Brien, Matt (December 6, 2023). "Google launches Gemini, upping the stakes in the global AI race". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  20. ^ Edwards, Benj (December 6, 2023). "Google launches Gemini—a powerful AI model it says can surpass GPT-4". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  21. ^ Langley, Hugh (October 12, 2023). "Google VP teases Gemini's multimodal future: 'I've seen some pretty amazing things.'". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 12, 2023. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
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