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Hersch Lauterpacht

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Sir Hersch Lauterpacht
Judge of the International Court of Justice
In office
1955–1960
Preceded byThe Lord McNair
Succeeded bySir Gerald Fitzmaurice
Whewell Professor of International Law
In office
1938–1955
Preceded byThe Lord McNair
Succeeded bySir Robert Jennings
Personal details
Born
Hersch Lauterpacht

(1897-08-16)16 August 1897
Żółkiew, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary
(modern-day Zhovkva, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine)
Died8 May 1960(1960-05-08) (aged 62)
London, United Kingdom
Academic background
Alma materUniversity of Lemberg
London School of Economics (LLD)
ThesisPrivate law analogies in international law with special reference to international arbitration (1925)
Academic work
DisciplinePublic international law
InstitutionsUniversity of Cambridge
Notable worksThe Function of Law in the International Community (1933)
An International Bill of the Rights of Man (1945)
Recognition in International Law (1947)
The Development of International Law by the International Court (1958)

Sir Hersch Lauterpacht QC (16 August 1897 – 8 May 1960) was a British international lawyer, human rights activist, and judge at the International Court of Justice.

Biography

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Hersch Lauterpacht was born on 16 August 1897 to a Jewish family in the small town of Żółkiew, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, near Lemberg (now Lviv), the capital of East Galicia. In 1911 his family moved to Lemberg. In 1915 he enrolled in the law school of the University of Lemberg; it is not clear whether he graduated. Lauterpacht himself later wrote that he had not been able to take the final examinations "because the university has been closed to Jews in Eastern Galicia". He then moved to Vienna, and then London, where he became an international lawyer. He obtained a PhD degree from the London School of Economics in 1925, writing his dissertation on Private law analogies in international law,[1] which was published in 1927.[2][3]

His 1933 book The Function of Law in the International Community has been characterized as arguably his most influential.[4]

By 1937 he had written several books on international law. He assisted in the prosecution of the defendants at the Nuremberg trials - helping to draft the British prosecutor's (Hartley Shawcross) speech.[5] He was a member of the British delegation in two International Court of Justice cases: the Corfu Channel case (1948) and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. case (1951).[6]

Lauterpacht was a member of the United Nations' International Law Commission from 1952 to 1954 and a Judge of the International Court of Justice from 1955 to 1960. In the words of former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel, Judge Sir Hersch Lauterpacht's "attainments are unsurpassed by any international lawyer of this century [...] he taught and wrote with unmatched distinction".[7] Hersch's writings and (concurring and dissenting) opinions continue, nearly 50 years after his death, to be cited frequently in briefs, judgments, and advisory opinions of the World Court. He famously said "international law is at the vanishing point of law".[8]

The Lauterpacht Centre for International Law at the University of Cambridge is named after him and his son, Sir Elihu Lauterpacht, CBE, QC, who founded the centre and was its first director;[9] Elihu remained actively involved in its work as Director Emeritus and Honorary Professor of International Law until his death in February 2017.[citation needed]

Samuel Moyn has suggested that Hersch was one of the few international lawyers actively campaigning for human rights in the late 1940s, and that he had "denounced the Universal Declaration as a shameful defeat of the ideals it grandly proclaimed".[10] In the aftermath of the Holocaust Lauterpacht's thinking also included the question how this unpreceded event could be properly met by an international law, which was based on established rules and precedents. When asked about the possibilities of the newly established state of Israel to claim citizenship for deceased Jewish victims of the Holocaust, Lauterpacht ambivalently stated that although this was not possible according to the present state of international law, it would only be an extraordinary reaction to an unprecedented event in history.[11]

In 1948, Lauterpacht was asked by Yishuv diplomats to consider the legal basis for Israel's independence or write a declaration of independence for Israel. By May 1948, Lauterpacht had produced a two-part document that amounted to a declaration of independence. Some of Lauterpacht's draft was incorporated into what would ultimately become the ultimate draft of Israel's Declaration of Independence.[12]

Personal life

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He was married to Rachel Lauterpacht and father of Elihu Lauterpacht.[12]

Major works

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Lauterpacht, Hersch (29 December 1926). Private law analogies in international law (phd). Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021 – via etheses.lse.ac.uk.
  2. ^ "Sir Hersch Lauterpacht (1897-1960)". International Judicial Monitor. 1 (5). 2006. Archived from the original on 5 September 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  3. ^ Lauterpacht, Hersch (1926). Private law analogies in international law (PhD). London School of Economics and Political Science. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  4. ^ Jessup, Philip C.; Baxter, R. R. (1961). "The Contribution of Sir Hersch Lauterpacht to the Development of International Law". American Journal of International Law. 55 (1): 97–103. doi:10.2307/2196400. ISSN 0002-9300. JSTOR 2196400.
  5. ^ Oona Hathaway and Scott J. Shapito The internationalists and their plan to outlaw war pp. 282-4
  6. ^ Rosenne, Shabtai (1961). "Sir Hersch Lauterpacht's Concept of the Task of the International Judge". American Journal of International Law. 55 (4): 825–862. doi:10.2307/2196270. ISSN 0002-9300. JSTOR 2196270.
  7. ^ Schwebel, Stephen M. (1987). International Arbitration: Three Salient Problems by Stephen M. Schwebel. Hersch Lauterpacht Memorial Lectures 1987. Cambridge: Grotius Publications. p. xiii. ISBN 9780949009029.
  8. ^ Butler, William Elliott, ed. (1991). Control Over Compliance With International Law. Dordecht: Nijhoff. p. 195. ISBN 0-7923-1025-X.
  9. ^ "Establishment and Development - Lauterpacht Centre for International Law". Cambridge University. Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  10. ^ Moyn, Samuel (2014). Human Rights and the Uses of History. New York: Verso. ISBN 9781781682630. OCLC 858956307.
  11. ^ "»An Unprecedented Act of Homage« | Mimeo". mimeo.dubnow.de. 14 October 2021. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  12. ^ a b Zigler, Dov; Rogachevsky, Neil, eds. (2022), "International Law: Herschel Lauterpacht's Draft", Israel's Declaration of Independence: The History and Political Theory of the Nation's Founding Moment, Cambridge University Press, pp. 113–136, doi:10.1017/9781009090841.007, ISBN 978-1-316-51477-1, archived from the original on 22 April 2023, retrieved 14 December 2022
  13. ^ Kunz, Josef L. (1950). "Critical Remarks on Lauterpacht's "Recognition in International Law"". American Journal of International Law. 44 (4): 713–719. doi:10.2307/2194989. ISSN 0002-9300. JSTOR 2194989.

Further reading

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