Aluminium silicate: Difference between revisions
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{{About|neutral chemical compounds composed solely of aluminium, silicon, and oxygen|related charged compounds containing counterions|Aluminosilicate}} |
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{{merge|aluminosilicate|date = October 2011}} |
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| verifiedrevid = 457807899 |
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| PubChem_Ref = {{Pubchemcite|correct|Pubchem}} |
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| ImageFile = Aluminium silicate.JPG |
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| CASNo = 12141-46-7 |
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| UNII = T1FAD4SS2M |
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| Formula = {{Chem|Al|2|SiO|5}} |
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| MolarMass = 162.0456 g mol<sup>−1</sup> |
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| ExactMass = 161.914576525 g mol<sup>-1</sup> |
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'''Aluminum silicate''' (or '''aluminium silicate''') is a name commonly applied to chemical compounds which are derived from [[aluminium oxide]], Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and [[silicon dioxide]], SiO<sub>2</sub> which may be [[anhydrous]] or hydrated, naturally occurring as [[mineral]]s or synthetic. Their chemical formulae are often expressed as xAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·ySiO<sub>2</sub>·zH<sub>2</sub>O. It is known as [[E number]] '''E559'''. |
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'''Aluminium silicate''' (or '''aluminum silicate''') has the chemical formula (AlO)<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>. It has a density of 2.8 to 2.9 g/cm³, a vitreous lustre, a refractive index of 1.56, a [[Mohs hardness]] of 4.5-7.5 (depending upon structure), and can have orthorhombic crystallography.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.reade.com/en/Products/Minerals-and-Ores/Aluminum-Silicate-Powder.html| title=Reade Advanced Materials offers: Aluminum Silicate Powder| accessdate=2006-11-16}}</ref> It is insoluble and used as a [[refractory]] in [[glass production|glassmaking]]. |
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==Main representatives== |
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Minerals composed of aluminium silicate include |
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{{al2sio5 phase diagram}} |
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*[[Andalusite]] |
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[[Andalusite]], [[kyanite]], and [[sillimanite]] are the principal aluminium silicate minerals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/andalusite.pdf|title=Andalusite, Handbook of Mineralogy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516011115/http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/andalusite.pdf|archive-date=2012-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/kyanite.pdf|title=Kyanite |work=Handbook of Mineralogy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224015145/http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/kyanite.pdf|archive-date=2012-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/sillimanite.pdf|title=Sillimanite |work=Handbook of Mineralogy |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119233945/http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/sillimanite.pdf|archive-date=2011-11-19}}</ref> The [[triple point]] of the three [[Polymorphism (materials science)|polymorphs]] is located at a temperature of {{convert|500|°C}} and a pressure of {{convert|0.4|GPa|abbr=on}}. These three minerals are commonly used as [[index mineral]]s in [[metamorphic rock]]s. |
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*[[Sillimanite]] (or Bucholzite) |
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* Al<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub>, (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·SiO<sub>2</sub>), which occurs naturally as the minerals [[andalusite]], [[kyanite]] and [[sillimanite]] which have distinct crystal structures. |
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*[[Kyanite]] |
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* Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·2SiO<sub>2</sub>), called metakaolinite, formed from kaolin by heating at {{convert|450|C}}.<ref name="Perry" /> |
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* Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>13</sub>, (3Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·2SiO<sub>2</sub>), the mineral [[mullite]], the only thermodynamically stable intermediate phase in the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> system at atmospheric pressure.<ref name = "Shackelford">Ceramic and Glass Materials: Structure, Properties and Processing, James F. Shackelford, R. H. Doremus, Springer, 2008, {{ISBN|978-0-387-73361-6}}</ref> This also called '3:2 mullite' to distinguish it from 2Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>8</sub> '2:1 mullite'. |
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* 2Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>8</sub> '2:1 mullite'.<ref name="Shackelford" /> |
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The above list mentions [[ternary phase|ternary material]]s (Si-Al-O). [[Kaolinite]] is a quaternary material (Si-Al-O-H). Also called aluminium silicate dihydrate, kaolinite occurs naturally as a mineral. Its formula is Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub>, (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·2SiO<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O).<ref name = "Perry">Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, Dale L. Perry, Taylor & Francis, 2011, {{ISBN|978-1-4398-1461-1}}</ref> |
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These all have the same chemical composition but are [[Polymorphism (materials science)|polymorphic]], having different crystalline structures. |
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Aluminium silicate |
==Aluminium silicate composite materials, fibres== |
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Aluminium silicate is a type of fibrous material made of aluminium oxide and silicon dioxide, (such materials are also called aluminosilicate fibres). These are glassy solid solutions rather than chemical compounds. The compositions are often described in terms of % weight of [[alumina]], Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and [[silica]], SiO<sub>2</sub>. Temperature resistance increases as the % alumina increases. These fibrous materials can be encountered as loose wool, blanket, felt, paper or boards.<ref>Concise Encyclopedia of Composite Materials, ed. Anthony Kelly, MIT Press, 1989, {{ISBN|0-262-11145-4}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Aluminosilicate]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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<references/> |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{mineral-stub}} |
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{{Aluminium compounds}} |
{{Aluminium compounds}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[hu:Alumínium-szilikát]] |
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[[no:Aluminiumsilikat]] |
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[[ru:Алюмосиликаты]] |
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[[Category:E-number additives]] |