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List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Leo Tolstoy, one of the most widely read writers who never won the Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy to authors which, according to the Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, the benefactor of the prize, has produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction".[1] It is one of the five Nobel Prizes which are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.[2]

Every year, the Swedish Academy sends out requests regularly for nominations of candidates for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Members of the Academy, members of literature academies and societies, professors of literature and language, former Nobel literature laureates, and the presidents of writers' organizations are all allowed to nominate a candidate. Nomination of oneself is not permitted.[3] Despite the yearly invitations for nominations, there have been some years wherein the prize was not conferred due to particular reasons (1914, 1918, 1935) and due to the outbreak of World War II (19401943). Besides the prize has been delayed for a year seven times (1915, 1919, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1936, 1949).

Records of nominations are strictly kept secret for 50 years until they are made publicly available. Currently, the nominations submitted from 1901 to 1973 are available.[4][5] Between those two years there have been 829 writers coming from different parts of the world nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, 70 of which were awarded the prize[6] including Albert Schweitzer who was awarded by Nobel Peace Prize on 1953. 17 more writers from these nominees were awarded after 1973 including Elie Wiesel who was awarded by Nobel Peace Prize on 1986. Only 77 women had been nominated for the prize starting with Malwida von Meysenburg who was nominated once for the year 1901[7] and 8 of them have been awarded after all. Only one literary society has been nominated, the Pali Text Society for the year 1916. Of the 829 revealed nominated writers, only the 1967-nominated Ukrainian poet Lina Kostenko (born 1930), the 1969-nominated Finnish author Hannu Salama (born 1936) and the 1973-nominated Indian poet Indira Devi Dhanrajgir (born 1930) are currently living.

Though the following list consists of notable literary figures deemed worthy of the prize, there have been some celebrated writers who were not considered nor even nominated such as Anton Chekhov,[8] Jules Verne, Robert Hugh Benson, Franz Kafka, Fernando Pessoa, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Arthur Conan Doyle, Alexander Blok, Marcel Proust, Joseph Conrad, Rainer Maria Rilke, Federico García Lorca, Lu Xun, Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, Antonio Machado, Francis Scott Fitzgerald, James Joyce, Christopher Dawson, Virginia Woolf, C. S. Lewis, Simone Weil, Willa Cather, George Orwell, Galaktion Tabidze, Edith Hamilton, Richard Wright, Flannery O'Connor, Langston Hughes, Jack Kerouac, Nancy Mitford and Agatha Christie.[9][10][11]

Nominees by their first nomination

[edit]

1901–1909

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1901
Sully Prudhomme March 16, 1839
Paris, France
September 6, 1907
Châtenay-Malabry, France
1901 Awarded the 1901 Nobel Prize in Literature.[12]
Frédéric Mistral September 8, 1830
Maillane, France
March 25, 1914
Maillane, France
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 Shared the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature with José Echegaray.[13]
Henryk Sienkiewicz May 5, 1846
Wola Okrzejska, Poland
November 15, 1916
Vevey, Switzerland
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905 Awarded the 1905 Nobel Prize in Literature.[14]
René Vallery-Radot[a] October 1, 1853
Paris, France
January 24, 1933
Paris, France
1901 [16]
Edmond Rostand[b] April 1, 1868
Marseille, France
December 2, 1918
Paris, France
1901 [17]
Julius Gersdorff[c] June 15, 1849
Szczecin, Poland
November 7, 1907
Weimar, Germany
1901 Nominated by Carl Heinrich Döring (1834–1916) the only time.[18]
Oscar le Pin[d] ?
Switzerland
?
Switzerland
1901 Nominated by P. L. Bonnaviat (?) the only time.[19]
Louis Ducros[e] December 27, 1846
Nîmes, France
1927
Strasbourg, France[20]
1901 Nominated by Michel Clerc (1857–1931) the only time .[21]
Carl Gustaf Estlander[f] January 31, 1834
Lappfjärd, Finland
August 28, 1910
Helsinki, Finland
1901 Nominated by Johan Gustaf Frosterus (1826–1901) the only time.[22]
Auguste Sabatier[g] October 22, 1839
Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, France
April 12, 1901
Strasbourg, France
1901 Nominated by Gabriel Monod (1844–1912) the only time.[23]
Died before his only chance to be awarded.
Paul Duproix[h] August 14, 1851
France
January 24, 1912
France
1901 Nominated by Émile Redard (1848–1913) the only time.[24]
Charles Borgeaud[i] August 15, 1861
Le Chenit, Switzerland
October 6, 1940
Onex, Switzerland
1901 [25]
Charles Renouvier[j] January 1, 1815
Montpellier, France
September 1, 1903
Prades, France
1901 Nominated by Antoine Benoist (1846–1922) the only time.[26]
Giacomo Stampa[k] ?
Italy
?
Italy
1901 Nominated by Ármin Vámbéry (1832–1913) the only time.[27]
Ossip Lourié[l] January 28, 1868
Dubroŭna, Belarus
July 2, 1955
Paris, France
1901 Nominated by Kristian Birch-Reichenwald Aars (1868–1917) the only time.[28]
João da Câmara[m] December 27, 1852
Lisbon, Portugal
January 2, 1908
Lisbon, Portugal
1901 Nominated by Joaquim José Coelho de Carvalho (1855–1934) the only time.[29]
Malwida von Meysenbug[n] October 28, 1816
Kassel, Germany
April 23, 1903
Rome, Italy
1901 Nominated by Gabriel Monod (1844–1912) the only time through Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (1832–1910).[30]
Émile Zola[o] April 2, 1840
Paris, France
September 29, 1902
Paris, France
1901, 1902 Nominated by Marcellin Berthelot (1827–1907) each time.[31]
Ferenc Kemény[p] July 17, 1860
Zrenjanin Serbia
November 21, 1944
Budapest, Hungary
1901, 1902 [32]
Gaston Paris[q] August 9, 1839
Avenay-Val-d'Or, France
March 5, 1903
Cannes, France
1901, 1902, 1903 Nominated by Fredrik Wulff (1845–1930) each time.[33]
Gaspar Núñez de Arce[r] August 4, 1834
Valladolid, Spain
June 9, 1903
Madrid, Spain
1901, 1902, 1903 [34]
Alexander Baumgartner[s] June 27, 1841
St. Gallen, Switzerland
October 5, 1910
Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
1901, 1902, 1903 Nominated by Knud Karl Krogh-Tonning (1842–1911) each time.[35]
Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol[t] March 23, 1847
Iași, Romania
February 27, 1920
Bucharest, Romania
1901, 1909 Nominated by Ion Găvănescu (1859–1949) each time.[36]
Antonio Fogazzaro[u] March 25, 1842
Vicenza, Italy
March 7, 1911
Vicenza, Italy
1901, 1902, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1910, 1911 [37]
Paul Sabatier[v] August 3, 1858
Saint-Michel-de-Chabrillanoux, France
March 4, 1928
Strasbourg, France
1901, 1902, 1903, 1924, 1925 Nominated by Carl Bildt (1850–1931) each time.[38]
1902
Theodor Mommsen November 30, 1817
Garding, Germany
November 1, 1903
Berlin, Germany
1902 Awarded the 1902 Nobel Prize in Literature.[39]
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson December 8, 1832
Kvikne, Norway
April 26, 1910
Paris, France
1902, 1903 Awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature.[40]
José Echegaray April 19, 1832
Madrid, Spain
September 14, 1916
Madrid, Spain
1902, 1903, 1904 Shared the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature with Frédéric Mistral.[41]
Giosuè Carducci July 27, 1835
Pietrasanta, Italy
February 16, 1907
Bologna, Italy
1902, 1903, 1905, 1906 Awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Literature.[42]
Gerhart Hauptmann November 15, 1862
Szczawno-Zdrój, Poland
June 6, 1946
Jelenia Góra, Poland
1902, 1906, 1912 Awarded the 1912 Nobel Prize in Literature.[43]
William Butler Yeats June 13, 1865
Sandymount, Ireland
January 28, 1939
Cannes, France
1902, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1921, 1922, 1923 Awarded the 1923 Nobel Prize in Literature.[44]
Anatoly Koni[w] January 28, 1844
Saint Petersburg, Russia
September 17, 1927
Saint Petersburg, Russia
1902 Nominated by Anton Karlovich Wulfert (1843–1918) the only time.[45]
Ventura Fernández López[x] July 14, 1866
Bárcena de Pie de Concha, Spain
November 17, 1944
Toledo, Spain
1902 Nominated by Emmanuel Casado Salas (?) the only time.[46]
Carl Weitbrecht December 8, 1847
Althengstett, Germany
June 10, 1904
Stuttgart, Germany
1902 Nominated by Hermann Fischer (1851–1920) the only time.[47]
Hartmann Grisar[y] September 22, 1845
Koblenz, Germany
February 25, 1932
Innsbruck, Austria
1902 Nominated by Knud Karl Krogh-Tonning (1842–1911) the only time.[48]
Herbert Spencer April 27, 1820
Derby, England
December 8, 1903
Brighton, England
1902 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[49]
Bernard Bosanquet June 14, 1848
Alnwick, England
February 8, 1923
London, England
1902 Nominated by William Macneile Dixon (1866–1946) the only time.[50]
Marcel Barrière[z] November 3, 1860
Limoux, France
February 18, 1954
Paris, France
1902 Nominated by Émile Faguet (1847–1916) the only time.[51]
Gustav Falke[aa] January 11, 1853
Lübeck, Germany
February 8, 1916
Marburg, Germany
1902 Nominated by August Sauer (1855–1926) the only time.[52]
Archibald Robertson[ab] June 29, 1853
Northamptonshire, England
January 29, 1931
Oxford, England
1902 Nominated by John Wesley Hales (1836–1914) the only time.[53]
Henrik Ibsen March 20, 1828
Skien, Norway
May 23, 1906
Oslo, Norway
1902, 1903, 1904 [54]
Houston Stewart Chamberlain[ac] September 9, 1855
Portsmouth, England
January 9, 1927
Bayreuth, Germany
1902, 1906 [55]
Leo Tolstoy[ad] September 9, 1828
Yasnaya Polyana, Russia
November 20, 1910
Astapovo, Russia
1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[56]
George Meredith February 12, 1828
Hampshire, England
May 18, 1909
Surrey, England
1902, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1907 [57]
Lewis Morris[ae] January 23, 1833
Carmarthen, Wales
November 12, 1907
Penbryn, Wales
1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907 [58]
Theodor Zahn[af] October 10, 1838
Moers, Germany
March 5, 1933
Erlangen, Germany
1902, 1904, 1908 Nominated by Lars Dahle (1843–1925) each time.[59]
Charles Wagner[ag] January 3, 1852
Alsace, France
May 12, 1918
Alsace, France
1902, 1903, 1909 [60]
John Morley[ah] December 24, 1838
Blackburn, England
September 23, 1923
London, England
1902, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1913 [61]
Juhani Aho[ai] September 11, 1861
Lapinlahti, Finland
August 8, 1921
Helsinki, Finland
1902, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920 [62]
Arne Garborg[aj] January 25, 1851
Jæren, Norway
January 14, 1924
Asker, Norway
1902, 1916, 1917, 1920, 1921 [63]
1903
Rudyard Kipling December 30, 1865
Mumbai, India
January 18, 1936
London, England
1903, 1904, 1905, 1907 Awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize in Literature.[64]
Maurice Maeterlinck August 29, 1862
Ghent, Belgium
May 6, 1949
Nice, France
1903, 1904, 1909, 1910, 1911 Awarded the 1911 Nobel Prize in Literature.[65]
François Coppée January 26, 1842
Paris, France
May 23, 1908
Paris, France
1903 Nominated by Sully Prudhomme (1839–1907) the only time.[66]
Carl Friedrich Glasenapp[ak] October 3, 1847
Riga, Latvia
April 14, 1915
Riga, Latvia
1903 [67]
Robert Langton Douglas[al] 1864
Cheshire, England
1951
Fiesole, Italy
1903, 1904 [68]
Albert Sorel[am] August 13, 1842
Honfleur, France
June 29, 1906
Paris, France
1903, 1904, 1905, 1906 [69]
Iwan Gilkin[an] January 7, 1858
Brussels, Belgium
September 28, 1924
Brussels, Belgium
1903, 1909 [70]
Algernon Charles Swinburne April 5, 1837
London, England
April 10, 1909
London, England
1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 [71]
Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo November 3, 1856
Santander, Spain
May 19, 1912
Santander, Spain
1903, 1905, 1907, 1910 [72]
Georg Brandes February 4, 1842
Copenhagen, Denmark
February 19, 1927
Copenhagen, Denmark
1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1910, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1922, 1925, 1926 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[73]
1904
Selma Lagerlöf November 20, 1858
Värmland, Sweden
March 16, 1940
Värmland, Sweden
1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 Awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Literature.[74]
Anatole France April 16, 1844
Paris, France
October 12, 1924
Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France
1904, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1916, 1921 Awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Literature.[75]
Émilie Lerou[ao] 18 May 1855
Rouen, France
11 June 1935
Paris, France
1904 Nominated by Jules Claretie (1840–1913) the only time.[76]
Demetrios Bernardakis December 3, 1833
Mitilini, Greece
January 12, 1907
Mitilini, Greece
1904, 1905 Nominated by Athanasios Bernardakis (1844–1912) each time.[77]
Jaroslav Vrchlický (Emil Frida) February 17, 1853
Louny, Czechia
September 9, 1912
Domazlice, Czechia
1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912 [78]
William Chapman[ap] December 13, 1850
Beauceville, Canada
February 23, 1917
Ottawa, Canada
1904, 1910, 1912, 1917 [79]
1905
Eliza Orzeszkowa June 6, 1841
Mil'kovshchina, Belarus
May 18, 1910
Grodno, Belarus
1905 [80]
Godfrey Sweven[aq] May 5, 1845
Irvine, Scotland
January 18, 1935
Christchurch, New Zealand
1905 John Macmillan Brown has only been nominated under the pseudonym Godfrey Sweven.[81][82]
1906
Louis Franck November 28, 1868
Antwerp, Belgium
December 31, 1937
Wijnegem, Belgium
1906 Nominated by Ernest Nys (1851–1920) the only time.[83]
Gaston Boissier August 15, 1823
Nîmes, France
June 10, 1908
Viroflay, France
1906 Nominated by Jacobus Johannaes Hartmann (1851–1924) the only time.[84]
William J. Neidig[ar] 1870
United States
1955
United States
1906 Nominated by Henry Burrowes Lathrop (1867-1936) the only time.[85]
Max Bewer[as] January 19, 1861
Düsseldorf, Germany
October 13, 1921
Meißen, Germany
1906 [86]
Pedro Pablo Figueroa December 25, 1857
Copiapó, Chile
January 4, 1909
Santiago, Chile
1906[at] Nominated by Leonardo Eliz (1861–1939) the only time.[87]
Max Haushofer[au] April 23, 1840
Munich, Germany
1907
Gries-San Quirino, Italy
1906[av] Nominated by Emil Milan (1859–1917) the only time.[88]
William Booth[aw] April 10, 1829
Nottingham, England
August 20, 1912
London, England
1906[ax] Nominated by Otto Classen (1868–1939) the only time.[89]
Joseph Viktor Widmann[ay] February 20, 1842
Brno, Czechia
November 6, 1911
Bern, Switzerland
1906, 1908 [90]
George Lansing Raymond[az] September 3, 1839
Illinois, United States
July 11, 1929
Washington D.C., United States
1906, 1907, 1908 [91]
Angelo de Gubernatis April 7, 1840
Turin, Italy
February 26, 1913
Rome, Italy
1906, 1907, 1909 [92]
Borden Parker Bowne January 14, 1847
Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States
April 1, 1910
Boston, United States
1906, 1907, 1909 [93]
1907
João Bonança[ba] ca. 1836
Lagos, Portugal
April 13, 1924
Lisbon, Portugal
1907 Nominated by Teófilo Braga (1843–1924) the only time.[94]
Holger Drachmann October 9, 1846
Copenhagen, Denmark
January 14, 1908
Hornbæk, Denmark
1907 Nominated by Harald Høffding (1843–1931) the only time.[95]
Ian Maclaren November 3, 1850
Manningtree, Essex, England[96]
May 6, 1907
Iowa, United States
1907 Nominated by Waldemar Rudin (1833–1921) the only time.[97]
Died before his only chance to be awarded.
Andrés Manjón November 30, 1846
Sargentes de la Lora, Spain
July 10, 1923
Granada, Spain
1907 Nominated by Angel Sanchez Rubio Ibanez (1852–1910) the only time.[98]
Eduardo Benot November 26, 1822
Cádiz, Spain
July 27, 1907
Madrid, Spain
1907 Nominated by Daniel Cortázar Larrubia (1844–1927) the only time.[99]
Died before his only chance to be awarded.
Mark Twain November 30, 1835
Florida, Missouri, United States
April 21, 1910
Redding, Connecticut, United States
1907,[bb] 1908[bb]
Georgios Souris[bc] February 2, 1853
Ermoupoli, Greece
August 26, 1919
Athens, Greece
1907, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912 [102]
Àngel Guimerà May 6, 1835
Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
July 18, 1924
Barcelona, Spain
1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923 [103]
Paul Bourget September 2, 1852
Amiens, France
December 25, 1935
Paris, France
1907, 1909, 1914, 1915, 1928 [104]
1908
Rudolf Christoph Eucken January 5, 1846
Aurich, Germany
September 15, 1926
Jena, Germany
1908 Nominated by Vitalis Norström (1856–1916) the only time and awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Literature.[105]
Julio Calcaño[bd] December 4, 1840
Caracas, Venezuela
August 18, 1918
Caracas, Venezuela
1908 Nominated by José María Manrique (1846-1907) the only time..[106]
Alfred L. Hutchinson[be] 1859
Waupaca, Wisconsin, United States
August 1930
Weyauwega, Wisconsin, United States
1908 Nominated by Luther Lamphere Wright (1856–1922).[107]
Edmondo De Amicis October 21, 1846
Imperia, Italy
March 11, 1908
Bordighera, Italy
1908 Died before his only chance to be awarded.[108]
Adolf von Harnack May 7, 1851
Tartu, Estonia
June 10, 1930
Heidelberg, Germany
1908, 1916 [109]
Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche July 10, 1846
Lützen, Germany
November 8, 1935
Weimar, Germany
1908, 1916, 1917, 1923 [110]
1909
Verner von Heidenstam July 6, 1859
Olshammar, Sweden
May 20, 1940
Övralid, Sweden
1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1916 Awarded the 1916 Nobel Prize in Literature.[111]
Eugène-Melchior de Vogüé February 25, 1848
Nice, France
March 29, 1910
Paris, France
1909 Nominated by Albert Vandal (1853–1910) the only time.[112]
Martin Greif June 18, 1839
Speyer, Germany
April 1, 1911
Kufstein, Austria
1909, 1910, 1911 [113]
Francesco D'Ovidio[bf] December 5, 1849
Campobasso, Italy
November 24, 1925
Naples, Italy
1909, 1910, 1911, 1912 Nominated by Ernesto Monaci (1844–1918) each time.[114]
Ernest Lavisse December 17, 1842
Le Nouvion-en-Thiérache, France
August 18, 1922
Paris, France
1909, 1910, 1911,[bg] 1912, 1913 [115]
Salvador Rueda December 3, 1857
Benaque, Spain
April 1, 1933
Málaga, Spain
1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915 [116]
Émile Verhaeren May 21, 1855
Sint-Amands, Belgium
November 27, 1916
Rouen, France
1909, 1912, 1915, 1916 [117]

1910–1919

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1910
Paul Heyse March 13, 1830
Berlin, Germany
April 2, 1914
Munich, Germany
1910 Awarded the 1910 Nobel Prize in Literature.[118]
Gustav Warneck March 6, 1834
Naumburg, Germany
December 26, 1910
Halle (Saale), Germany
1910 [119]
Wilhelm Hermann Heinrich Benignus February 17, 1861
Heilbronn, Germany
June 5, 1930
Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States
1910 Nominated by Marion Dexter Learned (1857–1917) the only time.[120]
Alfred Fouillée October 18, 1838
Erdre-en-Anjou, France
June 16, 1912
Lyon, France
1910 Nominated by Carl David af Wirsén (1842–1912) the only time.[121]
Édouard Rod March 31, 1857
Nyon, Switzerland
January 29, 1910
Grasse, France
1910 Nominated by Edmond Rossier (1865–1945) the only time.[122]
Died before his chance to be considered.
William Dean Howells March 1, 1837
Ohio, United States
May 11, 1920
New York, United States
1910 Nominated by Brander Matthews (1852–1929) the only time.[123]
Robert Bridges October 23, 1844
Walmer, England
April 21, 1930
Boars Hill, England
1910 Nominated by Charles Villiers Stanford (1852–1924) the only time.[124]
Andrew Lang March 31, 1844
Selkirk, Scotland
July 20, 1912
Banchory, Scotland
1910 Nominated by Edith Nesbit (1858–1924) the only time.[125]
Molly Elliot Seawell October 23, 1860
Virginia, United States
November 15, 1916
Washington, D.C., United States
1910, 1911 Nominated by Charles W. Kent (1860–1917) each time.[126]
Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach September 13, 1830
Troubky-Zdislavice, Czechia
March 12, 1916
Vienna, Austria
1910, 1911 Nominated by Emil Reich (1854–1910) each time.[127]
Pierre Loti January 14, 1850
Rochefort, France
June 10, 1923
Hendaye, France
1910, 1911, 1912, 1913 [128]
Thomas Hardy June 2, 1840
Stinsford, England
January 11, 1928
Dorchester, England
1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1920, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927 [129]
1911
Karl Adolph Gjellerup June 2, 1857
Roholte, Denmark
October 13, 1919
Dresden, Germany
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917 Shared the 1917 Nobel Prize in Literature with Henrik Pontoppidan[130]
George Bernard Shaw July 26, 1856
Dublin, Ireland
November 2, 1950
Ayot St Lawrence, England
1911, 1912, 1921, 1924, 1925, 1926 Awarded the 1925 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1926.[131]
Albert de Mun February 28, 1841
Lumigny-Nesles-Ormeaux, France
October 6, 1914
Bordeaux, France
1911 Nominated by René Bazin (1853–1932) the only time.[132]
Gustaf Fröding August 22, 1860
Alster, Sweden
February 8, 1911
Stockholm, Sweden
1911 Died before his only chance to be awarded.[133]
August Strindberg January 22, 1849
Stockholm, Sweden
May 14, 1912
Stockholm, Sweden
1911[bh] Nominated by Nathan Söderblom (1866–1931) the only time.[134]
Rafael Altamira y Crevea February 10, 1866
Alicante, Spain
June 1, 1951
Mexico City, Mexico
1911, 1912 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[135]
Henry James April 15, 1843
New York, United States
February 28, 1916
London, England
1911, 1912, 1916 [136]
Harald Høffding March 11, 1843
Copenhagen, Denmark
July 2, 1931
Copenhagen, Denmark
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1916 [137]
Peter Rosegger July 31, 1843
Krieglach, Austria
June 26, 1918
Krieglach, Austria
1911, 1913, 1918 [138]
Ernst von der Recke August 14, 1848
Copenhagen, Denmark
December 2, 1933
Zealand, Denmark
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1930 [139]
Karl Schönherr February 24, 1867
Axams, Austria
March 15, 1943
Vienna, Austria
1911, 1912, 1933, 1938 [140]
1912
Carl Spitteler April 24, 1845
Liestal, Switzerland
December 29, 1924
Lucerne, Switzerland
1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920 Awarded the 1919 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1920.[141]
Henri Bergson October 18, 1859
Paris, France
January 4, 1941
Paris, France
1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1921, 1928 Awarded the 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1928.[142]
Pencho Slaveykov April 27, 1866
Tryavna, Bulgaria
June 10, 1912
Brunate, Italy
1912 Nominated by Alfred Jensen (1859–1921) the only time.[143]
Died before his chance to be considered.
Sven Hedin February 19, 1865
Stockholm, Sweden
November 26, 1952
Stockholm, Sweden
1912, 1913 Nominated by Fredrik Wulff (1845–1930) only.[144]
Jean-Henri Fabre December 21, 1823
Aveyron, France
October 11, 1915
Sérignan-du-Comtat, France
1912, 1914 [145]
Salvatore Farina January 10, 1846
Sorso, Italy
December 15, 1918
Milan, Italy
1912, 1913, 1914 [146]
Benito Pérez Galdós May 10, 1843
Las Palmas, Spain
January 4, 1920
Madrid, Spain
1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916 [147]
Adolf Frey February 18, 1855
Küttigen, Switzerland
February 12, 1920
Zürich, Switzerland
1912, 1913, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920 Nominated jointly with Carl Spitteler by Wilhelm Oechsli (1851–1919) each time.[148]
Hans E. Kinck October 11, 1865
Øksfjord, Norway
October 13, 1926
Oslo, Norway
1912, 1919, 1920, 1926 [149]
James George Frazer January 1, 1854
Glasgow, Scotland
May 7, 1941
Cambridge, England
1912, 1926, 1928, 1935 [150]
1913
Rabindranath Tagore May 7, 1861
Kolkata, India
August 7, 1941
Kolkata, India
1913 Nominated by Thomas Sturge Moore (1870–1944) the only time and awarded the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature.[151]
Henrik Pontoppidan July 24, 1857
Fredericia, Denmark
August 21, 1943
Charlottenlund, Denmark
1913, 1916, 1917 Shared the 1917 Nobel Prize in Literature with Karl Adolph Gjellerup.[152]
Grazia Deledda September 28, 1871
Nuoro, Italy
August 15, 1936
Rome, Italy
1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927 Awarded the 1926 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1927.[153]
Edward Dowden May 3, 1843
Cork, Ireland
April 4, 1913
Dublin, Ireland
1913 Nominated by James Lindsay (1852–1923) the only time.[154]
Died before his chance to be considered.
John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury April 30, 1834
London, England
May 28, 1913
Broadstairs, England
1913 Nominated by Hans Hildebrand (1842–1913) the only time.[155]
Died before his chance to be considered.
Francis Сhanning Miles Welles April 21, 1887
Richmond, London, England
Aug 29, 1956
Cheltenham General Hospital, England
1913 Nominated by Carveth Read (1848–1931) the only time.[156]
Émile Faguet December 17, 1847
La Roche-sur-Yon, France
June 7, 1916
Paris, France
1913, 1914 [157]
Jakob Knudsen September 14, 1858
Rødding, Denmark
January 21, 1917
Birkerød, Denmark
1913, 1916 [158]
Edmond Picard December 15, 1836
Brussels, Belgium
February 19, 1924
Namur, Belgium
1913, 1914, 1916, 1917 [159]
1914[bi]
Antonio Serra y Morant December 17, 1866
Alicante, Spain
August 7, 1939
Madrid, Spain
1914 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[160]
Josef Svatopluk Machar February 29, 1864
Kolin, Czechia
March 17, 1942
Prague, Czechia
1914, 1915 [161]
René François Nicolas Marie Bazin December 26, 1853
Angers, France
July 20, 1932
Paris, France
1914, 1915 [162]
Dora Melegari June 27, 1849
Lausanne, Switzerland
July 31, 1924
Rome, Italy
1914, 1923 [163]
Willem Kloos May 6, 1859
Amsterdam, Netherlands
March 3, 1938
The Hague, Netherlands
1914, 1915, 1925, 1926, 1928 [164]
Dmitry Merezhkovsky August 2, 1865
Saint Petersburg, Russia
December 9, 1941
Paris, France
1914, 1915, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 [165]
Vilhelm Grønbech June 14, 1873
Allinge, Denmark
April 21, 1948
Helsingør, Denmark
1914, 1915, 1927, 1928, 1935, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944 [166]
1915[bj]
Romain Rolland January 29, 1866
Clamecy, France
December 30, 1944
Vézelay, France
1915, 1916 Awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1916.[167]
Charles Montagu Doughty August 19, 1843
Saxmundham, England
January 20, 1926
Sissinghurst, England
1915 Nominated by Herbert Warren (1853–1930) the only time.[168]
Ferdinand Avenarius December 20, 1856
Berlin, Germany
September 22, 1923
Kampen, Germany
1915, 1921 [169]
1916
Erik Axel Karlfeldt July 20, 1864
Avesta, Sweden
April 8, 1931
Stockholm, Sweden
1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1929, 1931 Posthumously awarded the 1931 Nobel Prize in Literature.[170]
Rabindranath Datta October 1, 1883
Kolkata, India
July 6, 1917
Kolkata, India
1916 [171]
Ivan Franko August 27, 1856
Lviv, Ukraine
May 28, 1916
Lviv, Ukraine
1916 Died before his only chance to be awarded.[172]
Gunnar Heiberg November 18, 1857
Oslo, Norway
February 22, 1929
Oslo, Norway
1916 Nominated by Jens Thiis (1870–1942) the only time.[173]
Troels Troels-Lund September 5, 1840
Copenhagen, Denmark
February 12, 1921
Copenhagen, Denmark
1916 Nominated by Frits Läffler (1847–1921) the only time.[174]
The Pāli Text Society[bk] founded in 1881 by Thomas William Rhys Davids 1916 Nominated by Thomas William Rhys Davids (1843–1922) the only time.[175]
Otokar Březina September 13, 1868
Počátky, Czechia
March 25, 1929
Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou, Czechia
1916, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1925, 1928, 1929 [176]
Henrik Schück November 2, 1855
Stockholm, Sweden
October 3, 1947
Uppsala, Sweden
1916, 1929 [177]
Per Hallström September 29, 1866
Stockholm, Sweden
February 18, 1960
Nacka, Sweden
1916, 1919, 1931[bl] [178]
1917
Ivan Vazov July 9, 1850
Sopot, Bulgaria
September 22, 1921
Sofia, Bulgaria
1917 Nominated by Ivan Shishmanov (1862–1928) the only time.[179]
Otto Ernst Schmidt
("Otto Ernst")
October 7, 1862
Hamburg, Germany
March 5, 1926
Hamburg, Germany
1917 Nominated by Per Hallström (1866–1960) the only time.[180]
Jeppe Aakjær September 10, 1866
Aakjaer, Denmark
April 22, 1930
Roslev, Denmark
1917 Nominated by Christen Collin (1857–1926) the only time.[181]
Johan Bojer March 6, 1872
Orkdal, Norway
July 3, 1959
Oslo, Norway
1917, 1925, 1929, 1932 [182]
Olaf Bull November 10, 1883
Oslo, Norway
June 29, 1933
Oslo, Norway
1917, 1927, 1928, 1931, 1932 [183]
Bertel Gripenberg September 19, 1878
Saint Petersburg, Russia
May 6, 1947
Sävsjö, Sweden
1917, 1918, 1922, 1923, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1937 [184]
1918[bi]
Knut Hamsun August 4, 1859
Lom, Norway
February 19, 1952
Grimstad, Norway
1918, 1920 Awarded the 1920 Nobel Prize in Literature.[185]
Alois Jirásek August 23, 1851
Hronov, Czechia
March 12, 1930
Prague, Czechia
1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1930 [186]
Gustav Frenssen October 19, 1863
Barlt, Germany
April 11, 1945
Barlt, Germany
1918 Nominated jointly with Maxim Gorky (1868–1936) by Bengt Hesselman (1875–1952) the only time.[187]
Maxim Gorky March 28, 1868
Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
June 18, 1936
Moscow Oblast, Russia
1918, 1923, 1928, 1933 [188]
Gunnar Gunnarsson May 18, 1889
Fljótsdalur, Iceland
November 21, 1975
Reykjavík, Iceland
1918, 1921, 1922, 1955, 1960, 1961, 1965, 1969 [189]
1919[bj]
Władysław Reymont May 7, 1867
Kobiele Wielkie, Poland
December 5, 1925
Warsaw, Poland
1919, 1920, 1922, 1924 Awarded the 1924 Nobel Prize in Literature.[190]
John Galsworthy August 14, 1867
Kingston upon Thames, England
January 31, 1933
London, England
1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1931, 1932 Awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize in Literature.[191]
Ebenezer Howard January 29, 1850
London, England
May 1, 1928
Welwyn Garden City, England
1919, 1920 Nominated by Christen Collin (1857–1926) each time.[192]
Hugo von Hofmannsthal February 1, 1874
Vienna, Austria
July 15, 1929
Vienna, Austria
1919, 1924, 1926, 1927 [193]
Arno Holz April 26, 1863
Ketrzyn, Poland
October 26, 1929
Berlin, Germany
1919, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929 [194]

1920–1929

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1920
Wilbur Cortez Abbott December 28, 1869
Indiana, United States
February 3, 1947
Massachusetts, United States
1920 Nominated by Dana Carleton Munro (1866–1933) the only time[195]
1921
Jacinto Benavente August 12, 1866
Madrid, Spain
July 14, 1954
Madrid, Spain
1921, 1922 Awarded the 1922 Nobel Prize in Literature.[196]
Émile Boutroux July 28, 1845
Montrouge, France
November 22, 1921
Paris, France
1921 Nominated by Harald Hjärne (1848–1922) the one time.[197]
Jean Revel September 22, 1848
Conteville, France
May 4, 1925
Conteville, France
1921 [198]
Stefan Żeromski October 14, 1864
Strawczyn, Poland
November 20, 1925
Warsaw, Poland
1921, 1922, 1923, 1924 [199]
H. G. Wells September 21, 1866
London, England
August 31, 1946
London, England
1921, 1932, 1935, 1946 [200]
1922
Sigrid Undset May 20, 1882
Kalundborg, Denmark
June 10, 1949
Lillehammer, Norway
1922, 1925, 1926, 1928 Awarded the 1928 Nobel Prize in Literature.[201]
Darrell Figgis September 17, 1882
Dublin, Ireland
October 27, 1925
London, England
1922 Nominated by Thomas Rudmose-Brown (1878–1942) the only time[202]
Georg von Below January 19, 1858
Gusev, Russia
October 20, 1927
Badenweiler, Germany
1922 Nominated by Hermann Bächtold (1882–1934) the only time.[203]
Israel Zangwill January 21, 1864
London, England
August 1, 1926
Midhurst, England
1922 Nominated by Adolf Noreen (1854–1925) the only time.[204]
Michael Sadleir December 25, 1888
Oxford, England
December 13, 1957
London, England
1922 Nominated by Nobel Committee the only time[205]
Matilde Serao March 7, 1856
Patras, Greece
July 25, 1927
Naples, Italy
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925 [206]
Roberto Bracco November 10, 1861
Naples, Italy
April 20, 1943
Sorrento, Italy
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925 [207]
Ludwig von Pastor January 31, 1854
Aachen, Germany
September 30, 1928
Innsbruck, Austria
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1929 [208]
William Inge June 6, 1860
Crayke, England
February 26, 1954
Wallingford, England
1922, 1923, 1929 Nominated by Nathan Söderblom (1866–1931) each time.[209]
Paul Ernst March 7, 1866
Elbingerode, Germany
May 13, 1933
Sankt Georgen an der Stiefing, Austria
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933 [210]
1923
Ivan Bunin October 22, 1870
Voronezh, Russia
November 8, 1953
Paris, France
1923, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933 Awarded the 1933 Nobel Prize in Literature.[211]
Konstantin Balmont June 15, 1867
Shuya, Russia
December 23, 1942
Paris, France
1923 Nominated by Romain Rolland (1866–1944) the one time[212]
Hermann Türck[213] March 13, 1856
Georgenburg, now Russia
April 30, 1933
Weimar, Germany
1923, 1924 [214]
Einar H. Kvaran December 6, 1859
Vallanes, Iceland
May 21, 1938
Reykjavík, Iceland
1923, 1924 Nominated by Valtýr Guðmundsson (1860–1928) each time.[215]
Guglielmo Ferrero July 21, 1871
Portici, Italy
August 3, 1942
Chardonne, Switzerland
1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1933 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[216]
1924
Thomas Mann June 6, 1875
Lübeck, Germany
August 21, 1955
Zürich, Switzerland
1924, 1928, 1929,

1948
Awarded the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature.[217]
Max Neuburger December 8, 1868
Vienna, Austria
March 15, 1955
Vienna, Austria
1924 Nominated by Adolf Fonahn (1873–1940) the only time.[218]
Olav Duun November 21, 1876
Namsos, Norway
September 13, 1939
Holmestrand, Norway
1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939 [219]
1925[bj]
Johannes V. Jensen January 20, 1873
Farsø, Denmark
November 25, 1950
Østerbro, Denmark
1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944 Awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize in Literature.[220]
Giovanni Schembari[221] 31 October 1894
Ragusa, Sicily, Italy
November 1959
Hillside, Illinois, United States
1925 Nominated by Achille Loria (1857–1943) the only time[222]
Paul Elmer More December 12, 1864
Missouri, United States
March 9, 1937
New Jersey, United States
1925 Nominated by Nathan Söderblom (1866–1931) the only time.[223]
Paul Raynal July 25, 1885
Narbonne, France
August 18, 1971
Paris, France
1925, 1926 Nominated by Tor Hedberg (1862–1931) each time.[224]
Ferenc Herczeg September 22, 1863
Vršac, Serbia
February 24, 1954
Budapest, Hungary
1925, 1926, 1927 [225]
Rudolf Maria Holzapfel April 26, 1874
Kraków, Poland
February 8, 1930
Muri bei Bern, Switzerland
1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929 [226]
1926[bj]
Arnold Bennett May 27, 1867
Stoke-on-Trent, England
March 27, 1931
London, England
1926 Nominated by Gerard De Geer (1858–1943) the only time.[227]
Pyotr Krasnov September 22, 1869
Saint Petersburg, Russia
January 16, 1947
Moscow, Russia
1926 Nominated by Vladimir Andreevich Frantsev (1867–1942) the only time.[228]
Sofía Casanova September 30, 1861
A Coruña, Spain
January 16, 1958
Poznań, Poland
1926 [229]
Vicente Huidobro January 10, 1893
Santiago, Chile
January 2, 1948
Cartagena, Chile
1926 Nominated by Enrique Nercasseau Morán (1854–1925) the only time.[230]
Avetis Aharonian January 9, 1866
Iğdır, Turkey
March 20, 1948
Paris, France
1926 Nominated by Antoine Meillet (1866–1936) the only time.[231]
Edvard Westermarck November 20, 1862
Helsinki, Finland
September 3, 1939
Tenala, Finland
1926, 1927 [232]
Ada Negri February 3, 1870
Lodi, Italy
January 11, 1945
Milan, Italy
1926, 1927 [233]
Juan Zorrilla de San Martín December 28, 1855
Montevideo, Uruguay
November 3, 1931
Montevideo, Uruguay
1926, 1928 [234]
Karl Kraus April 28, 1874
Jicin, Czechia
June 12, 1936
Vienna, Austria
1926, 1928, 1930 [235]
Georg Bonne August 12, 1859
Hamburg, Germany
May 1, 1945
Hamburg, Germany
1926, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[236]
J.-H. Rosny aîné February 17, 1856
Brussels, Belgium
February 11, 1940
Paris, France
1926, 1928, 1933 [237]
Josip Kosor January 27, 1879
Drniš, Croatia
January 23, 1961
Dubrovnik, Croatia
1926, 1927, 1939 [238]
Kostis Palamas January 13, 1859
Patras, Greece
February 27, 1943
Athens, Greece
1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940 [239]
Johannes Jørgensen November 6, 1866
Svendborg, Denmark
May 29, 1956
Svendborg, Denmark
1926, 1932, 1942, 1950 [240]
Concha Espina April 15, 1869
Santander, Spain
May 19, 1955
Madrid, Spain
1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1952, 1954 [241]
Paul Claudel August 6, 1868
Villeneuve-sur-Fère, France
February 23, 1955
Paris, France
1926, 1937, 1941, 1950, 1951, 1955 [242]
1927[bj]
Cesare Pascarella April 28, 1858
Rome, Italy
May 8, 1940
Rome, Italy
1927 [243]
Eduard Meyer January 25, 1855
Hamburg, Germany
August 31, 1930
Berlin, Germany
1927 Nominated by Georg Wittrock (1876–1957) the only time.[244]
Samuel Parsons Scott July 8, 1846
Ohio, United States
May 30, 1929
Ohio, United States
1927 Nominated by Edgar Ewing Brandon (1865–1957) the only time.[245]
Edith Wharton January 24, 1862
New York, United States
August 11, 1937
Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, France
1927, 1928, 1930 [246]
Édouard Estaunié February 4, 1862
Dijon, France
April 2, 1942
Paris, France
1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931 Nominated by Erik Staaff (1867–1936) each time.[247]
Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer December 30, 1878
Budapest, Hungary
April 12, 1962
Munich, Germany
1927, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 [248]
1928
Armando Palacio Valdés October 4, 1853
Entrialgo, Spain
January 29, 1938
Madrid, Spain
1928 [249]
Blanca de los Ríos August 15, 1859
Seville, Spain
April 13, 1956
Madrid, Spain
1928 [250]
Edith Howes August 29, 1872
London, England
July 9, 1954
Dunedin, New Zealand
1928 Nominated by Francis Prendeville Wilson (1874–?) the only time.[251]
Theodor Däubler August 17, 1876
Trieste, Italy
June 14, 1934
Sankt Blasien, Germany
1928 Nominated by Oskar Walzel (1864–1944) the only time.[252]
Frederik van Eeden April 3, 1860
Haarlem, Netherlands
June 16, 1932
Bussum, Netherlands
1928 Nominated by Gerard Brom (1882–1959) the only time.[253]
Alf Larsen July 22, 1885
Tjøme, Norway
December 12, 1967
Tjøme, Norway
1928 Nominated by Alexander Seippel (1851–1938) the only time.[254]
Anna de Noailles November 15, 1876
Paris, France
April 30, 1933
Paris, France
1928 Nominated by Tor Hedberg (1862–1931) the only time.[255]
Ivan Grozev June 23, 1872
Sofia, Bulgaria
January 10, 1957
London, England
1928, 1929 Nominated by Mikhail Arnaudov (1878–1978) each time.[256]
Hans Driesch October 28, 1867
Bad Kreuznach, Germany
April 17, 1941
Leipzig, Germany
1928, 1930, 1932 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[257]
Rudolf Hans Bartsch February 11, 1873
Graz, Austria
February 7, 1952
Graz, Austria
1928, 1929, 1930, 1933 [258]
Rufino Blanco Fombona June 17, 1874
Caracas, Venezuela
October 16, 1944
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1928, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1935 [259]
Felix Timmermans July 5, 1886
Lier, Belgium
January 24, 1947
Lier, Belgium
1928, 1940, 1941 [260]
Ricarda Huch July 18, 1864
Braunschweig, Germany
November 17, 1947
Kronberg, Germany
1928, 1935, 1937, 1946 [261]
1929
Cale Young Rice December 11, 1872
Kentucky, United States
January 24, 1943
Kentucky, United States
1929 Nominated by Edward Franklin Farquhar (1883–1960) the only time.[262]
Knud Rasmussen June 7, 1879
Ilulissat, Greenland
December 21, 1933
Copenhagen, Denmark
1929 Nominated by William Thalbitzer (1873–1958) the only time.[263]
Stefan George July 12, 1868
Büdesheim, Germany
December 4, 1933
Minusio, Switzerland
1929, 1931 [264]
Edwin Arlington Robinson December 22, 1869
Maine, United States
April 6, 1935
New York, United States
1929, 1930, 1932, 1934 Nominated by Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953) each time.[265]
Benedetto Croce February 25, 1866
Pescasseroli, Italy
November 20, 1952
Naples, Italy
1929, 1933, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1952 [266]
Thornton Wilder April 17, 1897
Wisconsin, United States
December 7, 1975
Connecticut, United States
1929, 1949, 1958, 1959, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [267]

1930–1939

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1930
Sinclair Lewis February 7, 1885
Minnesota, United States
January 10, 1951
Rome, Italy
1930 Nominated by Henrik Schück (1855–1947) the only time and awarded the 1930 Nobel Prize in Literature.[268]
Frans Eemil Sillanpää September 16, 1888
Hämeenkyrö, Finland
June 3, 1964
Helsinki, Finland
1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939 Awarded the 1939 Nobel Prize in Literature.[269]
Clotilde Crespo de Arvelo September 19, 1887
Los Teques, Venezuela
(?) 1959
Caracas, Venezuela
1930 Nominated by Manuel María Villalobos (1858–1929) the only time.[270]
Manfred Kyber March 1, 1880
Riga, Latvia
March 10, 1933
Löwenstein, Germany
1930 [271]
Arvid Järnefelt November 16, 1861
Saint Petersburg, Russia
December 27, 1932
Helsinki, Finland
1930 Nominated by Oiva Tuulio (1878–1941) the only time.[272]
Yrjö Hirn December 7, 1870
Lappeenranta, Finland
February 23, 1952
Helsinki, Finland
1930 Nominated by Olaf Homén (1879–1949) the only time.[273]
Theodore Dreiser August 27, 1871
Indiana, United States
December 28, 1945
California, United States
1930 Nominated by Anders Österling (1884–1981) the only time.[274]
Edgar Lee Masters August 23, 1868
Kansas, United States
March 5, 1950
Pennsylvania, United States
1930 Nominated by Martin Lamm (1880–1950) the only time.[275]
Nathanael Jünger October 23, 1871
Hamburg, Germany
September 29, 1941
Potsdam, Germany
1930, 1931 Nominated by Fredrik Wulff (1845–1930) each time.[276]
Anton Wildgans April 17, 1881
Vienna, Austria
May 3, 1932
Mödling, Austria
1930, 1931, 1932 [277]
Paul Valéry October 30, 1871
Sète, France
July 20, 1945
Paris, France
1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1943, 1944, 1945 [278]
Lion Feuchtwanger July 7, 1884
Munich, Germany
December 21, 1958
California, United States
1930, 1955, 1956, 1957 [279]
Rudolf Kassner September 11, 1873
Velké Pavlovice, Czechia
April 1, 1959
Sierre, Switzerland
1930, 1931, 1932, 1935, 1938, 1948, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1959 [280][281]
1931
Hermann Hesse July 2, 1877
Calw, Germany
August 9, 1962
Collina d’Oro, Switzerland
1931, 1938, 1939, 1942, 1944, 1946 Awarded the 1946 Nobel Prize in Literature.[282]
Laura Mestre Hevia April 6, 1867
Havana, Cuba
January 11, 1944
Havana, Cuba
1931 Nominated by Juan Miguel Dihigo Mestre (1866–1952) the only time.[283]
Francis Jammes December 2, 1868
Tournay, France
November 1, 1938
Hasparren, France
1931 Nominated by Anders Österling (1884–1981) the only time.[284]
Ole Edvart Rølvaag April 22, 1876
Dønna, Norway
November 5, 1931
Minnesota, United States
1931 Nominated by Laurence M. Larson (1868–1938) the only time.[285]
Erich Maria Remarque June 22, 1898
Osnabrück, Germany
September 25, 1970
Locarno, Switzerland
1931 Nominated by Tor Hedberg (1862–1931) the only time and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[286]
Ivan Shmelyov October 3, 1873
Moscow, Russia
June 24, 1950
Paris, France
1931, 1932 [287]
Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić April 18, 1874
Ogulin, Croatia
September 21, 1938
Zagreb, Croatia
1931, 1935, 1937, 1938 [288]
Ramón Pérez de Ayala August 9, 1880
Oviedo, Spain
August 5, 1962
Madrid, Spain
1931, 1934, 1947 [289]
Martin Andersen Nexø June 26, 1869
Christianshavn, Denmark
June 1, 1954
Dresden, Germany
1931, 1950 [290]
Ramón Menéndez Pidal March 13, 1869
A Coruña, Spain
November 14, 1968
Madrid, Spain
1931, 1932, 1934, 1938, 1939, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 Menéndez Pidal earns the highest record as the most nominated person for the Nobel Prize in Literature but never won the prize. He was nominated 151 times.[291]
1932
Michael Blümelhuber September 23, 1865
Christkindl, Austria
January 29, 1936
Steyr, Austria
1932 Nominated by Oswald Redlich (1858–1944) the only time and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[292]
Francesco Orestano April 14, 1873
Alia, Italy
August 20, 1945
Rome, Italy
1932 Nominated by Pietro Bonfante (1864–1932) the only time.[293]
Axel Munthe October 31, 1857
Oskarshamn, Sweden
February 11, 1949
Stockholm, Sweden
1932 Nominated by Rolf Lagerborg (1874–1959) the only time.[294]
Percival Elgood July 3, 1863
Marlborough, England
December 20, 1941
Cairo, Egypt
1932 Nominated by Arthur James Grant (1862–1948) the only time.[295]
Grigol Robakidze October 28, 1880
Imereti, Georgia
November 19, 1962
Geneva, Switzerland
1932 Nominated by Richard Meckelein (1880–1948) the only time.[296]
Karel Čapek January 9, 1890
Malé Svatoňovice, Czechia
December 25, 1938
Prague, Czechia
1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938 [297]
Vilhelm Ekelund October 14, 1880
Scania, Sweden
September 3, 1949
Saltsjöbaden, Sweden
1932, 1941 [298]
Manuel Gálvez May 6, 1882
Parana, Argentina
November 14, 1962
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1932, 1933, 1934, 1951, 1952 [299]
Upton Sinclair September 20, 1878
Maryland, United States
November 25, 1968
New Jersey, United States
1932, 1933, 1934, 1965 [300]
1933
Henrique Coelho Neto February 21, 1864
Maranhão, Brazil
November 28, 1934
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1933 [301]
Max Beerbohm August 24, 1872
London, England
May 20, 1956
Rapallo, Italy
1933 Nominated by Tancred Borenius (1885–1948) the only time.[302]
Hayim Nahman Bialik January 9, 1873
Volhynia, Russia
July 4, 1934
Vienna, Austria
1933, 1934 Nominated by Joseph Klausner (1874–1958) each time.[303]
Ernest Roguin May 27, 1851
Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
May 5, 1939
Lausanne, Switzerland
1933, 1934 Nominated by Edmond Rossier (1865–1945) each time.[304]
Joseph Bédier January 28, 1864
Paris, France
August 29, 1938
Le Grand-Serre, France
1933, 1934 Nominated by Henrik Schück (1855–1947) each time.[305]
Hermann Stehr February 16, 1864
Bystrzyca Klodzka, Poland
September 11, 1940
Szklarska Poręba, Poland
1933, 1934, 1935, 1936 [306]
António Correia de Oliveira July 30, 1878
São Pedro do Sul, Portugal
February 20, 1960
Esposende, Portugal
1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942 [307]
Carlos María Ocantos August 24, 1860
Buenos Aires, Argentina
March 29, 1949
Madrid, Spain
1933, 1943 [308]
José Ortega y Gasset May 9, 1883
Madrid, Spain
October 18, 1955
Madrid, Spain
1933, 1951 [309]
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan September 5, 1888
Thiruttani, India
April 17, 1975
Chennai, India
1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 Second President of India (1962 – 1967).
Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[310]
1934
Luigi Pirandello June 28, 1867
Agrigento, Italy
December 10, 1936
Rome, Italy
1934 Nominated by Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937) the only time and awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature.[311]
Eugene O’Neill October 16, 1888
New York, United States
November 27, 1953
Massachusetts, United States
1934, 1935, 1936 Awarded the 1936 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1937.[312]
Roger Martin du Gard March 23, 1881
Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
August 22, 1958
Belforêt-en-Perche, France
1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 Awarded the 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature.[313]
Francisco García Calderón Rey April 8, 1883
Valparaíso, Chile
July 1, 1953
Lima, Peru
1934 [314]
Ventura García Calderón February 23, 1886
Paris, France
October 27, 1959
Paris, France
1934 [315]
Ole Hallesby August 5, 1879
Aremark, Norway
November 22, 1961
Oslo, Norway
1934 Nominated jointly by Olai Skulerud (1881–1963) the only time.[316][317]
Ewald Magnus Engebrethsen Sundberg October 8, 1886
Kristiansand, Norway
April 1967
Norway
1934
Hans Henrik Holm January 18, 1896
Oslo, Norway
September 27, 1980
Oslo, Norway
1934 Nominated by Alexander Seippel (1851–1938) the only time.[318]
Franz Karl Ginzkey September 8, 1871
Pula, Croatia
April 11, 1963
Vienna, Austria
1934, 1935 [319]
Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński September 14, 1859
Kiev, Ukraine
May 8, 1944
Schondorf, Germany
1934, 1935 [320]
Jarl Hemmer September 18, 1893
Vaasa, Finland
December 6, 1944
Porvoo, Finland
1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939 [321]
Maria Madalena Valdez Trigueiros de Martel Patrício April 19, 1884
Lisbon, Portugal
November 3, 1947
Lisbon, Portugal
1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947 [322]
Jean Schlumberger May 26, 1877
Guebwiller, France
October 25, 1968
Paris, France
1934, 1950, 1952, 1956, 1959, 1964 [323]
1935[bi]
James Cousins July 22, 1873
Belfast, Northern Ireland
February 20, 1956
Madanapalle, India
1935 Nominated by Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) the only time.[324]
Sven Erik Lönborg March 16, 1871
Motala, Sweden
April 11, 1959
Uppsala, Sweden
1935 Nominated by Emil Rodhe (1863–1936) the only time.[325]
Émile Mâle June 2, 1862
Commentry, France
October 6, 1954
Fontaine-Chaalis, France
1935 Nominated by Emil Rodhe (1863–1936) the only time.[326]
Guðmundur Kamban June 8, 1888
Reykjavík, Iceland
May 5, 1945
Copenhagen, Denmark
1935 Nominated by Bengt Hesselman (1875–1952) the only time.[327]
Violet Clifton November 2, 1883
Rome, Italy
November 20, 1961
Lytham St Annes, England
1935 Nominated by Nevill Coghill (1899–1980) the only time.[328]
Elise Richter March 2, 1865
Vienna, Austria
June 23, 1943
Theresienstadt Ghetto, Czechia
1935 [329]
Gilbert Keith Chesterton May 29, 1874
Kensington, England
June 14, 1936
Beaconsfield, England
1935 Nominated by Torsten Fogelqvist (1880–1941) the only time.[330]
Dezső Szabó June 10, 1879
Kolozsvár, Hungary
January 13, 1945
Budapest, Hungary
1935 Nominated by Björn Collinder (1894–1983) the only time.[331]
Víctor Manuel Rendón December 5, 1859
Guayaquil, Ecuador
October 9, 1940
Guayaquil, Ecuador
1935 Nominated by Celiano Monge Navarrete (1856–1940) the only time.[332]
Edvarts Virza December 27, 1883
Ozolnieki, Latvia
March 1, 1940
Riga, Latvia
1935, 1936 [333]
Miguel de Unamuno September 29, 1864
Bilbao, Spain
December 31, 1936
Salamanca, Spain
1935, 1936 [334]
Shaul Tchernichovsky August 20, 1875
Kiev, Ukraine
October 14, 1943
Jerusalem, Israel
1935, 1937 Nominated by Joseph Klausner (1874–1958) each time.[335]
John Masefield June 1, 1878
Ledbury, England
May 12, 1967
Abingdon, England
1935, 1937 Nominated by Anders Österling (1884–1981) each time.[336]
Jules Romains August 26, 1885
Saint-Julien-Chapteuil, France
August 14, 1972
Paris, France
1935, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1963, 1966 [337]
1936[bj]
Asis Domet June 25, 1890
Cairo, Egypt
June 27, 1943
Berlin, Germany
1936 Nominated by G. E. Khoury (?) the only time.[338]
Hari Mohan Banerjee ?
India
September 3, 1960
Kolkata, India
1936 Nominated by Devadatta Ramakrishna Bhandarkar (1875–1950) the only time and nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[339]
Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti January 10, 1871
Vienna, Austria
April 8, 1955
Linz, Austria
1936 [340]
Sigmund Freud May 6, 1856
Příbor, Czechia
September 23, 1939
London, England
1936 Nominated by Romain Rolland (1866–1944) the only time and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too.[341]
Alfred Edward Evershed April 22, 1870
Littlehampton, England
May 31, 1941
Tasmania, Australia
1936 Nominated by Elias Edward Miller (1878–1937) the only time and nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[342]
Ludwig Klages December 10, 1872
Hanover, Germany
July 29, 1956
Kilchberg, Switzerland
1936, 1937 Nominated by Wilhelm Pinder (1878–1947) each time.[343]
Cécile Tormay October 8, 1875
Budapest, Hungary
April 2, 1937
Gyöngyös, Hungary
1936, 1937 [344]
Hans Fallada July 21, 1893
Greifswald, Germany
February 5, 1947
Berlin, Germany
1936, 1939 [345]
Arvid Mörne May 6, 1876
Kuopio, Finland
June 15, 1946
Kauniainen, Finland
1936, 1945, 1946 [346]
Georges Duhamel June 30, 1884
Paris, France
April 13, 1966
Valmondois, France
1936, 1937, 1940, 1942, 1942, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1961 [347]
1937
Maurice Magre March 2, 1877
Toulouse, France
December 11, 1941
Nice, France
1937 [348]
Jules Payot April 10, 1859
Chamonix, France
January 30, 1940
Aix-en-Provence, France
1937 Nominated by Alfred Baudrillart (1859–1942) the only time.[349]
Arnold Schering April 2, 1877
Wrocław, Poland
March 7, 1941
Berlin, Germany
1937 Nominated by Ilmari Krohn (1867–1960) the only time.[350]
Maria Jotuni April 9, 1880
Kuopio, Finland
September 30, 1943
Helsinki, Finland
1937 Nominated by Viljo Tarkiainen (1879–1951) the only time.[351]
Albert Verwey May 15, 1865
Amsterdam, Netherlands
March 8, 1937
Noordwijk, Netherlands
1937 Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[352]
William Burchell/Bashyr Pickard July 31, 1889
London, England
January 25, 1973
Hertford, England
1937 Nominated by Arthur Bernard Cook (1868–1952) the only time.[353]
Valdemar Rørdam September 23, 1872
Fakse, Denmark
July 13, 1946
Holbæk, Denmark
1937, 1938 [354]
Bensadhar Majumdar ?
India
?
India
1937, 1939 [355]
Sally Salminen April 25, 1906
Vårdö, Åland, Finland
July 18, 1976
Copenhagen, Denmark
1937, 1938, 1939 [356]
Maila Talvio October 17, 1871
Hartola, Finland
January 6, 1951
Helsinki, Finland
1937, 1939, 1947 [357]
René Béhaine June 17, 1880
Vervins, France
January 2, 1966
Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
1937, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1944 1948, 1965 [358]
Johan Falkberget September 30, 1879
Røros, Norway
April 5, 1967
Røros, Norway
1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1965 [359]
Stijn Streuvels October 3, 1871
Kortrijk, Belgium
August 15, 1969
Anzegem, Belgium
1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1950, 1953, 1956, 1957, 1965, 1969 [360]
Jean Giono March 30, 1895
Manosque, France
October 9, 1970
Manosque, France
1937, 1952, 1957, 1959, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 [361]
1938
Pearl Buck June 26, 1892
West Virginia, United States
March 6, 1973
Vermont, United States
1938 Awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature.[362]
Robert Ritchie Racey May 3, 1873
Canada
September 15, 1956
Paris, Ontario, Canada
1938 Nominated by Arthur Leonard Phelps (1887–1970) the only time.[363]
Mohammad Khan
(prob. Mohammad Habib (1895–1971))
?
India
?
India
1938 Nominated by Per Hallström (1866–1960) the only time.[364]
Margaret Mitchell November 8, 1900
Georgia, United States
August 16, 1949
Georgia, United States
1938 Nominated by Sven Hedin (1865–1952) the only time.[365]
Arthur van Schendel March 5, 1874
Jakarta, Indonesia
September 11, 1946
Amsterdam, Netherlands
1938 [366]
Veikko Antero Koskenniemi July 8, 1885
Oulu, Finland
August 4, 1962
Turku, Finland
1938 Nominated by Aapeli Saarisalo (1896–1986) the only time.[367]
Sanjib Chaudhuri ?
India
?
India
1938, 1939 Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[368]
Mark Aldanov November 7, 1886
Kiev, Ukraine
February 24, 1957
Nice, France
1938, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957 [369]
Henriette Charasson February 13, 1884
Le Havre, France
May 29, 1972
Châteauroux, France
1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1945,[bm] 1947, 1949, 1954, 1957 [370]
Herman Teirlinck February 24, 1879
Sint-Jans-Molenbeek, Belgium
February 4, 1967
Beersel, Belgium
1938, 1954, 1957, 1960 [371]
Aldous Huxley July 26, 1894
Godalming, England
November 22, 1963
California, United States
1938, 1939, 1955, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963 [372]
1939
Flávio de Carvalho August 10, 1899
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
June 4, 1973
São Paulo, Brazil
1939 Nominated by Paul Vanorden Shaw (1898–1970) the only time.[373]
Egidio Poblete Escudero November 7, 1868
Valparaíso, Chile
October 18, 1940
Valparaíso, Chile
1939 Nominated by Miguel Luís Amunátegui Reyes (1862–1949) the only time.[374]
Ethel Florence Richardson January 3, 1870
East Melbourne, Australia
March 20, 1946
Hastings, England
1939 Nominated by Sten Bodvar Liljegren (1885–1984) the only time.[375]
Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel November 6, 1870
Liverpool, England
February 5, 1963
London, England
1939 Nominated by Per Hallström (1866–1960) the only time.[376]
Hugh Walpole March 13, 1884
Auckland, New Zealand
June 1, 1941
Keswick, England
1939 Nominated by Sten Bodvar Liljegren (1885–1984) the only time.[377]
Johan Huizinga December 7, 1872
Groningen, Netherlands
February 1, 1945
De Steeg, Netherlands
1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1953, 1944, 1945 [378]
Henriette Roland Holst December 24, 1869
Noordwijk, Netherlands
November 21, 1952
Amsterdam, Netherlands
1939, 1950, 1952 [379][380]
Eugène Baie August 3, 1874
Anderlecht, Belgium
September 10, 1964
Anderlecht, Belgium
1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1956 [381]
Hu Shih December 17, 1891
Songjiang, China
February 24, 1962
Taipei, Taiwan
1939, 1957 [382]
Maria Dąbrowska October 6, 1889
Russów, Poland
May 19, 1965
Warsaw, Poland
1939, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1965 [383]

1940–1949

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1940[bi]
Gabriela Mistral April 7, 1889
Vicuña, Chile
January 10, 1957
New York, United States
1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 Awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature.[384]
Alfonso Strafile 1872
Cerignola, Italy
?
Italy
1940 Nominated by Domenico Vittorini (1892–1958) the only time.[385]
Gösta Albert Carlberg September 23, 1909
Norrköping, Sweden
March 13, 1973
Stockholm, Sweden
1940 Nominated by Einar Tegen (1884–1965) the only time.[386]
Bert Bailey June 11, 1868
Auckland, New Zealand
March 30, 1953
Darlinghurst, Australia
1940 Nominated by Georges Rency (1875–1951) the only time.[387]
Edmund Blunden November 1, 1896
London, England
January 20, 1974
Long Melford, England
1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 Nominated by Heinrich Wolfgang Donner (1904-1980) each time.[388]
Carl Sandburg January 6, 1878
Illinois, United States
July 22, 1967
North Carolina, United States
1940, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1958, 1959 [389]
Lin Yutang October 10, 1895
Zhangzhou, China
March 26, 1976
Hong Kong
1940, 1950, 1970, 1972, 1973 [390]
1941[bi]
Manoel Cyrillo Wanderley
(prob. Manuel Bandeira (1886–1968))

Brazil

Brazil
1941 Nominated by Francisco de Aquino Correia, S.D.B. (1885–1956) the only time.[391]
Ruth Comfort Young July 21, 1882
California, United States
February 18, 1954
California, United States
1941 [392]
Branislav Petronijević March 25, 1875
Sovljak, Serbia
March 4, 1954
Belgrade, Serbia
1941, 1947 [393]
1942[bi]
Sigfrid Siwertz January 24, 1882
Stockholm, Sweden
November 26, 1970
Stockholm, Sweden
1942 Nominated by Carl Olaf Bøggild-Andersen (1898–1967) the only time.[394]
Teixeira de Pascoaes November 2, 1877
Amarante, Portugal
December 14, 1952
Amarante, Portugal
1942, 1943, 1944, 1945,[bn] 1947, 1948 Nominated by João António Mascarenhas Júdice (1898–1957) each time.[395]
Nikolai Berdyaev March 18, 1874
Kiev, Ukraine
March 24, 1948
Clamart, France
1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948 Nominated by Alf Nyman (1884–1968) each time.[396]
Charles Langbridge Morgan January 22, 1894
Bromley, England
February 6, 1958
London, England
1942, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949 [397]
Enrique Larreta March 4, 1875
Buenos Aires, Argentina
July 6, 1961
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1942, 1943, 1944, 1945,[bo] 1950 [398]
Hans Carossa December 15, 1878
Bad Tölz, Germany
September 12, 1956
Lower Bavaria, Germany
1942, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1955, 1956 [399]
1943[bi]
John Steinbeck February 27, 1902
California, United States
December 20, 1968
New York, United States
1943, 1944, 1945, 1949, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962 Awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature.[400]
Sri Aurobindo August 15, 1872
Kolkata, India
December 5, 1950
Puducherry, India
1943 Nominated by Francis Younghusband (1863–1942) the only time and nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[401]
Franz Werfel September 10, 1890
Prague, Czechia
August 26, 1945
California, United States
1943, 1945 [402]
Franz Hellens September 8, 1881
Brussels, Belgium
January 20, 1972
Brussels, Belgium
1943, 1948, 1958, 1954 [403]
Elisaveta Bagryana April 16, 1893
Sofia, Bulgaria
March 23, 1991
Sofia, Bulgaria
1943, 1944, 1945, 1969 [404]
1944
Abol-Gassem E’tessam Zadeh ?
Iran
?
Iran
1944 Nominated by Issa Sepahbodi (1896–?) the only time.[405]
Luis Nueda y Santiago 1883
Madrid, Spain
1952
Madrid, Spain
1944 Nominated by Julio Casares (1877–1964) the only time.[406]
Charles Ferdinand Ramuz September 24, 1878
Lausanne, Switzerland
May 23, 1947
Pully, Switzerland
1944, 1945, 1946, 1947 [407]
Arnulf Øverland April 27, 1889
Kristiansund, Norway
March 25, 1968
Oslo, Norway
1944, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1965, 1966, 1967 [408]
1945
Thomas Sterns Eliot September 26, 1888
Missouri, United States
January 4, 1965
Kensington, England
1945, 1946, 1947, 1948 Awarded the 1948 Nobel Prize in Literature.[409]
Yiorgos Theotokas April 27, 1906
Constantinople, Turkey
October 30, 1966
Athens, Greece
1945 Nominated by Sigfrid Siwertz (1882–1970) the only time.[410]
Armando Alvares Pedroso June 29, 1907
Havana, Cuba
September 9, 1990
Miami, United States
1945[bp]
Edward Morgan Forster January 1, 1879
London, England
June 7, 1970
Coventry, England
1945, 1946, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 [411][412]
Marie Under March 27, 1883
Reval, Estonia
September 25, 1980
Stockholm, Sweden
1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1958, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [413]
1946
André Gide November 22, 1869
Paris, France
February 19, 1951
Paris, France
1946, 1947 Awarded the 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature.[414]
François Mauriac October 11, 1885
Bordeaux, France
September 1, 1970
Paris, France
1946, 1949, 1950, 1952 Awarded the 1952 Nobel Prize in Literature.[415]
Winston Churchill November 30, 1874
Blenheim Palace, England
January 24, 1965
Kensington, England
1946, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940–45, 1951–55).

Awarded the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature.[416]
Boris Pasternak February 10, 1890
Moscow, Russia
May 30, 1960
Moscow, Russia
1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1957, 1958 Awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature.[417]
Herbert John Clifford Grierson January 16, 1866
Lerwick, Scotland
February 19, 1960
Cambridge, England
1946 Nominated by William James Entwistle (1895–1952) the only time.[418]
Sholem Asch November 1, 1880
Kutno, Poland
July 10, 1957
London, England
1946, 1947 Nominated by Walter Arthur Berendsohn (1884–1984) each time.[419]
Angelos Sikelianos March 28, 1884
Lefkada, Greece
June 19, 1951
Athens, Greece
1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951 [420]
Ignazio Silone May 1, 1900
Pescina, Italy
August 22, 1978
Geneva, Switzerland
1946, 1947, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1969 [421]
Tarjei Vesaas August 20, 1897
Vinje, Norway
March 15, 1970
Oslo, Norway
1946, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 [422]
1947
Pär Lagerkvist May 23, 1891
Växjö, Sweden
July 11, 1974
Lidingö, Sweden
1947, 1949, 1950, 1951 Awarded the 1951 Nobel Prize in Literature.[423]
Ernest Hemingway July 21, 1899
Illinois, United States
July 2, 1961
Idaho, United States
1947, 1950, 1953, 1954 Awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature.[424]
Mikhail Sholokhov May 24, 1905
Vyoshenskaya, Russia
February 21, 1984
Vyoshenskaya, Russia
1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 Awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature.,[425][426]
Shmuel Yosef Agnon August 8, 1887
Buchach, Ukraine
February 17, 1970
Jerusalem, Israel
1947, 1948, 1951, 1965, 1966 Shared the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature with Nelly Sachs[427]
Bernard O'Dowd April 11, 1866
Beaufort, Australia
September 1, 1953
Melbourne, Australia
1947 [428]
Horace Kallen August 11, 1882
Bierutow, Poland
February 16, 1974
Florida, United States
1947 Nominated by Louise Rosenblatt (1904–2005) the only time.[429]
Gregorios Xenopoulos December 9, 1867
Constantinople, Turkey
January 14, 1951
Athens, Greece
1947 Nominated by Iōannēs Kalitsounakēs (1878–1966) the only time.[430]
Toyohiko Kagawa July 10, 1888
Hyogo, Japan
April 23, 1960
Tokyo, Japan
1947, 1948 Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[431]
Georgios Drosinis December 9, 1859
Athens, Greece
January 3, 1951
Kifisia, Greece
1947, 1948 [432]
Nikos Kazantzakis February 18, 1883
Heraklion, Greece
October 26, 1957
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
1947, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957 [433]
André Malraux November 3, 1901
Paris, France
November 23, 1976
Créteil, France
1947, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [434]
1948
Halldór Laxness April 23, 1902
Reykjavík, Iceland
February 8, 1998
Reykjavík, Iceland
1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955 Awarded the 1955 Nobel Prize in Literature.[435]
Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette January 28, 1873
Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye, France
August 3, 1954
Paris, France
1948 Nominated by Claude Farrère (1876–1957) the only time.[436]
Dorothy Canfield Fisher February 17, 1879
Kansas, United States
November 9, 1958
Vermont, United States
1948, 1949 Nominated by David Baumgardt (1890–1963) each time.[437]
George Santayana December 16, 1863
Madrid, Spain
September 26, 1952
Rome, Italy
1948, 1949 [438]
Zalman Shneur ca. 1887
Shkloŭ, Belarus
February 20, 1959
New York, United States
1948, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1957 [439][440]
George Macauley Trevelyan February 16, 1876
Stratford-upon-Avon, England
July 21, 1962
Cambridge, England
1948, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1960 [441]
Riccardo Bacchelli April 19, 1891
Bologna, Italy
October 8, 1985
Monza, Italy
1948, 1949, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [442]
1949[bj]
Albert Camus November 7, 1913
Algiers, Algeria
January 4, 1960
Villeblevin, France
1949, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957 Awarded the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature.[443]
Jacinto Grau ca. 1877
Barcelona, Spain
August 14, 1958
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1949 Nominated by Hjalmar Gullberg (1898–1961) the only time.[444]
Reinaldo Temprano Azcona 1911
Pajares de la Lampreana, Spain
1954
Spain
1949 Nominated by Emilio Alarcos García (1895–1986) the only time.[445]
Leonid Leonov May 31, 1899
Moscow, Russia
August 8, 1994
Moscow, Russia
1949, 1950 Nominated by Valentin Kiparsky (1904–1983) each time.[446]
Enrique González Martínez April 13, 1871
Guadalajara, Mexico
February 19, 1952
Mexico City, Mexico
1949, 1952 [447]
Alfonso Reyes May 17, 1889
Monterrey, Mexico
December 27, 1959
Mexico City, Mexico
1949, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1959 [448]
Seán O'Casey March 30, 1880
Dublin, Ireland
September 18, 1964
Torquay, England
1949, 1950, 1955, 1957, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963 [449]
Taha Hussein November 15, 1889
Maghagha, Egypt
October 28, 1973
Cairo, Egypt
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1973 [450]
Alberto Moravia November 28, 1907
Rome, Italy
September 26, 1990
Rome, Italy
1949, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [451]

1950–1959

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1950
William Faulkner September 25, 1897
Mississippi, United States
July 6, 1962
Mississippi, United States
1950 Nominated by Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland

(1884–1965) the only time and awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950.[452]

Bertrand Russell May 18, 1872
Trellech, Wales
February 2, 1970
Penrhyndeudraeth, Wales
1950 Nominated by Eugen Tigerstedt (1907–1979) the only time, awarded the 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[453]
Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany July 24, 1878
London, England
October 25, 1957
Dublin, Ireland
1950 [454]
Leopold Staff November 14, 1878
Lviv, Ukraine
May 31, 1957
Skarżysko-Kamienna, Poland
1950 Nominated by Jan Parandowski (1895–1978) the only time.[455]
Thomas Head Raddall November 13, 1903
Hythe, England
April 1, 1994
Liverpool, England
1950 Nominated by Will Richard Bird (1891–1984) the only time.[456]
Albert Steffen December 10, 1884
Wynau, Switzerland
July 13, 1963
Dornach, Switzerland
1950 Nominated by Kersti Bergroth (1886–1975) the only time.[457]
John Dewey October 20, 1859
Vermont, United States
June 1, 1952
New York, United States
1950 Nominated by Henry Steele Commager (1902–1998) the only time.[458]
Hermann Broch November 1, 1886
Vienna, Austria
May 30, 1951
Connecticut, United States
1950 [459]
Júlio Dantas May 19, 1876
Lagos, Portugal
May 25, 1962
Lisbon, Portugal
1950, 1951 [460]
Alfred Noyes September 16, 1880
Wolverhampton, England
June 25, 1958
Isle of Wight, England
1950, 1951 [461]
Jakobus Cornelis Bloem May 10, 1887
Oudshoorn, Netherlands
August 10, 1966
Kalenberg, Netherlands
1950, 1952 [462]
Arnold Joseph Toynbee April 14, 1889
London, England
October 22, 1975
York, England
1950, 1957 [463]
Karl Jaspers February 23, 1883
Oldenburg, Germany
February 26, 1969
Basel, Switzerland
1950, 1960 [464]
Karen Blixen April 17, 1885
Rungsted, Denmark
September 7, 1962
Rungsted, Denmark
1950, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962 [465]
Robert Frost March 26, 1874
California, United States
January 29, 1963
Massachusetts, United States
1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 [466]
Gertrud von Le Fort October 11, 1876
Minden, Germany
November 1, 1971
Oberstdorf, Germany
1950, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963 [467][468]
Martin Buber February 8, 1878
Vienna, Austria
June 13, 1965
Jerusalem, Israel
1950, 1954, 1958, 1959, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[469]
Simon Vestdijk October 17, 1898
Harlingen, Netherlands
March 23, 1971
Utrecht, Netherlands
1950, 1952, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 [470]
Mika Waltari September 19, 1908
Helsinki, Finland
August 26, 1979
Helsinki, Finland
1950, 1951, 1952, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1971 [471]
Robert Graves July 24, 1895
Wimbledon, England
December 7, 1985
Deià, Spain
1950, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1973 [472]
Graham Greene October 2, 1904
Berkhamsted, England
April 3, 1991
Vevey, Switzerland
1950, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [473]
1951
Ezequiel Martínez Estrada September 14, 1895
Buenos Aires, Argentina
November 4, 1964
Bahía Blanca, Argentina
1951 [474]
Sotíris Skípis ca. 1881
Athens, Greece
September 29, 1952
Provence, France
1951 Nominated by an unnamed nominator[bq] the only time.[475]
Katharine Susannah Prichard December 4, 1883
Levuka, Fiji
October 2, 1969
Greenmount, Australia
1951 Nominated by Leavitt Olds Wright (1891–1980) the only time.[476]
María Enriqueta Camarillo February 19, 1872
Coatepec, Mexico
February 13, 1968
Mexico City, Mexico
1951 [477]
Rómulo Gallegos August 2, 1884
Caracas, Venezuela
April 5, 1969
Caracas, Venezuela
1951, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967 [478]
José Maria Ferreira de Castro May 24, 1898
Ossela, Portugal
June 29, 1974
Porto, Portugal
1951, 1952, 1969, 1970, 1973 [479][480]
1952
Juan Ramón Jiménez December 24, 1881
Moguer, Spain
May 29, 1958
San Juan, Puerto Rico
1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956 Awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Literature.[481]
Albert Schweitzer January 14, 1875
Kaysersberg-Vignoble, France
September 4, 1965
Lambarene, Gabon
1952 Nominated by Nils Ahnlund (1889–1957) the only time and awarded the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize.[482]
John Dover Wilson July 13, 1881
London, England
January 15, 1969
Balerno, Scotland
1952 Nominated by Charles Jasper Sisson (1885–1966) the only time.[483]
Charles Plisnier December 13, 1896
Ghlin, Belgium
July 17, 1952
Brussels, Belgium
1952 Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[484]
Paul Vialar September 18, 1898
Saint-Denis, France
January 8, 1996
Vaucresson, France
1952 [485]
Louis Artus January 10, 1870
Paris, France
May 11, 1960
Paris, France
1952 [486]
Van Wyck Brooks February 16, 1886
New Jersey, United States
May 2, 1963
Connecticut, United States
1952 [487]
Charlie Chaplin April 16, 1889
London, United Kingdom
December 25, 1977
Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
1952[br]
Walter de la Mare April 25, 1873
London, England
June 22, 1956
Twickenham, England
1952, 1953 Nominated by Harry Martinson (1904–1978) each time.[489]
Julien Benda December 26, 1867
Paris, France
June 7, 1956
Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
1952, 1953, 1954, 1955 [490]
Werner Bergengruen September 16, 1892
Riga, Latvia
September 4, 1964
Baden-Baden, Germany
1952, 1953, 1959, 1960, 1963 [491][492]
Salvador de Madariaga July 23, 1886
A Coruña, Spain
December 14, 1978
Muralto, Switzerland
1952, 1963, 1971, 1973 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[493]
1953
Gottfried Benn May 2, 1886
Putlitz, Germany
July 97, 1956
Berlin, Germany
1953, 1954, 1955, 1956 [494]
Max Mell November 10, 1882
Maribor, Slovenia
December 12, 1971
Vienna, Austria
1953, 1954, 1960, 1962 [495]
Alberto Hidalgo Lobato May 23, 1897
Arequipa, Peru
November 12, 1967
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1953, 1966, 1968 [496]
1954
Jaroslav Seifert September 23, 1901
Prague, Czechia
January 10, 1986
Prague, Czechia
1954, 1968, 1969 Awarded the 1984 Nobel Prize in Literature.[497]
Ricardo Rojas September 16, 1882
Tucumán, Argentina
July 29, 1957
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1954 [498]
Gustave Vanzype June 10, 1869
Brussels, Belgium
September 12, 1955
Brussels, Belgium
1954 Nominated by Gustave Charlier (1885–1959) the only time.[499]
Georgios Vouyouklatis 1903
Greece
1956
Paris, France
1954 [500]
Carl Jung July 26, 1875
Kesswil, Switzerland
June 6, 1961
Küsnacht, Switzerland
1954 Nominated by Ernst Alker (1895–1972) the only time and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too.[501]
1955
Saint-John Perse May 31, 1887
Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe
September 20, 1975
Hyères, France
1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960 Awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Literature.[502]
Giorgos Seferis March 13, 1900
Urla, Turkey
September 20, 1971
Athens, Greece
1955, 1961, 1962, 1963 Awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize in Literature.[503]
Eugenio Montale October 12, 1896
Genoa, Italy
September 12, 1981
Milan, Italy
1955, 1961, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 Won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature.[504]
Igor Gouzenko January 13, 1919
Dmitrov, Russia
June 28, 1982
Mississauga, Canada
1955 [505]
Gustav Suits November 18, 1883
Võnnu, Estonia
May 23, 1956
Stockholm, Sweden
1955 Nominated by William Kleesmann Matthews (1901–1958) the only time.[506]
Reinhold Schneider May 13, 1903
Baden-Baden, Germany
April 6, 1958
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
1955 Nominated by Eduard von Jan (1885–1971) the only time.[507]
Ernst Robert Curtius April 14, 1886
Thann, France
April 19, 1956
Rome, Italy
1955 Nominated by Max Vasmer (1886–1962) the only time.[508]
Carlos Vaz Ferreira October 15, 1872
Montevideo, Uruguay
January 3, 1958
Montevideo, Uruguay
1955 [509]
Arthur Bryant February 18, 1899
Dersingham, England
January 22, 1985
Wiltshire, England
1955 Nominated by Eric Reginald Vincent (1894–1978) the only time.[510]
Giovanni Papini January 9, 1881
Florence, Italy
July 8, 1956
Florence, Italy
1955 Nominated by Henri de Ziégler (1885–1970) the only time and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[511]
Fernando González Ochoa April 24, 1895
Envigado, Colombia
February 16, 1964
Envigado, Colombia
1955[bs]
Edith Sitwell September 7, 1887
Scarborough, England
December 9, 1964
London, England
1955, 1958, 1959 [513]
Adriaan Roland Holst May 23, 1888
Amsterdam, Netherlands
August 5, 1976
Bergen, Netherlands
1955, 1961 [514][515]
William Somerset Maugham January 25, 1874
Paris, France
December 16, 1965
Nice, France
1955, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965 [516]
Leslie Poles Hartley December 30, 1895
Whittlesey, England
December 13, 1972
London, England
1955, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1966 [517]
Henri Bosco November 16, 1888
Avignon, France
May 4, 1976
Nice, France
1955, 1956, 1965, 1966, 1968 [518]
Giuseppe Ungaretti February 8, 1888
Alexandria, Egypt
June 1, 1970
Milan, Italy
1955, 1956, 1958, 1964, 1965, 1969, 1970 [519]
Ezra Pound October 30, 1885
Idaho, United States
November 1, 1972
Venice, Italy
1955, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972 [520]
1956
Pablo Neruda July 12, 1904
Parral, Chile
September 23, 1973
Santiago, Chile
1956, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 Awarded the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature.[521]
Marthe Bibesco January 28, 1886
Bucharest, Romania
November 28, 1973
Paris, France
1956 [522]
Bertolt Brecht February 10, 1898
Augsburg, Germany
August 14, 1956
East Berlin, Germany
1956 Nominated by André Bonnard (1888–1959) the only time.[523]
Died before the only chance to be rewarded.
Francesco Chiesa July 5, 1871
Sagno, Switzerland
June 13, 1973
Lugano, Switzerland
1956 [524]
Melpo Axioti July 15, 1905
Athens, Greece
May 22, 1973
Athens, Greece
1956 Nominated by André Bonnard (1888–1959) the only time.[525]
Elizabeth Goudge April 24, 1900
Wells, England
April 1, 1984
Oxfordshire, England
1956, 1959 Nominated by Edmond Privat (1889–1962) the only time.[526]
Jules Supervielle January 16, 1884
Montevideo, Uruguay
May 17, 1960
Paris, France
1956, 1957, 1960 [527]
Gonzague de Reynold July 15, 1880
Cressier, Switzerland
April 9, 1970
Fribourg, Switzerland
1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960 [528]
Armand Godoy April 1, 1880
Havana, Cuba
March 11, 1964
Lausanne, Switzerland
1956, 1957, 1960, 1961 [529]
Vasco Pratolini October 19, 1913
Florence, Italy
January 12, 1991
Rome, Italy
1956, 1959, 1963 Nominated by Paul Renucci (1915–1976) each time.[530]
Christopher Fry December 18, 1907
Bristol, England
June 30, 2005
Chichester, England
1956, 1959, 1960, 1964 [531]
Jean Guitton August 18, 1901
Saint-Étienne, France
March 21, 1999
Paris, France
1956, 1965 Nominated by Édouard Delebecque (1910–1990) the only time.[532]
Marcel Pagnol February 28, 1895
Aubagne, France
April 18, 1974
Paris, France
1956, 1959, 1966 [533]
Ernst Jünger March 29, 1895
Heidelberg, Germany
February 17, 1998
Riedlingen, Germany
1956, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967 [534]
Henry de Montherlant April 20, 1895
Paris, France
September 21, 1972
Paris, France
1956, 1957, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1971 [535]
Gabriel Marcel December 7, 1889
Paris, France
October 8, 1973
Paris, France
1956, 1957, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1972 [536]
Jorge Luis Borges August 24, 1899
Buenos Aires, Argentina
June 14, 1986
Geneva, Switzerland
1956, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [537]
1957
Jean-Paul Sartre June 21, 1905
Paris, France
April 15, 1980
Paris, France
1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 Awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature but declined the prize.[538]
Samuel Beckett April 13, 1906
Foxrock, Ireland
December 22, 1989
Paris, France
1957, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 Awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature.[539]
Lennox Robinson October 4, 1886
Cork, Ireland
October 15, 1958
Dublin, Ireland
1957 [540]
Valery Larbaud August 29, 1881
Vichy, France
February 2, 1957
Vichy, France
1957 Nominated by Pierre Costil (1901–1968) the only time.[541]
Died before the only chance to be rewarded.
Carl Hendrik Knuth Becker January 21, 1891
Hjørring, Denmark
October 30, 1974
Vår, Denmark
1957 Nominated by Sven Clausen (1893–1961) the only time.[542]
Jan Parandowski May 11, 1895
Lviv, Ukraine
September 26, 1978
Warsaw, Poland
1957, 1959 [543]
Frank Thiess March 13, 1890
Ikšķile, Latvia
December 22, 1977
Darmstadt, Germany
1957, 1962 [544]
Carlo Levi November 29, 1902
Turin, Italy
January 4, 1975
Rome, Italy
1957, 1966 [545]
Mircea Eliade March 13, 1907
Bucharest, Romania
April 22, 1986
Illinois, United States
1957, 1968 [546]
Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz February 20, 1894
Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine
March 2, 1980
Warsaw, Poland
1957, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1969 [547]
André Chamson June 6, 1900
Nîmes, France
November 9, 1983
Paris, France
1957, 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [548]
Väinö Linna December 20, 1920
Urjala, Finland
April 21, 1992
Kangasala, Finland
1957, 1963, 1964, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973 [549]
1958
Salvatore Quasimodo August 20, 1901
Modica, Italy
June 14, 1968
Naples, Italy
1958, 1959 Awarded the 1959 Nobel Prize in Literature.[550]
Ivo Andrić October 10, 1892
Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
March 13, 1975
Belgrade, Serbia
1958, 1959, 1960, 1961 Awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Literature.[551]
Elio Vittorini July 23, 1908
Syracuse, Italy
February 12, 1966
Milan, Italy
1958 Nominated by Stuart Pratt Atkins (1914–2000) the only time.[552]
James Gould Cozzens August 19, 1903
Illinois, United States
August 9, 1978
Florida, United States
1958 Nominated by Gordon S. Haight (1901–1985) the only time.[553]
John Hersey June 17, 1914
Tianjin, China
March 24, 1993
Florida, United States
1958 Nominated by Helen Rose Hull (1888–1971) the only time.[554]
Fernand Baldensperger May 4, 1871
Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, France
February 24, 1958
Paris, France
1958 Nominated by Alan Carey Taylor (1905–1975) the only time.[555]
Died before the only chance to be rewarded.
Elizabeth Bowen June 7, 1899
Dublin, Ireland
February 22, 1973
London, England
1958 Nominated by Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) the only time.[556]
John Cowper Powys October 8, 1872
Shirley, England
June 17, 1963
Blaenau Ffestiniog, Wales
1958, 1959, 1962 [557]
Rudolf Alexander Schröder January 26, 1878
Bremen, Germany
August 22, 1962
Bad Wessee, Germany
1958, 1960, 1962 [558][559]
Maurice Bowra April 8, 1898
Jiujiang, China
July 4, 1971
Oxford, England
1958, 1961, 1965 [560]
Jun'ichirō Tanizaki July 24, 1886
Tokyo, Japan
July 30, 1965
Kanagawa, Japan
1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 [561]
Lionel Trilling July 4, 1905
New York, United States
November 5, 1975
New York, United States
1958, 1963, 1965 [562]
Robert Penn Warren April 24, 1905
Kentucky, United States
September 15, 1989
Vermont, United States
1958, 1965, 1967 [563]
Junzaburō Nishiwaki January 20, 1894
Niigata, Japan
June 5, 1982
Niigata, Japan
1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 [564][565]
Georges Simenon February 13, 1903
Liège, Belgium
September 4, 1989
Lausanne, Switzerland
1958, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1970 [566]
Tennessee Williams March 26, 1911
Mississippi, United States
February 25, 1983
New York, United States
1958, 1971 [567]
Miroslav Krleža July 7, 1893
Zagreb, Croatia
December 29, 1981
Zagreb, Croatia
1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [568]
1959
Ernest Claes October 24, 1885
Scherpenheuvel-Zichem, Belgium
September 2, 1968
Ixelles, Belgium
1959 Nominated by W. F. Mainland (?) the only time.[569]
Sochi Raut Roy May 13, 1916
Khordha district, India
August 21, 2004
Cuttack, India
1959 Nominated by Radhakamal Mukerjee (1889–1968) the only time.[570]
Osbert Sitwell December 6, 1892
London, England
May 4, 1969
Florence, Italy
1959 Nominated jointly with Edith Sitwell by Alexander Gillies (1907–1982) the only time.[571][572]
Sacheverell Sitwell November 15, 1897
Scarborough, England
October 1, 1988
Towcester, England
1959
Charles Mauron June 27, 1899
Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France
December 4, 1966
Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France
1959 Nominated by Charles Rostaing (1904–1999) the only time.[573]
Mario Roques July 1, 1875
Callao, Peru
March 8, 1961
Paris, France
1959, 1960 Nominated by Ida-Marie Frandon (1907–1997) each time.[574]
Martin Heidegger September 26, 1889
Meßkirch, Germany
May 26, 1976
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
1959, 1960 [575]
Stefan Andres June 26, 1906
Trittenheim, Germany
June 29, 1970
Rome, Italy
1959, 1963 [576]
Juana de Ibarbourou March 8, 1892
Melo, Uruguay
July 15, 1979
Montevideo, Uruguay
1959, 1960, 1963 [577]
Heimito von Doderer September 5, 1896
Vienna, Austria
December 23, 1966
Vienna Austria
1959, 1960, 1962, 1964 [578]
María Raquel Adler ca. 1900
Argentine Sea
July 28, 1974
Bernal, Argentina
1959, 1965 [579]
Miguel Torga August 12, 1907
São Martinho de Anta, Portugal
January 17, 1995
Coimbra, Portugal
1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1966 [580]
Arnold Zweig November 10, 1887
Glogow, Poland
November 26, 1968
East Berlin, Germany
1959, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1967 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[581]
Hans Egon Holthusen April 15, 1913
Rendsburg, Germany
January 21, 1997
Munich, Germany
1959, 1968 [582]
Étienne Gilson June 13, 1884
Paris, France
September 19, 1978
Auxerre, France
1959, 1964, 1969 [583]
Louis Aragon October 3, 1897
Paris, France
December 24, 1982
Paris, France
1959, 1960, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972 [584]
Anna Seghers November 19, 1900
Mainz, Germany
June 1, 1983
East Berlin, Germany
1959, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972 [585]
Frank Raymond Leavis July 14, 1895
Cambridge, England
April 14, 1978
Cambridge, England
1959, 1962, 1973 [586]
Max Frisch May 15, 1911
Zürich, Switzerland
April 4, 1991
Zürich, Switzerland
1959, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973 [587]
Julien Gracq July 27, 1910
Mauges-sur-Loire, France
December 22, 2007
Angers, France
1959, 1960, 1961, 1972, 1973 [588]

1960–1969

[edit]
Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1960
Heinrich Böll December 21, 1917
Cologne, Germany
July 16, 1985
Kreuzau, Germany
1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 Awarded the 1972 Nobel Prize in Literature.[589]
Wesley LaViolette January 4, 1894
Minnesota, United States
July 29, 1978
California, United States
1960 Nominated by Vinayaka Krishna Gokak (1909–1992) the only time.[590]
Karl Waggerl December 10, 1897
Badgestein, Austria
November 4, 1973
Schwarzach im Pongau, Austria
1960 Nominated by Friedrich Wild (1888–1966) the only time.[591]
Aquilino Ribeiro September 13, 1885
Sernancelhe, Portugal
May 27, 1963
Lisbon, Portugal
1960 [592]
Wilhelm Lehmann May 4, 1882
Puerto Cabello, Venezuela
November 17, 1968
Eckernförde, Germany
1960 Nominated by Friedrich Sengle (1909–1994) the only time.[593]
Marie Noël February 16, 1883
Auxerre, France
December 23, 1967
Auxerre, France
1960 Nominated by Maurice Bémol (1900–1961) the only time.[594]
Jean Price-Mars October 15, 1876
Grande Rivière du Nord, Haiti
March 1, 1969
Petion-Ville, Haiti
1960 [595]
James Thurber December 8, 1894
Ohio, United States
November 2, 1961
New York, United States
1960 [596]
Franz Theodor Csokor September 6, 1885
Vienna, Austria
January 5, 1969
Vienna, Austria
1960, 1962 [597]
Stratis Myrivilis June 30, 1890
Lesbos, Greece
July 19, 1969
Athens, Greece
1960, 1962, 1963 [598]
Elias Venezis March 4, 1904
Ayvalık, Turkey
August 3, 1974
Athens, Greece
1960, 1963 [599]
Aksel Sandemose March 19, 1899
Nykobing Mors, Denmark
August 6, 1965
Copenhagen, Denmark
1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 [600]
John Boyton Priestley September 13, 1894
Bradford, England
August 14, 1984
Stratford-upon-Avon, England
1960, 1964, 1966 [601]
René Char June 14, 1907
L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue, France
February 19, 1988
Paris, France
1960, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1973 [602]
1961
Yasunari Kawabata June 14, 1899
Osaka, Japan
April 16, 1972
Kanagawa, Japan
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 Awarded the 1968 Nobel Prize in Literature.[603]
Michel de Ghelderode April 3, 1898
Ixelles, Belgium
April 1, 1962
Brussels, Belgium
1961 Nominated by Eric Bentley (1916–2020) the only time.[604]
Cora Sandel December 20, 1880
Oslo, Norway
April 3, 1974
Uppsala, Sweden
1961 Nominated by Harald Ofstad (1920–1994) the only time.[605]
Gaston Bachelard June 27, 1884
Bar-sur-Aube, France
October 16, 1962
Paris, France
1961 Nominated by Georges May (1920–2003) the only time.[606]
Giulia Scappino Murena 1902
Italy
1970s (or prob. 1967)
Riccione, Rimini, Italy
1961, 1962 Nominated by Alfredo Galletti (1872–1962) each time and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[607]
Arthur Waley August 19, 1889
Royal Tunbridge Wells, England
June 27, 1966
London, England
1961, 1962, 1964 [608]
Jean Anouilh June 23, 1910
Bordeaux, France
October 3, 1987
Lausanne, Switzerland
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1968 [609]
Pierre Jean Jouve October 11, 1887
Arras, France
January 8, 1976
Paris, France
1961, 1964, 1968, 1969 [610]
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien January 3, 1892
Bloemfontein, South Africa
September 2, 1973
Bournemouth, England
1961, 1967, 1969 [611]
Edmund Wilson May 8, 1895
New Jersey, United States
June 12, 1972
New York, United States
1961, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 [612]
Lawrence Durrell February 27, 1912
Jalandhar, India
November 7, 1990
Sommières, France
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1971 [613]
Charles Percy Snow October 15, 1905
Leicester, England
July 1, 1980
London, England
1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1970, 1971 [614][615][616]
Wystan Hugh Auden February 21, 1907
York, England
September 29, 1973
Vienna, Austria
1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [617]
Simone de Beauvoir January 9, 1908
Paris, France
April 14, 1986
Paris, France
1961, 1969, 1973 [618]
Friedrich Dürrenmatt January 5, 1921
Konolfingen, Switzerland
December 14, 1990
Neuchâtel, Switzerland
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [619]
1962
Eyvind Johnson July 29, 1900
Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden[620]
August 25, 1976
Stockholm, Sweden
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 Shared the 1974 Nobel Prize in Literature with Harry Martinson.[621]
Boris Zaytsev February 10, 1881
Oryol, Russia
January 22, 1972
Paris, France
1962 Nominated by Rostislav Pletnv (1903–1985) the only time.[622]
Humphrey Davy Findley Kitto February 6, 1897
Stroud, England
January 21, 1982
Bristol, England
1962 Nominated by William Beare (1933–2019) the only time.[623]
André Schwarz-Bart May 23, 1928
Metz, France
September 30, 2006
Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
1962 Nominated by Ingerid Dal (1895–1985) the only time.[624]
Hans Erich Nossack January 30, 1901
Hamburg, Germany
November 2, 1977
Hamburg, Germany
1962 Nominated by Josef Math (?) the only time.[625]
Manfred Georg Andreas Hausmann September 10, 1898
Kassel, Germany
August 6, 1986
Bremen, Germany
1962 Nominated by Heinrich Dörrie (1911–1983) the only time.[626]
Ronald Syme March 11, 1903
Eltham, New Zealand
September 4, 1989
Oxford, England
1962 Nominated by Albrecht Dihle (1923–2020) the only time.[627]
Pietro Ubaldi August 18, 1886
Foligno, Italy
February 29, 1972
São Paulo, Brazil
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 [628]
Josep Carner February 9, 1884
Barcelona, Spain
June 4, 1970
Brussels, Belgium
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1970 [629]
Roman Jakobson October 10, 1896
Moscow, Russia
July 18, 1982
Massachusetts, United States
1962, 1971, 1972 [630]
Jorge Guillén January 18, 1893
Valladolid, Spain
February 6, 1984
Málaga, Spain
1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973 [631]
William Heinesen January 15, 1900
Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
March 12, 1991
Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
1962, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [632]
Erich Kästner February 23, 1899
Dresden, Germany
July 29, 1974
Munich, Germany
1962, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [633]
Vilhelm Moberg August 20, 1898
Algutsboda, Sweden
August 8, 1973
Väddö, Sweden
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [634]
Carl Zuckmayer December 27, 1896
Nackenheim, Germany
January 18, 1977
Saas Fee, Switzerland
1962, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973 [635]
1963
Nelly Sachs December 10, 1891
Berlin, Germany
May 12, 1970
Stockholm, Sweden
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 Shared the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature with Shmuel Yosef Agnon.[636]
Ingeborg Bachmann June 25, 1926
Klagenfurt, Austria
October 17, 1973
Rome, Italy
1963 Nominated by Harald Patzer (1910–2005) the only time.[637]
Emilio Cecchi July 14, 1884
Florence, Italy
September 5, 1966
Rome, Italy
1963 Nominated by Howard Rosario Marraro (1897–1972) the only time.[638]
Jean Cocteau July 5, 1889
Maisons-Laffitte, France
October 11, 1963
Milly-la-Forêt, France
1963 Nominated by Léon Cellier (1911–1976) the only time.[639]
Ingemar Düring September 2, 1903
Gothenburg, Sweden
December 23, 1984
Gothenburg, Sweden
1963 Nominated by Franz Dirlmeier (1904–1977) the only time.[640]
René Étiemble January 26, 1909
Mayenne, France
January 7, 2002
Vigny, France
1963 Nominated by Auguste Haury (1910–2002) the only time.[641]
Yevgeny Yevtushenko July 18, 1932
Zima, Russia
April 1, 2017
Oklahoma, United States
1963 Nominated by Konrad Bittner (1890–1967) the only time.[642]
Rudolf Pfeiffer September 20, 1889
Augsburg, Germany
May 5, 1979
Dachau, Germany
1963 Nominated by Will Richter (1910–1984) the only time.[643]
Kate Roberts February 13, 1891
Rhosgadfan, Wales
April 14, 1985
Denbigh, Wales
1963 Nominated by Idris Foster (1911–1984) the only time.[644]
André Breton February 18, 1896
Tinchebray-Bocage, France
September 28, 1966
Paris, France
1963, 1964 [645]
Ramón José Sender February 3, 1901
Chalamera, Spain
February 16, 1982
California, United States
1963, 1964 [646]
Jean Guéhenno March 25, 1890
Fougères, France
September 22, 1978
Paris, France
1963, 1964, 1965 Nominated by Edmond Jarno (1905–1985) each time.[647]
Karl Löwith January 9, 1897
Munich, Germany
May 26, 1973
Heidelberg, Germany
1963, 1964, 1967 Nominated by Franz Dirlmeier (1904–1977) each time.[648]
Charles de Gaulle November 22, 1890
Lille, France
November 9, 1970
Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, France
1963, 1968 President of France (1959–1969).[649]
Yukio Mishima January 14, 1925
Tokyo, Japan
November 25, 1970
Tokyo, Japan
1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968 [650]
Gustave Thibon September 2, 1903
Saint-Marcel-d'Ardèche, France
January 19, 2001
Saint-Marcel-d'Ardèche, France
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968 Nominated by Édouard Delebecque (1910–1990) each time.[651]
Erico Verissimo December 17, 1905
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
November 28, 1975
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
1963, 1968 [652]
Marcel Jouhandeau July 26, 1888
Guéret, France
April 7, 1979
Rueil-Malmaison, France
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969 Nominated by Jean Gaulmier (1905–1997) each time.[653]
Henri Queffélec January 29, 1910
Brest, France
January 12, 1992
Paris, France
1963, 1972 [654]
Michel Butor September 14, 1926
Mons-en-Barœul, France
August 24, 2016
Contamine-sur-Arve, France
1963, 1964, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973 [655]
Vladimir Nabokov April 22, 1899
Saint Petersburg, Russia
July 2, 1977
Montreux, Switzerland
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973 [656]
Léopold Sédar Senghor October 9, 1906
Joal-Fadiout, Senegal
December 20, 2001
Verson, France
1963, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 1st President of Senegal (1960 – 1980).
Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[657]
1964
Miguel Ángel Asturias October 19, 1899
Guatemala City, Guatemala
June 9, 1974
Madrid, Spain
1964, 1965, 1966, 1967 Awarded the 1967 Nobel Prize in Literature.[658]
Harry Martinson May 6, 1904
Jämshög, Sweden
February 11, 1978
Solna, Sweden
1964, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 Shared the 1974 Nobel Prize in Literature with Eyvind Johnson[659]
Camilo José Cela May 11, 1916
Iria Flavia, Spain
January 17, 2002
Madrid, Spain
1964, 1973 Awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Literature.[660]
Jérôme Carcopino June 27, 1881
Eure, France
March 17, 1970
Paris, France
1964 Nominated by Pierre Grimal (1912–1996) the only time.[661]
Jacques Perret September 8, 1901
Trappes, France
December 10, 1992
Paris, France
1964 Nominated by Paul Pédech (1912–2005) the only time.[662]
Jacques Pirenne June 26, 1891
Ghent, Belgium
September 7, 1972
Hierges, France
1964 Nominated by Pierre Nothomb (1887–1966) the only time.[663]
Ina Seidel September 15, 1885
Halle (Saale), Germany
October 2, 1974
Schäftlarn, Germany
1964 Nominated by Günther Jachmann (1887–1979) the only time.[664]
Pierre Emmanuel May 3, 1916
Gan, France
September 24, 1984
Paris, France
1964, 1966 [665]
Hossein Ghods-Nakhai ca. 1894
Mazandaran, Iran
December 30, 1977
Shiraz, Iran
1964, 1966 [666]
Judith Wright May 31, 1915
Armidale, Australia
June 25, 2000
Canberra, Australia
1964, 1965, 1967 [667]
Gunnar Ekelöf September 15, 1907
Stockholm, Sweden
March 16, 1968
Sigtuna, Sweden
1964, 1968 [668]
Hugh MacDiarmid August 11, 1892
Langholm, Scotland
September 9, 1978
Edinburgh, Scotland
1964, 1968 Nominated by David Daiches (1912–2005) each time.[669]
Katherine Anne Porter May 15, 1890
Texas, United States
September 18, 1980
Maryland, United States
1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 [670]
Paul Celan November 23, 1920
Cernăuți, Romania
April 20, 1970
Paris, France
1964, 1966, 1968, 1969 [671]
Eugène Ionesco November 26, 1909
Slatina, Romania
March 28, 1994
Paris, France
1964, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 [672]
James Thomas Farrell February 27, 1904
Illinois, United States
August 22, 1979
New York, United States
1964, 1973 [673]
Robert Lowell March 1, 1917
Boston, United States
September 12, 1977
New York, United States
1964, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1973 [674]
Henri Michaux May 24, 1899
Namur, Belgium
October 19, 1984
Paris, France
1964, 1973 [675]
José María Pemán May 8, 1897
Cádiz, Spain
July 19, 1981
Cádiz, Spain
1964, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1972, 1973 [676]
1965[677]
Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno September 11, 1903
Frankfurt, Germany
August 6, 1969
Visp, Switzerland
1965 Nominated by Helmut Viebrock (1912–1997) the only time.[678]
Alceu Amoroso Lima December 11, 1893
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
August 14, 1983
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1965 [679]
Tudor Arghezi May 21, 1880
Bucharest, Romania
July 14, 1967
Bucharest, Romania
1965 Nominated by Angelo Monteverdi (1886–1967) the only time.[680]
Gilbert Cesbron January 13, 1913
Paris, France
August 12, 1979
Paris, France
1965 Nominated by Pierre Jonin (1912–1997) the only time.[681]
Sudhindra Nath Ghose July 30, 1899
Bardhaman, Bengal
December 30, 1965
London, England[682]
1965 Nominated by Henri de Ziégler (1885–1970) the only time.[683]
Gopal Singh November 29, 1917
Goa, India
August 8, 1990
Goa, India
1965 [684]
Giovannino Guareschi May 1, 1908
Roccabianca, Italy
July 22, 1968
Cervia, Italy
1965 Nominated by Mario Manlio Rossi (1895–1971) the only time.[685]
Pêr-Jakez Helias February 17, 1914
Pouldreuzic, France
August 13, 1995
Quimper, France
1965 Nominated by André Lebois (1915–1978) the only time.[686]
Wilhelm Röpke October 10, 1899
Schwarmstedt, Germany
February 12, 1966
Geneva, Switzerland
1965 Nominated by Olof Gigon (1912–1998) the only time.[687]
Alan Sillitoe March 4, 1928
Nottingham, England
April 25, 2010
London, England
1965 Nominated by Robert Graves (1895–1985) the only time.[688]
Carl Erik Soya October 30, 1896
Copenhagen, Denmark
November 10, 1983
Rudkøbing, Denmark
1965 [689]
Henri Troyat November 1, 1911
Moscow, Russia
March 2, 2007
Paris, France
1965 Nominated by Ernst Dickenmann (1902–1985) the only time.[690]
Marguerite Yourcenar June 8, 1903
Brussels, Belgium
December 17, 1987
Maine, United States
1965 Nominated by Ida-Marie Frandon (1907–1997) the only time.[691]
Juan Antonio de Zunzunegui December 21, 1901
Portugalete, Spain
May 31, 1982
Madrid, Spain
1965 Nominated by Elie Poulenard (1901–1985) the only time.[692]
Anna Akhmatova June 23, 1889
Odesa, Ukraine
March 5, 1966
Domodedovo, Russia
1965, 1966 [693]
Marie Luise Kaschnitz January 31, 1901
Karlsruhe, Germany
October 10, 1974
Rome, Italy
1965, 1967 Nominated by Hermann Tiemann (1899–1981) each time.[694]
Konstantin Paustovsky May 31, 1892
Moscow, Russia
July 14, 1968
Moscow, Russia
1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 [695]
Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh January 13, 1892
Isfahan, Iran
November 8, 1997
Geneva, Switzerland[696]
1965, 1967, 1969 [697]
Alejo Carpentier December 26, 1904
Lausanne, Switzerland
April 24, 1980
Paris, France
1965, 1966, 1967, 1971 [698]
Zayn al-ʻĀbidīn Rahnamā 1894
Iran
1990
Iran
1965, 1967, 1973 [699]
Gyula Illyés November 2, 1902
Pálfa, Hungary
April 15, 1983
Budapest, Hungary
1965, 1966, 1972, 1973 [700]
1966[701]
Günter Grass October 16, 1927
Free City of Danzig, Germany
April 13, 2015
Lübeck, Germany
1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 Awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature.[702]
Johan Borgen April 28, 1902
Oslo, Norway
October 16, 1979
Hvaler, Norway
1966 Nominated by Harry Martinson (1904–1978) the only time.[703]
Carlo Emilio Gadda November 14, 1893
Milan, Italy
May 21, 1973
Rome, Italy
1966 Nominated by Mario Pei (1901–1978) the only time.[704]
Thierry Maulnier October 1, 1909
Alès, France
September 26, 1988
Marnes-la-Coquette, France
1966 Nominated by Félix Carrère (1911–1991) the only time.[705]
Henry Muller August 21, 1902
Muhlbach-sur-Bruche, France
November 15, 1980
Paris, France
1966 Nominated by Pierre Lyautey (1893–1976) the only time.[706]
Walter Pabst March 9, 1907
Darmstadt, Germany
November 18, 1992
Berlin, Germany
1966 Nominated by Günther Reichenkron (1907–1966) the only time.[707]
Alexandre Arnoux February 27, 1884
Digne, France
January 5, 1973
Paris, France
1966, 1968 Nominated by François Bar (?) each time.[708]
Pierre-Henri Simon January 16, 1903
Saint-Fort-sur-Gironde, France
September 20, 1972
Ville-d'Avray, France
1966, 1968 [709]
Witold Gombrowicz August 4, 1904
Małoszyce, Poland
July 24, 1969
Vence, France
1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 [710]
Arnold Wesker May 24, 1932
London, England
April 12, 2016
Brighton, England
1966, 1969 [711]
1967[712]
Saul Bellow June 10, 1915
Lachine, Quebec, Canada
April 5, 2005
Brookline, Massachusetts, United States
1967, 1971, 1972, 1973 Awarded the 1976 Nobel Prize in Literature.[713][714]
Claude Simon October 10, 1913
Tananarive, Madagascar
Jule 6, 2005
Paris, France
1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 Awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Literature.[715][716]
Arturo Capdevila March 14, 1889
Córdoba, Argentina
December 20, 1967
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1967 [717]
Hans Magnus Enzensberger November 11, 1929
Kaufbeuren, Germany
November 24, 2022
Munich, Germany
1967 Nominated by Wolfgang Baumgart (1949–2011) the only time.[718]
Jean Genet December 19, 1910
Paris, France
April 15, 1986
Paris, France
1967 Nominated by Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982) the only time.[719]
Lawrence Sargent Hall April 23, 1915
Haverill, Massachusetts, United States
October 28, 1993
Orr's Island, Maine, United States
1967 Nominated by Robert Brumbaugh (1918–1992) the only time.[720]
Friedrich Georg Jünger September 1, 1898
Hanover, Germany
July 20, 1977
Überlingen, Germany
1967 Nominated by Fritz Schalk (1902–1980) the only time.[721]
Basij Khalkhali April 16, 1918
Khalkhal, Iran
December 31, 1995
Tehran, Iran
1967 Nominated by Sadeq Rezazadeh Shafaq (1892–1971) the only time.[722]
György Lukács April 13, 1885
Budapest, then Austria-Hungary
June 4, 1971
Budapest, Hungary
1967 Nominated by Erik Lindegren (1910–1968) the only time.[723]
André Pézard June 22, 1893
Paris, France
August 26, 1984
Sault, Vaucluse, France
1967 Nominated by Wilhelm Theodor Elwert (1906–1997) the only time.[724]
Pavlo Tychyna January 23, 1891
Pisky, Ukraine
September 16, 1967
Kiev, Ukraine
1967 Tychyna has died before the only chance to be rewarded.

Nominated jointly with Ivan Drach by Omeljan Pritsak (1919–2006) the only time.[725][726]



Lina Kostenko March 19, 1930
Rzhyshchiv, Ukraine
Ivan Drach March 14, 1936
Telischynzi, Tetijiw district, Ukraine
June 19, 2018
Kyiv, Ukraine
1967, 1969 Nominated by Omeljan Pritsak (1919–2006) each time.[727]
Carlos Drummond de Andrade October 31, 1902
Itabira, Brazil
August 17, 1987
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1967, 1969 [728]
Emil Boyson September 4, 1897
Bergen, Norway
June 2, 1979
Oslo, Norway
1967, 1969 Nominated by Asbjørn Aarnes (1923–2013) each time.[729]
Germán Pardo García July 19, 1902
Ibagué, Colombia
August 23, 1991
Mexico City, Mexico
1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 [730]
Jorge Amado August 10, 1912
Itabuna, Brazil
August 6, 2001
Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [731]
Rabbe Enckell March 3, 1903
Tammela, Finland
June 17, 1974
Helsinki, Finland
1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [732]
1968[733]
Patrick White May 28, 1912
Knightsbridge, London, England
September 30, 1990
Sydney, Australia
1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 Awarded the 1973 Nobel Prize in Literature.[734][735]
Mildred Mathews Breedlove May 27, 1904
Coal Hill, Arkansas, United States
August 14, 1994
Ferron, Utah, United States
1968 [736]
Konstantin Fedin February 24, 1892
Saratov, Russia
July 15, 1977
Moscow, Russia
1968 [737]
Zbigniew Herbert October 29, 1924
Lwów, then Poland
July 28, 1998
Warsaw, Poland
1968 Nominated jointly with Graham Greene and Sławomir Mrożek by Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982) the only time.[738]
Segismundo Masel 1895
1985
Argentina
1968 Nominated by Antonio de Tornes Ballesteros (?) the only time.[739]
Marianne Moore November 15, 1887
Kirkwood, Missouri, United States
February 5, 1972
New York City, United States
1968 Nominated by Erik Lindegren (1910–1968) the only time.[740]
Peter Vansittart August 27, 1920
Bedford, England
October 4, 2008
Ipswich, England
1968 Nominated by Herbert Howarth (1900-1971) the only time.[741]
Kazimierz Wierzyński August 27, 1894
Drohobych, now Ukraine
February 13, 1969
London, England
1968 Nominated by unnamed nominator the only time.[742]
Joseph Delteil April 20, 1894
Villar-en-Val, France
April 16, 1978
Grabels, France
1968, 1969 [743]
Claude Lévi-Strauss November 28, 1908
Brussels, Belgium
October 30, 2009
Paris, France
1968, 1969 [744]
Agustí Bartra November 8, 1908
Barcelona, Spain
July 7, 1982
Terrassa, Spain
1968, 1969, 1970 Nominated by Manuel Durán (1925–2020) each time.[745]
Friedebert Tuglas March 2, 1886
Ahja, now Estonia
April 15, 1971
Tallinn, Estonia
1968, 1969, 1970 [746][747]
Angus Wilson August 11, 1913
Bexhill-on-Sea, England
May 31, 1991
Bury St Edmunds, England
1968, 1971 [748]
Luis Buñuel February 22, 1900
Calanda, Spain
July 29, 1983
Mexico City, Mexico
1968, 1972 [749]
Edward Compton Mackenzie January 17, 1883
West Hartlepool, England
November 30, 1972
Edinburgh, Scotland
1968, 1970, 1971, 1972 [750]
Sławomir Mrożek June 29, 1930
Borzęcin, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, then Poland
August 15, 2013
Nice, France
1968, 1972 [751]
Vladimír Holan September 16, 1905
Prague, now Czech Republic
March 31, 1980
Kampa Island, Prague, Czech Republic
1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [752]
G.L.Martin-Saint-René November 22, 1888
Paris, France
January 21, 1973
Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
1968, 1969, 1972, 1973 [753]
Tadeusz Różewicz October 9, 1921
Radomsko, Poland
April 24, 2014
Wrocław, Poland
1968, 1971, 1973 [754]
1969[755]
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn December 11, 1918
Kislovodsk, Russia
August 3, 2008
Moscow, Russia
1969, 1970 Awarded the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature.[756]
Elias Canetti July 25, 1905
Ruse, Bulgaria
August 14, 1994
Zürich, Switzerland
1969, 1971, 1972, 1973 Awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in Literature.[757]
Jean Cassou July 9, 1897
Deusto, Spain
January 16, 1986
Paris, France
1969 Nominated by Giannēs Koutsocheras (1904–1994) the only time.[758]
Georges Dumézil March 4, 1898
Paris, France
October 11, 1986
Paris, France
1969 Nominated by Marcel Bataillon (1895–1977) the only time.[759]
Louis Guilloux January 15, 1899
Saint-Brieuc, France
October 14, 1980
Saint-Brieuc, France
1969 Nominated by Jean-Bertrand Barrère (1914–1985).[760]
Yasushi Inoue May 6, 1907
Asahikawa, Japan
January 29, 1991
Tokyo, Japan
1969 Nominated by Erich Ruprecht (1906–1997) the only time.[761]
Bernhard Karlgren October 15, 1889
Jönköping, now Sweden
October 20, 1978
Stockholm, Sweden
1969 Nominated by Walter Fuchs (1914–1993) the only time.[762]
Robert Pinget July 19, 1919
Geneva, Switzerland
August 25, 1997
Tours, France
1969 Nominated jointly with Vladimír Holan and Carlos Drummond de Andrade by Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) the only time.[763]
Anthony Powell December 21, 1905
Westminster, England
October 19, 1999
Frome, England
1969 Nominated by Jean Hamard (1920-2012) the only time.[764]
Raymond Queneau February 21, 1903
Le Havre, France
October 25, 1976
Paris, France
1969 Nominated by T. van den Heuvel (?) the only time.[765]
Jean Rateau-Landeville December 23, 1894
Chaville, France
February 14, 1972
Bordeaux, France
1969 Nominated by Pierre Flottes (1895–1994) the only time.[766]
Gustave Roud April 20, 1897
Saint-Légier-La Chiésaz, Switzerland
November 10, 1976
Moudon, Switzerland
1969 Nominated by Henri Perrochon (1899–1990) the only time.[767]
Nathalie Sarraute July 18, 1900
Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Russia
October 19, 1999
Paris, France
1969 Nominated by Lars Gyllensten (1921–2006) the only time.[768]
Ton Smerdel April 21, 1904
Silba, now Croatia
August 20, 1970
Zagreb, now Croatia
1969 Nominated by Christiaan Alphonsus van den Berk (1919–1979) the only time.[769]
Hồ Hữu Tường 1910
Thường Thạnh, now Vietnam
June 26, 1980
Saigon, Vietnam
1969 Nominated by Đông Hồ (1906–1969) the only time.[770]
Jerzy Andrzejewski August 19, 1909
Warsaw, now Poland
April 19, 1983
Warsaw, Poland
1969, 1970, 1971 [771]
Karl Krolow March 11, 1915
Hanover, Germany
July 26, 1999
Darmstadt, Germany
1969, 1971 Nominated by Emil Ernst Ploss (1925–1972) each time.[772]
Jacques Maritain November 18, 1882
Paris, France
April 28, 1973
Toulouse, France
1969, 1971 Nominated by Charles Dédéyan (1910–2003) each time.[773]
Alain Robbe-Grillet August 18, 1922
Brest, France
February 18, 2008
Caen, France
1969, 1971 Nominated by Henry Olsson (1896–1985) each time.[774]
Edward Albee March 12, 1928
Virginia, United States
September 16, 2016
Montauk, New York, United States
1969, 1971, 1972 [775]
Aimé Césaire June 26, 1913
Basse-Pointe, Martinique
April 17, 2008
Fort-de-France, Martinique
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 [776]
Tawfiq al-Hakim October 9, 1898
Alexandria, Egypt
July 26, 1987
Cairo, Egypt
1969, 1972 [777][778]
Siegfried Lenz March 17, 1926
Lyck, now Poland
October 7, 2014
Hamburg, Germany
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 [779]
Hugh MacLennan March 20, 1907
Glace Bay, Canada
November 9, 1990
Montreal, Canada
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 Nominated by Lawrence Lande (1906–1998) each time.[780]
Mécs László January 17, 1895
Kostoľany nad Hornádom, now Slovakia
November 9, 1978
Pannonhalma, Hungary
1969, 1970, 1972, 1973 [781]
Arthur Miller October 17, 1915
Harlem, New York City, United States
February 10, 2005
Roxbury, Connecticut, United States
1969, 1971, 1973 [782]
Hans Ruin June 18, 1891
Helsinki, now Finland
November 3, 1980
Stockholm, Sweden
1969, 1970, 1971, 1973 Nominated by Arthur Arnholtz (1901–1973) each time.[783]
Hannu Salama October 4, 1936
Kouvola, Finland
1969, 1973 [784]
Zaharia Stancu October 7, 1902
Salcia, Teleorman, Romania
December 5, 1974
Bucharest, Romania
1969, 1971, 1972, 1973 [785]
Gerard Walschap July 9, 1898
Londerzeel-Sint-Jozef, Belgium
October 25, 1989
Antwerp, Belgium
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [786]

1970–1974

[edit]

Nominees are published 50 years later so 1974 nominees should be published at the beginning of 2025.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1970[787]
Eugen Barbu February 20, 1924
Bucharest, Romania
September 7, 1993
Bucharest, Romania
1970 Nominated by Alexandru Rosetti (1895–1990) the only time.[788]
Hugo Bergmann December 25, 1883
Prague, now Czech Republic
June 18, 1975
Jerusalem, Israel
1970 Nominated by André Neher (1914–1988) the only time.[789]
Heðin Brú August 17, 1901
Skálavík, Faroe Islands
May 18, 1987
Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
1970 Nominated by Ólavur Michelsen (1933–1978) the only time.[790]
Robert Ganzo August 22, 1898
Caracas, Venezuela
April 6, 1995
Boulogne-Billancourt, France
1970 Nominated by André Lebois (1915–1978) the only time.[791]
Joseph (Dorra-)Haddad 1913
Yabroud, Syria
1979 1970 Nominated by Fouad E. Boustany (1904–1994) the only time.[792]
Sei Itō January 16, 1905
Otaru, Japan
November 15, 1969
Tokyo, Japan
1970 Nominated jointly (Itō - posthumously) by Serizawa Kōjirō (1897–1993) the only time.[793][794]
Tatsuzō Ishikawa July 2, 1905
Yokote, Akita, Japan
January 31, 1985
Tokyo, Japan
Yi Kwang-su February 1, 1892
Chongju, Korea
October 25, 1950
Manpo, North Korea
1970 Posthumously nominated by Chull Paik (1908–1985) the only time.[795]
Alexander Lernet-Holenia October 21, 1897
Vienna, now Austria
July 3, 1976
Vienna, Austria
1970 Nominated by Hilde Spiel (1911–1990) the only time.[796]
Victoria Ocampo April 7, 1890
Buenos Aires, Argentina
January 27, 1979
Béccar, Argentina
1970 Nominated by Miguel Alfredo Olivera (1922–2008) the only time.[797]
Emilio Oribe April 13, 1893
Melo, Uruguay
May 24, 1975
Montevideo, Uruguay
1970 Nominated by Sarah Bollo (1904–1987) the only time.[798]
Lluís Valeri i Sahís September 18, 1891
Barcelona, Spain
April, 1971
Barcelona, Spain
1970 Nominated by Antoni Griera i Gaja (1887–1973) the only time.[799]
Frank Waters July 25, 1902
Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
June 3, 1995
Arroyo Seco, New Mexico, United States
1970 Nominated by Thomas J. Lyon (born 1937) the only time.[800]
Saunders Lewis July 15, 1893
Wallasey, England
September 1, 1985
Cardiff, Wales
1970, 1972 Nominated by John Ellis Caerwyn Williams (1912–1999) each time.[801]
Harold Macmillan February 10, 1894
Belgravia, London, England
December 29, 1986
Chelwood Gate, England
1970, 1972 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1957–1963)

Nominated by Carl Becker (1925–1973) each time.[802]
Mikhail Naimy October 17, 1889
Baskinta, Lebanon
February 28, 1988
Beirut, Lebanon
1970, 1971, 1972 [803]
Pandelis Prevelakis February 18, 1909
Rethymno, Greece
March 15, 1986
Ekali, Greece
1970, 1972 Nominated by Kariophilēs Mētsakēs (1932–2013) each time.[804]
Denis de Rougemont September 8, 1906
Couvet, Switzerland
December 6, 1985
Geneva, Switzerland
1970, 1972 [805]
Abraham Sutzkever July 15, 1913
Smarhonʹ, now Belarus
January 20, 2010
Tel Aviv, Israel
1970, 1972 Nominated by Joseph Leftwich (1892–1984) each time.[806]
Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca August 26, 1914
Istanbul, Turkey
October 15, 2008
Istanbul, Turkey
1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [807]
Salvador Espriu July 10, 1913
Santa Coloma de Farners, Spain
February 22, 1985
Barcelona, Spain
1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [808]
Paavo Juhani Haavikko January 25, 1931
Helsinki, Finland
October 6, 2008
Helsinki, Finland
1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [809]
Evaristo Ribera Chevremont February 16, 1890
San Juan, Puerto Rico
March 1, 1976
San Juan, Puerto Rico
1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [810]
Sándor Weöres June 22, 1913
Szombathely, Hungary
January 22, 1989
Budapest, Hungary
1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 Nominated by Áron Kibédi Varga (1930–2018) each time.[811]
Amado Magcalas Yuzon August 30, 1906
Guagua, Philippines
January 17, 1979
Manila, Philippines
1970, 1973 [812]
1971[813]
William Golding September 19, 1911
Newquay, England
June 19, 1993
Perranarworthal, England
1971, 1972, 1973 Awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Literature.[814]
Elie Wiesel September 30, 1928
Sighet, Romania
July 2, 2016
Manhattan, New York City, United States
1971, 1972, 1973 Awarded the 1986 Nobel Peace Prize.[815]
José María Arguedas January 18, 1911
Andahuaylas, Peru
December 2, 1969
La Molina District, Peru
1971 Posthumously nominated by Elie Poulenard (1901–1985) the only time.[816]
James Baldwin August 2, 1924
New York City, United States
December 1, 1987
Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France
1971 Nominated by Jacob Louis Mey (1926–2023) the only time.[817]
Mykola Platonovych Bazhan October 9, 1904
Kamianets-Podilskyi, now Ukraine
November 23, 1983
Kiev, now Ukraine
1971 Nominated by Omeljan Pritsak (1919–2006) the only time.[818]
Jawad Boulos January 1, 1900
Zghorta, Lebanon
1982
1971 Nominated jointly with Georges Schéhadé by Camille Aboussouan (1919–2013) the only time.[819]
Lord Edward Christian David Gascoyne-Cecil April 9, 1902
Hatfield House, England
January 1, 1986
Cranborne, England
1971 Nominated by Leslie Poles Hartley (1895–1972) the only time.[820]
Tsendiin Damdinsüren September 14, 1908
Matad, Mongolia
May 27, 1986
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
1971 Nominated by Walther Heissig (1913–2005) the only time.[821]
Paul Demiéville September 13, 1894
Lausanne, Switzerland
March 23, 1979
Paris, France
1971 Nominated by Martin Gimm (born 1930) the only time.[822]
Maurice-Charles-Louis-Genevoix November 29, 1890
Decize, France
September 8, 1980
Alicante, Spain
1971 Nominated by Yves Gandon (1899–1975) the only time.[823]
Younghill Kang June 5, 1898
Hongwon County, Korea
December 2, 1972
Satellite Beach, Florida, United States
1971 Nominated by Robert Payne (1911–1983) the only time.[824]
Richard Eun Kook Kim March 13, 1932
Kankō, Korea
June 23, 2009
Massachusetts, United States
1971 Nominated by Chull Paik (1908–1985) the only time.[825]
Arthur Koestler September 5, 1905
Budapest, Hungary
March 1, 1983
London, England
1971 Nominated by Georges Matoré (1908–1998) the only time.[826]
Archibald MacLeish May 7, 1892
Glencoe, Illinois, United States
April 20, 1982
Boston, United States
1971 Nominated by William Scovil Anderson (1927–2022) the only time.[827]
Miquel Melendres i Rué March 11, 1902
Girona, Spain
March 10, 1974
Tarragona, Spain
1971 Nominated by Antoni Griera i Gaja (1887–1973) the only time.[828]
Fritiof Nilsson Piraten December 4, 1895
Vollsjö, Sweden
January 31, 1972
Malmö, Sweden
1971 Nominated by Bertil Ejder (1916–2005) the only time.[829]
Shih Robert (Shi Jieyun)[830] May 19, 1926
Tche-kiang, China
May 5, 1983 1971 Nominated by Étienne Lamotte (1903–1983) the only time.[831]
Henry William Williamson December 1, 1895
Brockley, London, England
August 13, 1977
Twyford Abbey, London, England
1971 Nominated by Petronella O'Flanagan (?) the only time.[832]
Philip A. Larkin August 9, 1922
Coventry, England
December 2, 1985
Kingston upon Hull, England
1971, 1972 Nominated by Jørgen Læssøe (1924–1993) each time.[833]
Georges Schéhadé November 2, 1905
Alexandria, Egypt
January 17, 1989
Paris, France
1971, 1972 [834]
Arno Schmidt January 18, 1914
Hamburg, Germany
June 3, 1979
Celle, Germany
1971, 1972 [835]
Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay July 23, 1898
Labhpur, West Bengal, India
September 14, 1971
Calcutta, West Bengal, India
1971, 1972, 1973 Died before the only chance to be awarded.[836]
Romain Gary May 21, 1914
Vilnius, now Lithuania
December 2, 1980
Paris, France
1971, 1972, 1973 Nominated by Walther Hinz (1906–1992) each time.[837]
Yiannis Ritsos May 1, 1909
Monemvasia, Greece
November 11, 1990
Athens, Greece
1971, 1972, 1973 [838]
José García Villa August 5, 1908
Manila, Philippines
February 7, 1997
New York City, United States
1971, 1973 [839]
1972[840]
Odysseas Elytis November 2, 1911
Heraklion, Crete
March 18, 1996
Athens, Greece
1972, 1973 Awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in Literature.[841]
Nadine Gordimer November 20, 1923
Springs, South Africa
July 13, 2014
Johannesburg, South Africa
1972, 1973 Awarded the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature.[842]
Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul August 17, 1932
Chaguanas, Caroni County, Trinidad and Tobago
August 11, 2018
London, England
1972, 1973 Awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Literature.[843]
Doris Lessing October 22, 1919
Kermanshah, Iran
November 17, 2013
London, England
1972, 1973 Awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature.[844]
Said Akl July 4, 1911
Zahlé, Lebanon
November 28, 2014
Beirut, Lebanon
1972 [845]
Austin Clarke May 9, 1896
Stoneybatter, Dublin, Ireland
March 19, 1974
Templeogue, Dublin, Ireland
1972 [846]
Jacob Glatstein August 20, 1896
Lublin, Poland
November 19, 1971
New York City, United States
1972 Nominatedby Moshe Starkman (1906–1975) the only time.[847]
Died before the only chance to be rewarded.
Joseph Heller May 1, 1923
Brooklyn, New York, United States
December 12, 1999
East Hampton, New York, United States
1972 Nominated by Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) the only time.[848]
Astrid Lindgren November 14, 1907
Vimmerby, Kalmar, Sweden
January 28, 2002
Stockholm, Sweden
1972 [849]
Stanislaus Lynch 1907
Ballyjamesduff, Ireland
1983
?
1972 Nominated by Desmond Clarke (1907–1979) the only time.[850]
Pak Tu-jin March 10, 1916
Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
September 16, 1998
Seoul, South Korea
1972 Nominated by Chull Paik (1908–1985) the only time.[851]
Alan Paton January 11, 1903
Pietermaritzburg, Colony of Natal, South Africa
April 12, 1988
Botha's Hill, South Africa
1972 Nominated by Astley Cooper Partridge (1901–?) the only time.[852]
Philip Roth March 19, 1933
Newark, New Jersey, United States
May 22, 2018
New York City, United States
1972 Nominated by Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) the only time.[853]
Francis Stuart April 29, 1902
Townsville, Queensland, Australia
February 2, 2000
County Clare, Ireland
1972 Nominated by Desmond Clarke (1907–1979) the only time.[854]
Vu Hoang Chuong May 14, 1915
Phù Ủng, Vietnam
September 6, 1976
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
1972 Nominated by Thanh Lãng (1924–1978) the only time.[855]
Aaron Zeitlin June 3, 1898
Uvarovichi, now Belarus
September 28, 1973
Queens, New York, United States
1972 Nominated by Moshe Starkman (1906–1975) the only time.[856]
Louis Paul Boon March 15, 1912
Aalst, Belgium
May 10, 1979
Erembodegem, Belgium
1972, 1973 [857]
Anthony Burgess February 25, 1917
Harpurhey, Manchester, England
November 22, 1993
St John's Wood, London, England
1972, 1973 Nominated by Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) each time.[858]
Suniti Kumar Chatterji November 26, 1890
Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India
May 29, 1977
Calcutta, West Bengal, India
1972, 1973 [859]
Sri Chinmoy August 27, 1931
Chittagong, Bengal, Bangladesh
October 11, 2007
New York City, United States
1972, 1973 Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[860]
Julien Green September 6, 1900
Paris, France
August 13, 1998
Paris, France
1972, 1973 [861]
Ferenc Juhász August 16, 1928
Biatorbágy, Hungary
December 2, 2015
Budapest, Hungary
1972, 1973 Nominated by Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) each time.[862]
Manbohdan Lal 1972, 1973 [863]
Norman Mailer January 31, 1923
Long Branch, New Jersey, United States
November 10, 2007
Manhattan, New York City, United States
1972, 1973 [864]
Bernard Malamud April 26, 1914
Brooklyn, New York, United States
March 18, 1986
Manhattan, New York City, United States
1972, 1973 [865]
Frederick Manfred January 6, 1912
Doon, Iowa, United States
September 7, 1994
Luverne, Minnesota, United States
1972, 1973 [866]
Veijo Meri December 31, 1928
Viipuri, then Finland
June 21, 2015
Helsinki, Finland
1972, 1973 [867]
1973[868]
Vicente Aleixandre April 26, 1898
Seville, Spain
December 14, 1984
Madrid, Spain
1973 Awarded the 1977 Nobel Prize in Literature.[869]
Isaac Bashevis Singer November 21, 1902
Leoncin, Poland
July 24, 1991
Surfside, Florida, United States
1973 Awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize in Literature.[870]
Conrad Potter Aiken August 5, 1889
Savannah, Georgia, United States
August 17, 1973
Savannah, Georgia, United States
1973 Nominated by Samuel Frederick Johnson (1918–2005) the only time.[871]
Died before the only chance to be awarded.
Antonio Aniante January 2, 1900
Viagrande, Italy
6 November 1983
Sanremo, Italy
1973 Nominated by Vittorio Vettori (1920–2004) the only time.[872]
Miodrag Bulatović February 20, 1930
Okladi, Zeta Banovina, Yugoslavia
March 15, 1991
Igalo, Herceg Novi, Montenegro
1973 Nominated by Allan Philip (1927–2004) the only time.[873]
Chiang Yee May 19, 1903
Chaisang, Jiujiang, China
October 26, 1977
Beijing, China
1973 Nominated by Lo Hsiang-lin (1906–1978) the only time.[874]
Albert Cohen August 16, 1895
Corfu, Greece
October 17, 1981
Geneva, Switzerland
1973 Nominated by Joseph Kessel (1898–1979) the only time.[875]
Adolfo Costa du Rels June 19, 1891
Sucre, Bolivia
May 26, 1980
La Paz, Bolivia
1973 Nominated by Humberto Palza (1900–1975) the only time.[876]
Indira Devi Dhanrajgir August 17, 1930
Hyderabad, Telangana, India
1973 Nominated by Krishna Srinivas (1913–2007) the only time.[877]
Xu Xu November 11, 1908
Cixi, Zhejiang, China
October 5, 1980
Hong Kong
1973 Nominated by Lee Chiu-seng (?) the only time.[878]
Eugen Jebeleanu April 24, 1911
Câmpina, Prahova, Romania
August 21, 1991
Bucharest, Romania
1973 [879]
Yaşar Kemal October 6, 1923
Gökçedam, Turkey
February 28, 2015
Istanbul, Turkey
1973 [880]
Zenta Mauriņa December 15, 1897
Lejasciems, Latvia
April 25, 1978
Basel, Switzerland
1973 Nominated by Mārtiņš Zīverts (1903–1990) the only time.[881]
Henry Miller December 26, 1891
Yorkville, New York, United States
June 7, 1980
Los Angeles, California, United States
1973 Nominated by Allan Philip (1927–2004) the only time.[882]
John Crowe Ransom April 30, 1888
Pulaski, Tennessee, United States
July 3, 1974
Gambier, Ohio, United States
1973 Nominated by Samuel Frederick Johnson (1918–2005) the only time.[883]
Pratap Narayan Tandon 1973 Nominated by Brij Behari Nayak (?) the only time.[884]
Martin Wickramasinghe May 29, 1890
Koggala, Sri Lanka
July 23, 1976
Colombo, Sri Lanka
1973 Nominated by Ediriweera Sarachchandra (1914–1996) the only time.[885]
Paul Voivenel September 24, 1880
Séméac, France
June 9, 1975
Pamiers, France
1973 Nominated by Roland Dorgelès (1885–1973) the only time.[886]
1974
to be revealed in 2025
Argentina Díaz Lozano 5 December 1909
Santa Rosa de Copán, Honduras
13 August 1999
Tegucigalpa, Honduras
1974

Others

[edit]

Despite the rule of keeping the nominations secret for 50 years, a number of literary organizations and academies revealed publicly their favored nominees.[887] The following names, though verified and features their respective years, are yet still to be organized as they may have been nominated in earlier years.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1975
Jorge Carrera Andrade 18 September 1903
Quito, Ecuador
7 November 1978
Quito, Ecuador
1975 [888]
Kim Chi-ha 4 February 1941
Mokpo, South Jeolla, South Korea
8 May 2022
Wonju, Gangwon, South Korea
1975 [889]
Ba Jin 25 November 1904
Chengdu, Sichuan, China
17 October 2005
Shanghai, China
1975, 2001 [890][891]
1976
Anaïs Nin 21 February 1903
Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, France
14 January 1977
Los Angeles, California, United States
1976 [892]
1977
Francisco Matos Paoli 9 March 1915
Lares, Puerto Rico
10 July 2000
San Juan, Puerto Rico
1977 [893]
1979
Gerardo Melo Mourão 8 January 1917
Ipueiras, Ceará, Brazil
9 March 2007
Humaitá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
1979 [894]
André Brink 19 May 1935
Vrede, Free State, South Africa
6 February 2015
on a flight from Amsterdam, Netherlands, to South Africa
1979, 1980, 1982 [895]
Joyce Carol Oates 16 June 1938
Lockport, New York, United States
1979, 1999 [896]
1980
Giorgio Nurigiani 23 September 1892
Livorno, Italy
7 May 1981
Rome, Italy
1980 [897]
1981
Irving Layton 12 March 1912
Târgu Neamț, Romania
4 January 2006
Montreal, Québec, Canada
1981 [898]
Fernando Namora 15 April 1919
Condeixa-a-Nova, Coimbra, Portugal
31 January 1989
Lisbon, Portugal
1981 [899]
Mary Kawena Pukui 20 April 1895
Kau, Hawaii, United States
21 May 1986
Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
1981 [900]
Yury Trifonov 28 August 1925
Moscow, Russia
28 March 1981
Moscow, Russia
1981 [901]
1982
Gabriel García Márquez 6 March 1917
Aracataca, Magdalena, Colombia
17 April 2014
Mexico City, Mexico
1982 Awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Josef Škvorecký 27 September 1924
Náchod, Hradec Králové, Czechoslovakia
3 January 2012
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
1982 [902]
1984
Ahmad Shamlou 12 December 1925
Tehran, Iran
23 July 2000
Karaj, Alborz, Iran
1984 [903]
Kamala Surayya–Das 31 March 1934
Punnayurkulam, Kerala, India
31 May 2009
Pune, Maharashtra, India
1984 [904]
1985
Patrick D. Smith 8 October 1927
D'Lo, Mississippi, United States
26 January 2014
Merritt Island, Florida, United States
1985 [905]
Vasyl Stus 6 January 1938
Rakhnivka, Vinnytsia oblast, Ukraine
4 September 1985
Perm-36, Kuchino, Vologda oblast, Russia
1985, 1986 [906]
1986
Wole Soyinka 13 July 1934
Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria
1986 Awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Pramoedya Ananta Toer 6 February 1925
Blora, Central Java, Indonesia
20 April 2006
Jakarta, Indonesia
1986 [907][908]
Albino Pierro 19 November 1916
Tursi, Matera, Italy
23 March 1995
Rome, Italy
1986, 1988 [909]
1987
Joseph Brodsky 24 May 1940
Saint Petersburg, Russia
28 January 1996
Brooklyn Heights, New York, United States
1987 Awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Mohammed Aziz Lahbabi 25 December 1922
Fez, Morocco
23 August 1993
Rabat, Morocco
1987 [910]
1988
Naguib Mahfouz 11 December 1911
Cairo, Egypt
30 August 2006
Agouza, Giza, Egypt
1988 Awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Shen Congwen 28 December 1902
Fenghuang, Hunan, China
10 May 1988
Beijing, China
1988 [911][912]
Christa Wolf 18 March 1929
Gorzów Wielkopolski, Lubusz, Poland
1 December 2011
Berlin, Germany
1988 [913]
Ali Ahmad Said Esber 1 January 1930
Al-Qassabin, Latakia, Syria
1988, 2010, 2011 [914][915]
1989
Danilo Kiš 22 February 1935
Subotica, Vojvodina, Serbia
15 October 1989
Paris, France
1989 [916]
1990
Octavio Paz 31 March 1914
Mexico City, Mexico
19 April 1998
Mexico City, Mexico
1990 Awarded the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Pira Sudham 1942
Na Pho, Buriram, Thailand
1990 [917]
Maria Luisa Spaziani 7 December 1922
Turin, Italy
30 June 2014
Rome, Italy
1990, 1992, 1997
1991
Patricia Highsmith 19 January 1921
Fort Worth, Texas, United States
4 February 1995
Locarno, Switzerland
1991 [918]
Mario Luzi 20 October 1914
Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
28 February 2005
Florence, Italy
1991
Milan Rúfus 10 December 1928
Závažná Poruba, Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia
11 January 2009
Bratislava, Slovakia
1991 [919]
Timur Zulfikarov 17 August 1936
Dushanbe, Tajikistan
1991, 2000, 2010 [920][921]
1992
Derek Walcott 23 January 1930
Castries, Saint Lucia
17 March 2017
Cap Estate, Gros Islet, Saint Lucia
1992 Awarded the 1992 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Pablo Antonio Cuadra 4 November 1912
Managua, Nicaragua
2 January 2002
Managua, Nicaragua
1992 [922]
Matilde Alba Swann 24 February 1912
Berisso, Argentina
13 September 2000
La Plata, Argentina
1992 [923]
Marin Sorescu 29 February 1936
Bulzești, Romania
8 December 1996
Bucharest, Romania
1992, 1996 [924]
Milorad Pavić 15 October 1929
Belgrade, Serbia
30 November 2009
Belgrade, Serbia
1992, 2004, 2008 [925]
1993
Toni Morrison 18 February 1931
Lorain, Ohio, United States
5 August 2019
New York City, New York, United States
1993 Awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Nader Naderpour 6 June 1929
Tehran, Iran
18 February 2000
Los Angeles, California, United States
1993 [926]
Arturo Uslar Pietri 16 May 1906
Caracas, Venezuela
26 February 2001
Caracas, Venezuela
1993 [927]
1994
Kenzaburō Ōe 31 January 1935
Uchiko, Ehime, Japan
3 March 2023
Tokyo, Japan
1994 Awarded the 1994 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Yehuda Amichai 3 May 1924
Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
22 September 2000
Jerusalem, Israel
1994 [928]
Shūsaku Endō 27 March 1923
Toshima, Tokyo, Japan
29 September 1996
Tokyo, Japan
1994 [929]
1995
Seamus Heaney 13 April 1939
Tamniaran, Northern Ireland
30 August 2013
Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
1995 Awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Literature.
1996
Wisława Szymborska 2 July 1923
Kórnik, Poznań, Poland
1 February 2012
Kraków, Poland
1996 Awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Bob Dylan 24 May 1941
Duluth, Minnesota, United States
1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2016 Awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature.[930][931]
Inger Christensen 16 January 1935
Vejle, Denmark
2 January 2009
Copenhagen, Denmark
1996 [932]
Licio Gelli 21 April 1919
Pistoia, Italy
15 December 2015
Arezzo, Italy
1996 [933]
Ronald Stuart Thomas 29 March 1913
Cardiff, Wales
25 September 2000
Criccieth, Gwynedd, Wales
1996 [934]
Alda Merini 21 March 1931
Milan, Italy
1 November 2009
Milan, Italy
1996, 2001 [935]
1997
Dario Fo 24 March 1926
Sangiano, Varese, Italy
13 October 2016
Milan, Italy
1997 Awarded the 1997 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Alicia Ghiragossian 13 July 1936
Córdoba, Argentina
22 May 2014
Los Angeles, California, United States
1997 [936]
1998
José Saramago 16 November 1922
Azinhaga, Golegã, Portugal
18 June 2010
Tías, Las Palmas, Spain
1998 Awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Otar Chiladze 20 March 1933
Signagi, Georgia
1 October 2009
Tbilisi, Georgia
1998 [937]
Nelson Estupiñán Bass 19 September 1912
Esmeraldas, Ecuador
3 March 2002
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States
1998 [888]
Janet Frame 28 August 1924
Dunedin, New Zealand
29 January 2004
Dunedin, New Zealand
1998, 2003 [938]
1999
Enrique Laguerre 15 July 1905
Moca, Puerto Rico
16 June 2005
Carolina, Puerto Rico
1999 [939]
Alfonso Rumazo González 1903
Latacunga, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
27 June 2002
Caracas, Venezuela
1999 [888]
Simin Behbahani 20 July 1927
Tehran, Iran
19 August 2014
Tehran, Iran
1999, 2002 [940]
William Auld 6 November 1924
Erith, London, England
11 September 2006
Dollar, Clackmannanshire, Scotland
1999, 2004, 2006 [941]
2000
Gao Xingjian 4 January 1940
Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
2000 Awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Vizma Belševica 30 May 1931
Riga, Latvia
6 August 2005
Riga, Latvia
2000 [942]
Antonio Tabucchi 24 September 1943
Pisa, Italy
25 March 2012
Lisbon, Portugal
2000 [943]
2001
Li Kuei-hsien 19 June 1937
Taipei, Taiwan
2001, 2003, 2006 [944]
Yordan Radichkov 24 October 1929
Kalimanitza, Montana, Bulgaria
21 January 2004
Sofia, Bulgaria
2001 [945]
2002
Imre Kertész 9 November 1929
Budapest, Hungary
31 March 2016
Budapest, Hungary
2002 Awarded the 2002 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Leyla Erbil 12 January 1931
Istanbul, Türkiye
19 July 2013
Istanbul, Türkiye
2002 [946]
Ferreira Gullar 10 September 1930
São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
4 December 2016
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2002 [947]
Ko Un 1 August 1933
Gunsan, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
2002, 2005, 2006 [948]
2003
John Maxwell Coetzee 9 February 1940
Cape Town, South Africa
2003 Awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Giovanna Mulas 6 May 1969
Nuoro, Sardinia, Italy
2003 [949]
Kelinu Vella Haber 1 October 1913
Nadur, Gozo, Malta
28 January 2014
Qala, Gozo, Malta
2003 [950]
2004
Elfriede Jelinek 20 October 1946
Mürzzuschlag, Styria, Austria
2004 Awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Oliver Friggieri 27 March 1947
Floriana, Malta
21 November 2020
Valletta, Malta
2004 [951]
Friederike Mayröcker 20 December 1924
Vienna, Austria
4 June 2021
Vienna, Austria
2004 [952]
Gunturu Seshendra Sarma 20 October 1927
Marripadu, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
30 May 2007
Hyderabad, Telangana, India
2004 [953]
Frederick Turner 19 November 1943
Northamptonshire, England
2004, 2006, 2007, 2008 [954]
2005
Harold Pinter 10 October 1930
London, England
24 December 2008
London, England
2005 Awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Ernesto Cardenal 20 January 1925
Granada, Nicaragua
1 March 2020
Managua, Nicaragua
2005 [955]
Cecil Rajendra 1941
Penang, Malaysia
2005 [956]
Umberto Piersanti 26 February 1941
Urbino, Pesaro-Urbino, Italy
2005, 2024 [957]
2006
Orhan Pamuk 7 June 1952
Istanbul, Türkiye
2006 Awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Svetlana Alexievich 31 May 1948
Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
2006, 2014, 2015 Awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Ryhor Baradulin 24 February 1935
Vierasoŭka, Ushachy, Belarus
2 March 2014
Minsk, Belarus
2006 [958]
Vijaydan Detha 1 September 1926
Borunda, Rajasthan, India
10 November 2013
Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
2006, 2011 [959]
2007
Luz Pozo Garza 21 July 1922
Ribadeo, Lugo, Spain
20 April 2020
A Coruña, Spain
2007 [960]
2008
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio 13 April 1940
Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France
2008 Awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Chinghiz Aitmatov 12 December 1928
Sheker, Kara-Buura, Kyrgyzstan
10 June 2008
Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
2008 [961]
Marjorie Boulton 7 May 1924
Teddington, Greater London, United Kingdom
30 August 2017
London, United Kingdom
2008 [962][963]
Shlomo Kalo 25 February 1928
Sofia, Bulgaria
30 August 2014
Tel Aviv, Israel
2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014 [964]
2009
Herta Müller 17 August 1953
Nițchidorf, Romania
2009 Awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Dương Thu Hương 1947
Thái Bình, Vietnam
2009 [965]
Georgi Vasilyevich Marchuk 1 January 1947
Davyd-Haradok, Belarus
23 August 2023
Minsk, Belarus
2009 [966]
Franck Étienne 12 April 1936
Ravine-Sèche, Artibonite, Haiti
2009, 2010 [967]
2010
Mario Vargas Llosa 28 March 1936
Arequipa, Peru
2010 Awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Néstor Amarilla 24 July 1980
Coronel Oviedo, Caaguazú, Paraguay
2010 [968]
Adam Zagajewski 21 June 1945
Lviv, Ukraine
21 March 2021
Kraków, Poland
2010 [969]
Kanta Ibraguimov 9 July 1960
Grozny, Chechnya, Russia
2010, 2012 [970]
2011
Tomas Tranströmer 15 April 1931
Stockholm, Sweden
26 March 2015
Stockholm, Sweden
2011 Awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Besik Kharanauli 11 November 1939
Tianeti, Georgia
2011, 2015 [971]
David Magradze 28 June 1962
Tbilisi, Georgia
2011, 2018, 2019 [972]
Nawal El Saadawi 22 October 1931
Kafr Tahla, Qalyubiyya, Egypt
21 March 2021
Cairo, Egypt
2011, 2012, 2021 [973][974]
2012
Mo Yan 5 March 1955
Gaomi, Shandong, China
2012 Awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Kamal Mehdi Abdullayev 4 December 1950
Baku, Azerbaijan
2012 [975]
Mahasweta Devi 14 January 1926
Dhaka, Bangladesh
28 July 2016
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
2012 [976]
Maksud Ibrahimbeyov 11 May 1935
Baku, Azerbaijan
22 March 2016
Baku, Azerbaijan
2012 [977]
Dacia Maraini 13 November 1936
Florence, Italy
2012 [978]
Ariano Suassuna 16 June 1927
João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
23 July 2014
Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
2012 [979][980]
Fazil Iskander 6 March 1929
Sukhumi, Georgia
31 July 2016
Peredelkino, Moscow, Russia
2012, 2013 [981]
2013
Alice Munro 10 July 1931
Wingham, Ontario, Canada
13 May 2024
Port Hope, Ontario, Canada
2013 Awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Paul Goma 2 October 1935
Seliște, Nisporeni, Moldova
25 March 2020
Paris, France
2013 [982]
Varujan Vosganian 25 July 1958
Craiova, Romania
2013, 2014, 2015 [983][984]
2014
Patrick Modiano 30 July 1945
Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France
2014 Awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Nicolae Breban 1 February 1934
Baia Mare, Romania
2014 [984]
Vasyl Holoborodko 7 April 1945
Adrianopil, Perevalsk, Ukraine
2014 [985]
Norman Manea 19 July 1936
Suceava, Romania
2014 [984]
Boualem Sansal 15 October 1949
Théniet El Had, Algeria
2014 [986]
Mircea Cărtărescu 1 June 1955
Bucharest, Romania
2014, 2015 [984][987]
2015
Moniz Bandeira 30 December 1935
Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
10 November 2017
Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
2015 [988]
Sebastiano Vassalli 24 October 1941
Genoa, Italy
26 July 2015
Casale Monferrato, Alessandria, Italy
2015 [989]
Anna Nerkagi 15 February 1951
Yamalo-Nenets, Russia
2015, 2018, 2020 [990][991]
Francesco Benozzo 22 February 1969
Modena, Italy
2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2024 [992][993][994]
2016
Lygia Fagundes Telles 19 April 1918
São Paulo, Brazil
3 April 2022
São Paulo, Brazil
2016 [995]
Tess Osonye Onwueme 8 September 1955
Ogwashi Ukwu, Delta, Nigeria
2016 [996]
2017
Kazuo Ishiguro 8 November 1954
Nagasaki, Japan
2017 Awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Carlos Nejar 11 January 1939
Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
2017 [997]
Jamal Qaiser 27 July 1972
Rawalpindi, Pakistan
2017 [998]
2018
Olga Tokarczuk 29 January 1962
Sulechów, Zielona Góra, Poland
2018, 2019 Awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature in 2019.
Peter Handke 6 December 1942
Griffin, Völkermarkt, Carinthia, Austria
2018, 2019 Awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Manuel Alegre 12 May 1936
Águeda, Portugal
2018 [999]
Agustina Bessa-Luís 15 October 1922
Amarante, Portugal
3 June 2019
Porto, Portugal
2018 [999]
Emanuel Medeiros Vieira 31 March 1945
Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
29 July 2019
Brasília, Brazil
2018 [1000]
Damdinsurengiin Urainkhai 1940
Bulgan, Mongolia
2018 [1001]
2019
Jamal Sanad Al Suwaidi 1959
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
2019 [1002]
Leo Butnaru 5 January 1949
Negureni, Telenești, Moldova
2019 [1003]
2020
Louise Glück 22 April 1943
New York City, New York, United States
13 October 2023
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
2020 Awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Giovanna Giordano 12 November 1961
Milan, Italy
2020 [1004][1005]
Scholastique Mukasonga 20 December 1956
Gikongoro, Rwanda
2020, 2021, 2022 [1006][1007]
2021
Abdulrazak Gurnah 20 December 1948
Zanzibar, Tanzania
2021 Awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Denny Januar Ali 4 January 1963
Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia
2021 [1008]
Indran Amirthanayagam 1960
Colombo, Sri Lanka
2021 [1009]
Drago Jančar 13 April 1948
Maribor, Slovenia
2021 [1010]
2022
Annie Ernaux 1 September 1940
Lillebonne, Seine-Maritime, France
2022 Awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Deonísio da Silva 1948
Siderópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
2022 [1011][1012]
Edwidge Danticat 19 January 1969
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
2022 [1013]
Georgi Gospodinov 7 January 1968
Yambol, Bulgaria
2022 [1014]
Fatos Kongoli 12 January 1944
Elbasan, Albania
2022 [1015][1016]
Serhiy Zhadan 23 August 1974
Starobilsk, Luhansk oblast, Ukraine
2022 [1017]
Adam Kadir 1942
Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
2022, 2023, 2024 [1018]
2023
Jon Fosse 29 September 1959
Haugesund, Norway
2023 Awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature.
2024
Aka Morchiladze 10 November 1966
Tbilisi, Georgia
2024 [1019][1020]
Maria Tedeschi 3 January 1972
Naples, Italy
2024 [1021]

See also

[edit]

Motivations

[edit]
  1. ^ R. Valery-Radot: La Vie de Pasteur ("Life of Pasteur", 1900)[15]
  2. ^ Rostand: Cyrano de Bergerac (1897) and L'Aiglon ("Eaglet, 1900)[15]
  3. ^ Gersdorff: 600 bis 700 Lieder ("Songs 600-700")[15]
  4. ^ Le Pin: La recherche de l'idéal ("Searching of the Ideal", 1900)[15]
  5. ^ Ducros: Les Encyclopédistes (Encyclopedists, 1900)[15]
  6. ^ Estlander: Vitterhetens utveckling hos de nyare folken i medeltiden: förra perioden (Witnesses of the Newer People's Development in the Middle Ages: The Last Period", 1900)[15]
  7. ^ A. Sabatier: Esquisse d'une philosophie de la religion d'après la psychologie et l'histoire ("Outlines of a Philosophy of Religion based on Psychology and History", 1897)[15]
  8. ^ Duproix: Kant et Fichte et le problème de l´éducation ("Kant, Fichte, and the Problem of Education", 1895)[15]
  9. ^ Borgeaud: Histoire de l'Université de Genève. L'académie de Calvin. 1559—1798 ("The History of the Geneva University: Calvin's Academy", 1900)[15]
  10. ^ Renouvier: La nouvelle monadologie ("The New Monadology", 1899)[15]
  11. ^ Stampa: Arcanum anima [sic!]. Gedanken eines Menschenfreundes ("Mysterious Soul: Thoughts of a Philanthropist")[15]
  12. ^ Lourié: La philosophie de Tolstoï ("The Philosophy of Tolstoy", 1899) and La philosophie sociale dans le théâtre d'Ibsen ("The Social Philosophy of Ibsen's Theatre", 1900)[15]
  13. ^ Câmara: Meia-Noite ("The Midnight", 1900)[15]
  14. ^ Meysenbug: Memoiren einer Idealistin ("Memoirs of an Idealist", 1869–76), Stimmungsbilder ("Shades of Mood", 1879), and Der Lebensabend einer Idealistin: Nachtrag zu den "Memoiren einer Idealistin" ("The Retirement of an Idealist: Addendum to the 'Memoirs of an Idealist'", 1898)[15]
  15. ^ Zola: "for his works in general."[15]
  16. ^ Kemény: Entwurf einer internationalen Gesammt-Academie: Weltakademie ("The Draft of an Total International Academy: World Academy", 1901)[15]
  17. ^ Paris: La poésie du moyen âge ("The Poetry of the Middle Ages", 1885–95) Discours de réception ("Reception Speech", 1897), Penseurs et poètes ("Thinkers and Poets", 1896), Poèmes et légendes du moyen âge ("Poems and Legends of the Middle Ages", 1900), and François Villon (1901)[15]
  18. ^ Núñez de Arce: Gritos del combate: Poesías ("Cries of Combat: Poems", 1875), Obras dramáticas ("Dramatic Works", 1879), La selva oscura: Poema ("The Dark Forest: Poem", 1879), and Sursum Corda! ("Ascend the Heart!", 1900)[15]
  19. ^ Baumgartner: Geschichte der Weltliteratur ("The History of World Literature", 1897—1901)[15]
  20. ^ Xenopol: Les principes fondamentaux de l'histoire ("The Fundamental Principles of History", 1899)[15]
  21. ^ Fogazzaro: Malombra: romanzo ("Malombra: A Novel", 1881), Daniele Cortis (1885), Il mistero del poeta ("The Mystery of the Poet", 1888), and Ascensioni umane ("Human Ascensions", 1899)[15]
  22. ^ P. Sabatier: Vie de S. François d'Assise ("The Life of St. Francis of Assisi", 1894)[15]
  23. ^ Koni: Doktor Friedrich Haass. Lebensskizze eines deutschen Philantropen in Russland ("Friedrich Joseph Haass: Biography of a German Philanthropist in Russia", 1899)[15]
  24. ^ Fernández López: La Rota (Canto épico) ("Broken: Epic Song", 1901)[15]
  25. ^ Grisar: Storia di Roma ("Roman History", 1899), Analecta Romana. I ("Roman Analecta I", 1899), and Geschichte Roms und der Päpste im Mittelalter. I ("History of Rome and the Popes in the Middle Ages", 1901)[15]
  26. ^ Barrière: Le nouveau Don Juan ("The New Don Juan", 1900)[15]
  27. ^ Falke: Mynheer der Tod ("My Lord, the Death", 1891), Tanz und Andacht ("Dance and Prayer", 1894), Zwischen zwei Nächten ("Between Two Nights", 1894), Neue Fahrt ("New Journey", 1897), and Mit dem Leben ("With Life", 1899)[15]
  28. ^ Robertson: Regnum Dei: Eight Lectures on the Kingdom of God in the History of Christian Thought (1901)[15]
  29. ^ Chamberlain: Richard Wagner (1895), Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts ("The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century", 1899), Die Worte Christi ("The Word of Christ, 1901), and Immanuel Kant. Die Persönlichkeit als Einführung in das Werk ("Immanuel Kant: The Personality as an Introduction to the Work", 1905)[15]
  30. ^ Tolstoy: Voskreséniye ("Resurrection", 1899)[15]
  31. ^ Morris: The Epic of Hades (1877), The Works (1901), and Harvest Tide: A Book of Verse (1901)[15]
  32. ^ Zahn: Forschungen zur Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons und der altkirchlichen Litteratur ("Research on the History of the New Testament's Canon and Early Church Literature", 1881–1908), Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons ("History of the New Testament's Canon", 1889–92), and Einleitung in das neue Testament ("Introduction to the New Testament", 1900)[15]
  33. ^ Wagner: Justice. Huit discours ("Justice: Eight Speeches", 1889), Sois un homme! Simples causeries sur la conduite de la vie ("Be a Man! Simple Discussions on How to Lead Life", 1889), Jeunesse ("Youth", 1895), Vie Simple ("Simple Life", 1895), L'âme des choses ("The Soul of Things", 1901), and Le long du chemin ("Along the Path", 1901)[15]
  34. ^ Morley: The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (1903)[15]
  35. ^ Aho: Enris ("Juniper Twigs", 1899–1900)[15]
  36. ^ Garborg: I Helheim ("In Helheim", 1901)[15]
  37. ^ Glasenapp: Biographie Richard Wagners ("Life of Richard Wagner", 1876–1911)[15]
  38. ^ Douglas: Life and Works of Fra Angelico (1902) and History of the Republic of Siena (1902)[15]
  39. ^ Sorel: L’Europe et la révolution française ("Europe and the French Revolution", 1885–1904)[15]
  40. ^ Gilkin: Prométhée ("Prometheus", 1897)[15]
  41. ^ Lerou: Hiésous ("Jesus", 1903)[15]
  42. ^ Chapman: Les aspirations : poésies canadiennes ("Aspirations: Canadian Poems", 1904)[15]
  43. ^ Macmillan Brown: Limanora, the Island of Progress (1903)[15]
  44. ^ Neidig: The First Wardens and Other Poems (1901)[15]
  45. ^ Bewer: Germanisch-religiöser Dichter ("Germanic Religious Poet")[15]
  46. ^ The nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel committee because the nominator Leonardo Eliz (1861–1939) from the Valparaiso Secondary School was found to be ineligible.
  47. ^ Haushofer: Die Verbannten ("The Banned")[15]
  48. ^ The nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel committee because the nominator Emil Milan (1859–1917) was found to be ineligible.
  49. ^ Booth: In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890)[15]
  50. ^ The nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel committee because the nominator Otto Classen (1868–1939) from Köln-Lindenthal was found to be ineligible.
  51. ^ Widmann: Der Heilige und die Thiere ("The Saint and the Animals", 1905) and Maikäferkomödie ("May Beetle's Comedy")[15]
  52. ^ Lansing Raymond: The Essentials of Aesthetics (1906)[15]
  53. ^ Bonança: Historia da Luzitania e da Iberia ("The History of Luzitania and Iberia", 1899)[15]
  54. ^ a b Purportedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[100][101]
  55. ^ Souris: Conseiller pour l'instruction publique La Canée, île de Crète ("National Education Advisers in Canée, the Island of Crete")[15]
  56. ^ Calcaño: Tres poetas pesimistas del siglo XIX ("Three Pessimistic Nineteenth Century Poets", 1907)[15]
  57. ^ Hutchinson: The Limit of Wealth (1907)[15]
  58. ^ D'Ovidio: Il a traité en maître de glottologie, de philologie classique et romane, de critique historique, psychologique et esthétique, de politique, d´instruction ("He was a master in comparative philology, classical and Romanesque philology, historical, psychological and aesthetic critique in politics and education")[15]
  59. ^ Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee[15]
  60. ^ This nomination was retrieved for having arrived too late.
  61. ^ a b c d e f g No Nobel Prize has been awarded this year.
  62. ^ a b c d e f g Nobel Prize for this year was awarded a year later.
  63. ^ The only literary society nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
  64. ^ Nomination N 13 by Nathan Söderblom[15]
  65. ^ Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee[15]
  66. ^ Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee[15]
  67. ^ Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee[15]
  68. ^ Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee[15]
  69. ^ According to the Nobel's nomination archives, the nominator's name is Parnasse from Athens, Greece.
  70. ^ Purportedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[488]
  71. ^ Purportedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[512]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 25 October 2007. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
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  4. ^ "Nomination FAQ". Nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 28 April 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  5. ^ "Nobelarkivet". svenskaakademien.se. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  6. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature: Nominations and reports 1901–1950". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  7. ^ Asaid, Alan (26 September 2009). "This is how the Academy misjudged the women". Svenska Dagbladet. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  8. ^ Leschenko, Yulia (6 October 2013). "Tolstoy, Chekhov, Akhmatova and the Nobel". Russia Beyond. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  9. ^ "10 great writers snubbed by the Nobel Prize". The Telegraph. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  10. ^ Fleming, Donald (October 1966). "Nobel's Hits and Misses". The Atlantic. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  11. ^ Crittenden, Ann. "A Comedy of Errors at the Nobel Prize". American Heritage. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  12. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sully Prudhomme". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  13. ^ "Nomination Archive - Frédéric Mistral". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  14. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henryk Sienkiewicz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh Svensén, Bo (2001). Nobelpriset i litteratur. Nomineringar och utlåtanden 1901–1950. Svenska Akademien. ISBN 9789113010076. Retrieved 11 November 2020. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  16. ^ "Nomination Archive - René Vallery-Radot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  17. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmond Rostand". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  18. ^ "Nomination Archive - Julius Gersdorff". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  19. ^ "Nomination Archive - Oscar le Pin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  20. ^ "BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE DE FRANCE - Louis Ducros". bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  21. ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Ducros". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  22. ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Gustaf Estlander". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  23. ^ "Nomination Archive - Auguste Sabatier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  24. ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Duproix". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  25. ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Borgeaud". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  26. ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Renouvier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  27. ^ "Nomination Archive - Giacomo Stampa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  28. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ossip Lourié". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  29. ^ "Nomination Archive - João Da Comara". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  30. ^ "Nomination Archive - Malwida von Meysenbug". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  31. ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Zola". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  32. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ferenc Kemény". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  33. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gaston Paris". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  34. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gaspar Núñez de Arce". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  35. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alexander Baumgartner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  36. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  37. ^ "Nomination Archive - Antonio Fogazzaro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  38. ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Sabatier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  39. ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodor Mommsen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  40. ^ "Nomination Archive - Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  41. ^ "Nomination Archive - José Echegaray y Eizaguirre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  42. ^ "Nomination Archive - Giosuè Carducci". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  43. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gerhart Hauptmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  44. ^ "Nomination Archive - William Yeats". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  45. ^ "Nomination Archive - Anatoly Koni". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  46. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ventura Fernández López". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  47. ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Weitbrecht". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  48. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hartmann Grisar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  49. ^ "Nomination Archive - Herbert Spencer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  50. ^ "Nomination Archive - Bernard Bosanquet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  51. ^ "Nomination Archive - Marcel Barrière". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  52. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Falke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  53. ^ "Nomination Archive - Archibald Robertson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  54. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henrik Johan Ibsen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  55. ^ "Nomination Archive - Houston Stewart Chamberlain". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  56. ^ "Nomination Archive - Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  57. ^ "Nomination Archive - George Meredith". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  58. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sir Lewis Morris". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  59. ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodor Zahn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  60. ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Wagner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  61. ^ "Nomination Archive - John Morley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  62. ^ "Nomination Archive - Juhani Aho". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  63. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arne Garborg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  64. ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudyard Kipling". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  65. ^ "Nomination Archive - Maurice Maeterlinck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  66. ^ "Nomination Archive - François Coppée". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  67. ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Friedrich Glasenapp". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  68. ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Langton Douglas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  69. ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Sorel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  70. ^ "Nomination Archive - Iwan Gilkin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  71. ^ "Nomination Archive - Algernon Charles Swinburne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  72. ^ "Nomination Archive - Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  73. ^ "Nomination Archive - Georg Morris Cohen Brandes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  74. ^ "Nomination Archive - Selma Lagerlöf". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  75. ^ "Nomination Archive - Anatole France". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  76. ^ "Nomination Archive - Émilie Lerou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  77. ^ "Nomination Archive - Demitrios Bernardakis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  78. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jaroslav Vrchlický". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  79. ^ "Nomination Archive - William Chapman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  80. ^ "Nomination Archive - Eliza Orzeszkowa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  81. ^ "Nomination Archive - Godfrey Sweven". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  82. ^ "Nomination Archive - John M Brown". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  83. ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Franck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  84. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gaston Boissier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  85. ^ "Nomination Archive - William Neidig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  86. ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Bewer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  87. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pedro Figueroa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  88. ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Haushofer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  89. ^ "Nomination Archive - William Booth". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  90. ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Widmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  91. ^ "Nomination Archive - George Raymond". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  92. ^ "Nomination Archive - Angelo de Gubernatis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  93. ^ "Nomination Archive - Borden Parker Bowne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  94. ^ "Nomination Archive - João Bonança". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  95. ^ "Nomination Archive - Holger Drachmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  96. ^ McLaren biography on Wikipedia
  97. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ian Maclaren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  98. ^ "Nomination Archive - Andrés Manjón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  99. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edouardo Benot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  100. ^ "Mark Twain misses getting the Nobel Prize". The New York Times. 20 August 1907. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  101. ^ "The Legacy Of Mark Twain: Why He Didn't Win A Nobel Prize". janetwhardy.com. 4 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  102. ^ "Nomination Archive - Georgios Souris". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  103. ^ "Nomination Archive - Angel Guimerà y Jorge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  104. ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Bourget". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  105. ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Eucken". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  106. ^ "Nomination Archive - Julio Calcaño". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  107. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfred Hutchison". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  108. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmondo de Amicis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  109. ^ "Nomination Archive - Adolf von Harnack". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  110. ^ "Nomination Archive - Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  111. ^ "Nomination Archive - Verner von Heidenstam". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  112. ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugène Melchoir de Vogüé". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  113. ^ "Nomination Archive - Martin Greif". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  114. ^ "Nomination Archive - Francesco d'Ovidio". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  115. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernest Lavisse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  116. ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvador Rueda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  117. ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Verhaeren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  118. ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Heyse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  119. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Warneck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  120. ^ "Nomination Archive - Wilhelm Benignus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  121. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfred Jules Émile Fouillée". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  122. ^ "Nomination Archive - Édouard Rod". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  123. ^ "Nomination Archive - William Howells". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  124. ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Bridges". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  125. ^ "Nomination Archive - Andrew Lang". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  126. ^ "Nomination Archive - Molly Seawell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  127. ^ "Nomination Archive - Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  128. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre Loti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  129. ^ "Nomination Archive - Thomas Hardy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  130. ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Gjellerup". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  131. ^ "Nomination Archive - George Bernard Shaw". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  132. ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert de Mun". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  133. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Fröding". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  134. ^ Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature nobelprize.org
  135. ^ "Nomination Archive - Rafael Altamira y Crevea". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  136. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henry James". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  137. ^ "Nomination Archive - Harald Høffding". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  138. ^ "Nomination Archive - Peter Rosegger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  139. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernst von der Recke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  140. ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Schönherr". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  141. ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Spitteler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  142. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Bergson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  143. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pecho Slavejkov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  144. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sven Hedin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  145. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean-Henry Fabre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  146. ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvatore Farina". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  147. ^ "Nomination Archive - Benito Pérez Galdós". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  148. ^ "Nomination Archive - Adolf Frey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  149. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Kinck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  150. ^ "Nomination Archive - James Frazer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  151. ^ "Nomination Archive - Rabindranath Tagore". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  152. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henrik Pontppidan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  153. ^ "Nomination Archive - Grazia Deledda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  154. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Dowden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  155. ^ "Nomination Archive - John Lord Avebury". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  156. ^ "Nomination Archive - Francis Welles". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  157. ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Faguet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  158. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jakob Knudsen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  159. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmond Picard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  160. ^ "Nomination Archive - Antonio Serra y Morant". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  161. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jan Machar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  162. ^ "Nomination Archive - René Bazin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  163. ^ "Nomination Archive - Dora Melegari". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  164. ^ "Nomination Archive - Willem Kloos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  165. ^ "Nomination Archive - Dmitry Merezhkovsky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  166. ^ "Nomination Archive - Vilhelm Grønbech". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  167. ^ "Nomination Archive - Romain Rolland". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  168. ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Doughty". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  169. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ferdinand Avenarius". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  170. ^ "Nomination Archive - Erik Axel Karlfeldt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  171. ^ "Nomination Archive - Roby Datta". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  172. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Franko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  173. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gunnar Heiberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  174. ^ "Nomination Archive - Troels Troels-Lund". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  175. ^ "Nomination Archive - The Pali Text Society". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  176. ^ "Nomination Archive - Otokar Březina". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  177. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henrik Schück". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  178. ^ "Nomination Archive - Per Hallström". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  179. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Vazov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  180. ^ "Nomination Archive - Otto Ernst Schmidt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  181. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jeppe Aakjaer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  182. ^ "Nomination Archive - Johan Bojer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  183. ^ "Nomination Archive - Olaf Bull". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  184. ^ "Nomination Archive - Bertel Gripenberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  185. ^ "Nomination Archive - Knut Hamsun". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  186. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alois Jirásek". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  187. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Frenssen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  188. ^ "Nomination Archive - Maksim Gorky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  189. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gunnar Gunnarsson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  190. ^ "Nomination Archive - Władysław Reymont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  191. ^ "Nomination Archive - John Galsworthy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  192. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ebenezer Howard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  193. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugo von Hofmannsthal". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  194. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arno Holz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  195. ^ "Nomination Archive - Wilbur Abbot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  196. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacinto Benavente". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  197. ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Boutroux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  198. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Revel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  199. ^ "Nomination Archive - Stefan Zeromski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  200. ^ "Nomination Archive - Herbert Wells". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  201. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sigrid Undset". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  202. ^ "Nomination Archive - Darrell Figgis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  203. ^ "Nomination Archive - Georg von Below". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  204. ^ "Nomination Archive - Israel Zangwill". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  205. ^ "Nomination Archive - Michael Sadleir". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  206. ^ "Nomination Archive - Matilde Serao". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  207. ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Bracco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  208. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ludwig von Pastor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  209. ^ "Nomination Archive - William Inge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  210. ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Ernst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  211. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Alexeievitch Bunin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  212. ^ "Nomination Archive - Konstantin Balmont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  213. ^ R.Fr.Krummel Nietzsche und der deutsche Geist, Bd.1, 219 (De Gruyter, 1998)
  214. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hermann Türck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  215. ^ "Nomination Archive - Einar Hjörleifsson Kvaran". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  216. ^ "Nomination Archive - Guglielmo Ferrero". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  217. ^ "Nomination Archive - Thomas Mann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  218. ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Neuburger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  219. ^ "Nomination Archive - Olav Duun". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  220. ^ "Nomination Archive - Johannes Jensen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  221. ^ "Schembari, Giovanni | The Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives". alba-valb.org.
  222. ^ "Nomination Archive - Giovanni Schembari". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  223. ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul More". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  224. ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Raynal". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  225. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ferenc Herczeg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  226. ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Maria Holzapfel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  227. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Bennett". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  228. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pyotr Krasnov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  229. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sofia Casanova". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  230. ^ "Nomination Archive - Vicente Huidobro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  231. ^ "Nomination Archive - Avetis Aharonian". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  232. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edvard Westernack". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  233. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ada Negri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  234. ^ "Nomination Archive - Juan Zorilla de San Martín". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  235. ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Kraus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  236. ^ "Nomination Archive - Georg Bonne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  237. ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Henry Rosny Aîné". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  238. ^ "Nomination Archive - Josip Kosor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  239. ^ "Nomination Archive - Kostis Palamas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  240. ^ "Nomination Archive - Johannes Jørgensen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  241. ^ "Nomination Archive - Concha Espina de la Serna". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  242. ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Claudel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  243. ^ "Nomination Archive - Cesare Pascarella". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  244. ^ "Nomination Archive - Eduard Meyer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  245. ^ "Nomination Archive - Samuel Scott". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  246. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edith Wharton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  247. ^ "Nomination Archive - Édouard Estaunié". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  248. ^ "Nomination Archive - Erwin Kolbenheyer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  249. ^ "Nomination Archive - Armando Palacio Valdés". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  250. ^ "Nomination Archive - Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  251. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edith Howes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  252. ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodor Däubler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  253. ^ "Nomination Archive - Frederik van Eeden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  254. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alf Larsen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  255. ^ "Nomination Archive - Anna Elisabeth Mathieu de Noailles". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  256. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Grozev". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  257. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Driesch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  258. ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Bartsch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  259. ^ "Nomination Archive - Rufino Blanco-Fombona". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  260. ^ "Nomination Archive - Felix Timmermans". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  261. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ricarda Huch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  262. ^ "Nomination Archive - Cale Young Rice". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  263. ^ "Nomination Archive - Knud Rasmussen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  264. ^ "Nomination Archive - Stefan George". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  265. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edwin Robinson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  266. ^ "Nomination Archive - Benedetto Croce". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  267. ^ "Nomination Archive - Thornton Wilder". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  268. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sinclair Lewis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  269. ^ "Nomination Archive - Frans Eemil Sillanpää". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  270. ^ "Nomination Archive - Clotilde de Arvelo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  271. ^ "Nomination Archive - Manfred Kyber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  272. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arvid Järnefelt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  273. ^ "Nomination Archive - Yrjö Hirn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  274. ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodore Dreiser". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  275. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edgar Lee Masters". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  276. ^ "Nomination Archive - Nathanael Jünger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  277. ^ "Nomination Archive - Anton Wildgans". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  278. ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Valéry". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  279. ^ "Nomination Archive - Lion Feuchtwanger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  280. ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Kassner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  281. ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Kessner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  282. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hermann Hesse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  283. ^ "Nomination Archive - Laura Mestre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  284. ^ "Nomination Archive - Francis Jammes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  285. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ole Rølvaag". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  286. ^ "Nomination Archive - Erich Maria Remarque". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  287. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Sjmeljov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  288. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivana Brlic-Mazuranic". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  289. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ramón Pérez de Ayala". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  290. ^ "Nomination Archive - Martin Andersen Nexø". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  291. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ramón Menéndez Pidal". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  292. ^ "Nomination Archive - Michael Blümelhuber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  293. ^ "Nomination Archive - Francesco Orestano". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  294. ^ "Nomination Archive - Axel Munthe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  295. ^ "Nomination Archive - Percival Elgood". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  296. ^ "Nomination Archive - Grigol Robakidze". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  297. ^ "Nomination Archive - Karel Capek". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  298. ^ "Nomination Archive - Vilhelm Ekelund". NbelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  299. ^ "Nomination Archive - Manuel Gálvez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  300. ^ "Nomination Archive - Upton Beall Sinclair". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  301. ^ "Nomination Archive - Enrique Neto". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  302. ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Beerbohm". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  303. ^ "Nomination Archive - Chajim Bialik". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  304. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernest Roguin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  305. ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Bédier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  306. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hermann Stehr". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  307. ^ "Nomination Archive - António Correia de Oliveira". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  308. ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlos María Ocantos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  309. ^ "Nomination Archive - José Ortega y Gasset". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  310. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sarvelli Radhakrishnan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  311. ^ "Nomination Archive - Luigi Pirandello". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  312. ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugene O'Neill". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  313. ^ "Nomination Archive - Roger Martin du Gard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  314. ^ "Nomination Archive - Francisco García Calderón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  315. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ventura García Calderón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  316. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ole Hallesby". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  317. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ewald Sundberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  318. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Holm". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  319. ^ "Nomination Archive - Franz Karl Ginzkey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  320. ^ "Nomination Archive - Tadeusz Zielinski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  321. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jarl Hemmer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  322. ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  323. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Schlumberger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  324. ^ "Nomination Archive - James Cousins". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  325. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sven Lönborg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  326. ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Mâle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  327. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gudmundur Kamban". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  328. ^ "Nomination Archive - Violet Clifton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  329. ^ "Nomination Archive - Elise Richter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  330. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gilbert Keith Chesterton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  331. ^ "Nomination Archive - Dezsö Szabó". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  332. ^ "Nomination Archive - Víctor Manuel Rendón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  333. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edvarts Virza". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  334. ^ "Nomination Archive - Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  335. ^ "Nomination Archive - Saul Tchernichovsky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  336. ^ "Nomination Archive - ÉJohn Masefield". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  337. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jules Romains". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  338. ^ "Nomination Archive - Asis Domet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  339. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hari Mohan Banerjee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  340. ^ "Nomination Archive - Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  341. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sigmund Freud". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  342. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfred Edward Evershed". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  343. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ludwig Klages". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  344. ^ "Nomination Archive - Cecile Tormay". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  345. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Fallada". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  346. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arvid Mörne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  347. ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Duhamel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  348. ^ "Nomination Archive - Maurice Magre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  349. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jules Pajot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  350. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Schering". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  351. ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Jotuni". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  352. ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Verwey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  353. ^ "Nomination Archive -William Pickard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  354. ^ "Nomination Archive - Valdemar Rördam". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  355. ^ "Nomination Archive - Bensadhar Majumdar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  356. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sally Salminen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  357. ^ "Nomination Archive - Maila Talvio". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  358. ^ "Nomination Archive - René Béhaine". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  359. ^ "Nomination Archive - Johan Falkberget". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  360. ^ "Nomination Archive - Stijn Streuvels". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  361. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Giono". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  362. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pearl Buck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  363. ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Racey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  364. ^ "Nomination Archive - Mohammad Khan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  365. ^ "Nomination Archive - Margaret Mitchell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  366. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur van Schendel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  367. ^ "Nomination Archive - Veikko Koskeinniemi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  368. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sanjib Chaudhuri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  369. ^ "Nomination Archive - Mark Aldanov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  370. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henriette Charasson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  371. ^ "Nomination Archive - Herman Teirlinck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  372. ^ "Nomination Archive - Aldous Huxley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  373. ^ "Nomination Archive - Flávio de Carvalho". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  374. ^ "Nomination Archive - Egidio Poblete Escudero". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  375. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henry Richadson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  376. ^ "Nomination Archive - Herbert Samuel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  377. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugh Walpole". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  378. ^ "Nomination Archive - Johan Huizinga". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  379. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henriette Roland Holst van der Schalk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  380. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henriette Roland Holst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  381. ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugène Baie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  382. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hu Shih". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  383. ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Dabrowska". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  384. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gabriela Mistral". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  385. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfonso Strafile". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  386. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gösta Carlberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  387. ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Bailley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  388. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmund Blunden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  389. ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Sandburg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  390. ^ "Nomination Archive - Lin Yutang". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  391. ^ "Nomination Archive - Manoell Wanderley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  392. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ruth Young". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  393. ^ "Nomination Archive - Branislav Petronievic". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  394. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sigfrid Siwertz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  395. ^ "Nomination Archive - Teixeira de Pascoaes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  396. ^ "Nomination Archive - Nikolaj Berdyayev". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  397. ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Morgan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  398. ^ "Nomination Archive - Enrique Larreta". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  399. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Carossa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  400. ^ "Nomination Archive - John Steinbeck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  401. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sri Aurobindo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  402. ^ "Nomination Archive - Franz Werfel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  403. ^ "Nomination Archive - Franz Hellens". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  404. ^ "Nomination Archive - Elisabet Bagriana". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  405. ^ "Nomination Archive - Abol-Gassem E'tessam Zadeh". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  406. ^ "Nomination Archive - Luís Nueda y Santiago". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  407. ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  408. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnulf Øverland". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  409. ^ "Nomination Archive - Thomas Eliot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  410. ^ "Nomination Archive - Georgios Theotokas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  411. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Morgan Forster". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  412. ^ "Nomination Archive - E Forster". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  413. ^ "Nomination Archive - Marie Under". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  414. ^ "Nomination Archive - André Gide". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  415. ^ "Nomination Archive - François Mauriac". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  416. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sir Winston Leonard Churchill". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  417. ^ "Nomination Archive - Boris Pasternak". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  418. ^ "Nomination Archive - Herbert Grierson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  419. ^ "Nomination Archive - Schalom Asch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  420. ^ "Nomination Archive - Angelos Sikelianos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  421. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ignazio Silone". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  422. ^ "Nomination Archive - Tarjei Vesaas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  423. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pär Lagerkvist". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  424. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernest Hemingway". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  425. ^ "Nomination Archive - Mikhail Sholokhov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  426. ^ "Nomination Archive - Michail Solochov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  427. ^ "Nomination Archive - Samuel Joseph Agnon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  428. ^ "Nomination Archive - Bernard O'Dowd". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  429. ^ "Nomination Archive - Horace Kallen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  430. ^ "Nomination Archive - Grigorios Xenopoulos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  431. ^ "Nomination Archive - Toyohiko Kagawa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  432. ^ "Nomination Archive - Georgios Drosinis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  433. ^ "Nomination Archive - Nikos Kazantzakis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  434. ^ "Nomination Archive - André Malraux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  435. ^ "Nomination Archive - Halldór Kiljan Laxness". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  436. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sidonie Gabrielle Collette". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  437. ^ "Nomination Archive - Dorothy Fisher". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  438. ^ "Nomination Archive - George Santayana". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  439. ^ "Nomination Archive - Zalman Schneur". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  440. ^ "Nomination Archive - Salman Schneour". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  441. ^ "Nomination Archive - George Macauley Trevelyan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  442. ^ "Nomination Archive - Riccardo Bacchelli". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  443. ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Camus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  444. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacinto Grau Delgado". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  445. ^ "Nomination Archive - Reinaldo Temprano Azcona". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  446. ^ "Nomination Archive - Leonid Leonov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  447. ^ "Nomination Archive - Enrique González Martínez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  448. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfonso Reyes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  449. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sean O'Casey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  450. ^ "Nomination Archive - Taha Hussein". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  451. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alberto Moravia". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  452. ^ "Nomination Archive - William Faulkner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  453. ^ "Nomination Archive - Bertrand Russell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  454. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Moreton Drax Plunkett Dunsany". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  455. ^ "Nomination Archive - Leopold Staff". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  456. ^ "Nomination Archive - Thomas Raddall". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  457. ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Steffen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  458. ^ "Nomination Archive - John Dewey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  459. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hermann Broch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  460. ^ "Nomination Archive - Júlio Dantas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  461. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfred Noyes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  462. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jakobus Bloem". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  463. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Toynbee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  464. ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Jaspers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  465. ^ "Nomination Archive - Karen Blixen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  466. ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Frost". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  467. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gertrud von Le Fort". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  468. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gertrud von Le Fort". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  469. ^ "Nomination Archive - Martin Buber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  470. ^ "Nomination Archive - Simon Vestdijk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  471. ^ "Nomination Archive - Mika Waltari". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  472. ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Graves". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  473. ^ "Nomination Archive - Graham Greene". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  474. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ezequiel Martinez Estrada". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  475. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sotiris Skipis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  476. ^ "Nomination Archive - Katherine Susannah Prichard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  477. ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Enriqueta Camarillo y Roa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  478. ^ "Nomination Archive - Romulo Gallegos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  479. ^ "Nomination Archive - José-Maria Ferreira de Castro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  480. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ferreira de Castro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  481. ^ "Nomination Archive - Juan Ramón Jiménez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  482. ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Schweitzer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  483. ^ "Nomination Archive - John Dover Wilson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  484. ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Plisnier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  485. ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Vialar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  486. ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Artus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  487. ^ "Nomination Archive - Van Wyck Brooks". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  488. ^ "Charlie Chaplin Sails for England – Visa Revoked". Today in Civil History Liberties. 17 September 1952. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  489. ^ "Nomination Archive - Walter de la Mare". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  490. ^ "Nomination Archive - Julien Benda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  491. ^ "Nomination Archive - Werner Bergengruen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  492. ^ "Nomination Archive - Werner Bergengruen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  493. ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvador de Madariaga". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  494. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gottfried Benn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  495. ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Mell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  496. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alberto Hidalgo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  497. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jaroslav Seifert". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  498. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ricardo Rojas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  499. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustave Vanzype". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  500. ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Vouyouklatis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  501. ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Jung". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  502. ^ "Nomination Archive - Saint-John Perse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  503. ^ "Nomination Archive - George Seferis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  504. ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugenio Montale". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  505. ^ "Nomination Archive - Igor Gouzenko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  506. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Suits". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  507. ^ "Nomination Archive - Reinhold Schneider". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  508. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernst Curtius". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  509. ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlos Vaz Ferreira". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  510. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur Bryant". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  511. ^ "Nomination Archive - Giovanni Papini". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  512. ^ Jorge A. Zapata Z.: "Fernando González Ochoa". Monografías.com. Retrieved on May 9, 2008.
  513. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edith Sitwell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  514. ^ "Nomination Archive - Adrianus Roland Holst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  515. ^ "Nomination Archive - Adrianus Roland Holst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  516. ^ "Nomination Archive - William Somerset Maugham". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  517. ^ "Nomination Archive - Leslie Poles Hartley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  518. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Bosco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  519. ^ "Nomination Archive - Giuseppe Ungaretti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  520. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ezra Pound". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  521. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pablo Neruda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  522. ^ "Nomination Archive - Marthe Bibesco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  523. ^ "Nomination Archive - Bert Brecht". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  524. ^ "Nomination Archive - Francesco Chiesa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  525. ^ "Nomination Archive - Melpo Axioti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  526. ^ "Nomination Archive - Elizabeth Goudge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  527. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jules Supervielle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  528. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gonzague de Reynold". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  529. ^ "Nomination Archive - Armand Godoy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  530. ^ "Nomination Archive - Vasco Pratolini". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  531. ^ "Nomination Archive - Christopher Fry". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  532. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Guitton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  533. ^ "Nomination Archive - Marcel Pagnol". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  534. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernst Jünger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  535. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henry de Motherlant". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  536. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gabriel Marcel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  537. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jorge Luis Borges". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  538. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean-Paul Sartre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  539. ^ "Nomination Archive - Samuel Beckett". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  540. ^ "Nomination Archive - Lennox Robinson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  541. ^ "Nomination Archive - Valery Larbaud". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  542. ^ "Nomination Archive - Knuth Becker". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  543. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jan Parandowski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  544. ^ "Nomination Archive - Frak Thiess". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  545. ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlo Levi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  546. ^ "Nomination Archive - Mircea Eliade". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  547. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  548. ^ "Nomination Archive - André Chamson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  549. ^ "Nomination Archive - Väinö Linna". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  550. ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvatore Quasimodo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  551. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivo Andrić". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  552. ^ "Nomination Archive - Elio Vittorini". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  553. ^ "Nomination Archive - James Gould Cozzens". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  554. ^ "Nomination Archive - John Richard Hersey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  555. ^ "Nomination Archive - Fernand Baldensperger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  556. ^ "Nomination Archive - Elizabeth Bowen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  557. ^ "Nomination Archive - John Cowper Powys". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  558. ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Alexander Schröder". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  559. ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Alexander Schroeder". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  560. ^ "Nomination Archive - Maurice Bowra". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  561. ^ "Nomination Archive - Junichiro Tanizaki". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  562. ^ "Nomination Archive - Lionel Trilling". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  563. ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Penn Warren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  564. ^ "Nomination Archive - Janzaburo Nihiwaki". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  565. ^ "Nomination Archive - Junzaburo Nishiwaki". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  566. ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Simenon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  567. ^ "Nomination Archive - Tennessee Williams". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  568. ^ "Nomination Archive - Miroslav Krleža". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  569. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernest Claes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  570. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sochi Raut Roy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  571. ^ "Nomination Archive - Osbert Sitwell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  572. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sacheverell Sitwell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  573. ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Mauron". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  574. ^ "Nomination Archive - Mario Roques". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  575. ^ "Nomination Archive - Martin Heidegger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  576. ^ "Nomination Archive - Stefan Andres". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  577. ^ "Nomination Archive - Juana de Ibarbourou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  578. ^ "Nomination Archive - Heimito von Doderer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  579. ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Raquel Adler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  580. ^ "Nomination Archive - Miguel Torga". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  581. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Zweig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  582. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Egon Holthusen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  583. ^ "Nomination Archive - Étienne Gilson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  584. ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Aragon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  585. ^ "Nomination Archive - Anna Seghers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  586. ^ "Nomination Archive - Frank Raymond Leavis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  587. ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Frisch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  588. ^ "Nomination Archive - Julien Gracq". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  589. ^ "Nomination Archive - Heinrich Böll". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  590. ^ "Nomination Archive - Wesley LaViolette". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  591. ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Heinrich Wagger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  592. ^ "Nomination Archive - Aquilino Ribeiro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  593. ^ "Nomination Archive - Wilhelm Lehmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  594. ^ "Nomination Archive - Marie Noël". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  595. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Price-Mars". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  596. ^ "Nomination Archive - James Thurber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  597. ^ "Nomination Archive - Franz Theodor Csokor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  598. ^ "Nomination Archive - Stratis Myrivilis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  599. ^ "Nomination Archive - Elias Venezis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  600. ^ "Nomination Archive - Aksel Sandemose". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  601. ^ "Nomination Archive - John Boynton Priestley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  602. ^ "Nomination Archive - René Char". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  603. ^ "Nomination Archive - Yasunari Kawabata". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  604. ^ "Nomination Archive - Michel de Ghelderode". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  605. ^ "Nomination Archive - Cora Sandel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  606. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gaston Bachelard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  607. ^ "Nomination Archive - Giulia Scappino Murena". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  608. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur David Waley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  609. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Anouilh". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  610. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre Jean Jouve". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  611. ^ "Nomination Archive - John Ronald Reuel Tolkien". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  612. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmund Wilson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  613. ^ "Nomination Archive - Lawrence Durrell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  614. ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Percy Snow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  615. ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Percy Snow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  616. ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Percy Snow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  617. ^ "Nomination Archive - Wystan Hugh Auden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  618. ^ "Nomination Archive - Simone de Beauvoir". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  619. ^ "Nomination Archive - Friedrich Dürrenmatt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  620. ^ Wikipedia article on Johnson
  621. ^ "Nomination Archive - Eyvind Johnson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  622. ^ "Nomination Archive - Boris Zaytsev". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  623. ^ "Nomination Archive - Humphrey Davy Findley Kitto". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  624. ^ "Nomination Archive - André Schwarz-Bart". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  625. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Erich Nossack". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  626. ^ "Nomination Archive - Manfred Hausmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  627. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ronald Syme". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  628. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pietro Ubaldi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  629. ^ "Nomination Archive - Josep Carner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  630. ^ "Nomination Archive - Roman Osipovich Jakobson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  631. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jorge Guillén". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  632. ^ "Nomination Archive - William Heinesen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  633. ^ "Nomination Archive - Erich Kästner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  634. ^ "Nomination Archive - Vilhelm Moberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  635. ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Zuckmayer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  636. ^ "Nomination Archive - Nelly Sachs". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  637. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ingeborg Bachmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  638. ^ "Nomination Archive - Emilio Cecchi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  639. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Cocteau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  640. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ingemar Düring". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  641. ^ "Nomination Archive - René Étiemble". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  642. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jevgenij Aleksandrovic Jevtusenko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  643. ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Pfeiffer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  644. ^ "Nomination Archive - Kate Roberts". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  645. ^ "Nomination Archive - André Breton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  646. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ramón José Sender". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  647. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Guéhenno". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  648. ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Löwith". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  649. ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles de Gaulle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  650. ^ "Nomination Archive - Yukio Mishima". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  651. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustave Thibon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  652. ^ "Nomination Archive - Erico Verissimo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  653. ^ "Nomination Archive - Marcel Jouhandeau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  654. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Queffélec". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  655. ^ "Nomination Archive - Michel Butor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  656. ^ "Nomination Archive - Vladimir Nabokov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  657. ^ "Nomination Archive - Léopold Sédar Senghor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  658. ^ "Nomination Archive - Miguel Ángel Asturias". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  659. ^ "Nomination Archive - Harry Martinson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  660. ^ "Nomination Archive - Camilo José Cela". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  661. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jérôme Carcopino". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  662. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacques Perret". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  663. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacques Pirenne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  664. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ina Seidel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  665. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre Emmanuel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  666. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hossein Ghods-Nakhai". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  667. ^ "Nomination Archive - Judith Wright". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  668. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gunnar Ekelöf". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  669. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugh MacDiarmid". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  670. ^ "Nomination Archive - Katherine Anne Porter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  671. ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Celan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  672. ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugène Ionesco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  673. ^ "Nomination Archive - James Thomas Farrell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  674. ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Lowell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  675. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Michaux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  676. ^ "Nomination Archive - José Maria Peman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  677. ^ "Nobelarkivet-1965" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  678. ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodor Wisengrund Adorno". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  679. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alceu Amoroso Lima". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  680. ^ "Nomination Archive - Tudor Arghezi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  681. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gilbert Cesbron". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  682. ^ "Open University - Sudhindra Nath Ghose". open.ac.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  683. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sudhin Ghose". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  684. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gopal Singh". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  685. ^ "Nomination Archive - Giovannino Guareschi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  686. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre-Jakez Helias". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  687. ^ "Nomination Archive - Wilhelm Röpke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  688. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alan Sillitoe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  689. ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Erik Soya". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  690. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Troyat". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  691. ^ "Nomination Archive - Marguerite Yourcenar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  692. ^ "Nomination Archive - Juan Antonio de Zunzunegui". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  693. ^ "Nomination Archive - Anna Akhmatova". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  694. ^ "Nomination Archive - Marie Luise Kaschnitz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  695. ^ "Nomination Archive - Konstantin Paustovkij". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  696. ^ "Enciklopaedia Iranica - Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  697. ^ "Nomination Archive - Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh Esfahani". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  698. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alejo Carpentier y Valmont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  699. ^ "Nomination Archive - Zainol-Abedin Rahnema". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  700. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gyula Illyés". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  701. ^ "Nobelarkivet-1966" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  702. ^ "Nomination Archive - Günter Grass". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  703. ^ "Nomination Archive - Johan Collett Borgen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  704. ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlo Emilio Gadda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  705. ^ "Nomination Archive - Thierry Maulnier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  706. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Muller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  707. ^ "Nomination Archive - Walter Pabst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  708. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alexandre Arnoux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  709. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre-Henri Simon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  710. ^ "Nomination Archive - Witold Marian Gombrowicz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  711. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Wesker". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  712. ^ "Nobelarkivet-1967" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  713. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  714. ^ "Nomination Archive - Saul Bellow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  715. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  716. ^ "Nomination Archive - Claude Eugène Henri Simon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  717. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arturo Capdevila". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  718. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Magnus Enzensberger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  719. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Genet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  720. ^ "Nomination Archive - Lawrence Sargent Hall". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  721. ^ "Nomination Archive - Friedrich Georg Jünger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  722. ^ "Nomination Archive - Basij Khalkhali". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  723. ^ "Nomination Archive - Georg Lukács". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  724. ^ "Nomination Archive - André Pézard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  725. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pavlo Tychyna". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  726. ^ "Nomination Archive - Lina Kostenko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  727. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Drach". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  728. ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlos Drummond de Andrade". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  729. ^ "Nomination Archive - Emil Boyson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  730. ^ "Nomination Archive - Germán Pardo García". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  731. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jorge Amado". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  732. ^ "Nomination Archive - Rabbe Arnfinn Enckell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  733. ^ "Nobelarkivet-1968" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  734. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1973". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  735. ^ "Nomination Archive - Patrick White". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  736. ^ "Nomination Archive - Mildred Breedlove". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  737. ^ "Nomination Archive - Konstantin Fedin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  738. ^ "Nomination Archive - Zbigniew Herbert". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  739. ^ "Nomination Archive - Segismundo Masel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  740. ^ "Nomination Archive - Marianne Craig Moore". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  741. ^ "Nomination Archive - Peter Vansittart". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  742. ^ "Nomination Archive - Kazimierz Wierzyński". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  743. ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Delteil". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  744. ^ "Nomination Archive - Claude Lévi-Strauss". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  745. ^ "Nomination Archive - Agustí Bartra". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  746. ^ "Nomination Archive - Friedebert Tuglas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  747. ^ "Nomination Archive - Friedebert Tuglas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  748. ^ "Nomination Archive - Angus Wilson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  749. ^ "Nomination Archive - Luis Buñuel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  750. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Montague Compton Mackenzie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  751. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sławomir Mrożek". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  752. ^ "Nomination Archive - Vladimír Holan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  753. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustave Lucien Martin-Saint-René". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  754. ^ "Nomination Archive - Tadeusz Rózewicz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  755. ^ "Nobelarkivet-1969" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  756. ^ "Nomination Archive - Aleksandr Solzjenitsyn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  757. ^ "Nomination Archive - Elias Canetti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  758. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Cassou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  759. ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Dumézil". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  760. ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Guilloux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  761. ^ "Nomination Archive - Yasushi Inoue". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  762. ^ "Nomination Archive - Bernhard Karlgren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  763. ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Pinget". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  764. ^ "Nomination Archive - Anthony Powell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  765. ^ "Nomination Archive - Raymond Queneau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  766. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Rateau-Landeville". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  767. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustave Roud". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  768. ^ "Nomination Archive - Nathalie Sarraute". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  769. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ton Smerdel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  770. ^ "Nomination Archive - Ho Huu Tuong". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  771. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jerzy Andrzejewski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  772. ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Krolow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  773. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacques Maritain". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  774. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alain Robbe-Grillet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  775. ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Franklin Albee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  776. ^ "Nomination Archive - Aimé Césaire". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  777. ^ "Nomination Archive - Tawfik El-Hakim". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  778. ^ "Nomination Archive - Tawfik El-Hakim". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  779. ^ "Nomination Archive - Siegfried Lenz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  780. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugh L MacLennan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  781. ^ "Nomination Archive - László Mécs". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  782. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur Miller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  783. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Ruin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  784. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hannu Sulo Salama". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  785. ^ "Nomination Archive - Zaharia Stancu". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  786. ^ "Nomination Archive - Gerard Walschap". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  787. ^ "Nobelarkivet-1970" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  788. ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugen Barbu". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  789. ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugo Samuel Bergmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  790. ^ "Nomination Archive - Heðin Brú". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  791. ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Ganzo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  792. ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Dorra-Haddad". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  793. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sei Itō". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  794. ^ "Nomination Archive - Tatsuzō Ishikawa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  795. ^ "Nomination Archive - Kwang-Soo Lee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  796. ^ "Nomination Archive - Alexander Lernet-Holenia". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  797. ^ "Nomination Archive - Victoria Ocampo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  798. ^ "Nomination Archive - Emilo Oribe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  799. ^ "Nomination Archive - Luis Valeri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  800. ^ "Nomination Archive - Frank Waters". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  801. ^ "Nomination Archive - John Saunders Lewis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  802. ^ "Nomination Archive - Harold Macmillan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  803. ^ "Nomination Archive - Mikha´il Nu´ayma". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  804. ^ "Nomination Archive - Pandelis Prevelakis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  805. ^ "Nomination Archive - Denis de Rougemont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  806. ^ "Nomination Archive - Abraham Sutzkever". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  807. ^ "Nomination Archive - Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  808. ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvador Espriu i Castelló". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  809. ^ "Nomination Archive - Paavo Juhani Haavikko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  810. ^ "Nomination Archive - Evaristo Ribera Chevremont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  811. ^ "Nomination Archive - Sándor Weöres". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  812. ^ "Nomination Archive - Amado Magcalas Yuzon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  813. ^ "Nobelarkivet-1971" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  814. ^ "Nomination Archive - Wılliam Gerald Golding". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  815. ^ "Nomination Archive - Elie Wiesel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  816. ^ "Nomination Archive - José María Arguedas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  817. ^ "Nomination Archive - James Arthur Baldwin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  818. ^ "Nomination Archive - Mikola Bazhan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  819. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jawad Boulos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  820. ^ "Nomination Archive - Lord David Cecil". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  821. ^ "Nomination Archive - Tsendiin Damdinsüren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  822. ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Demiéville". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  823. ^ "Nomination Archive - Maurice Genevoix". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  824. ^ "Nomination Archive - Younghill Kang". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  825. ^ "Nomination Archive - Richard Eun Kook Kim". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  826. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur Koestler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  827. ^ "Nomination Archive - Archibald MacLeish". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  828. ^ "Nomination Archive - Miguel Melendres de Tarragone". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  829. ^ "Nomination Archive - Fritiof Nilsson Piraten". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  830. ^ Buddhist Studies review. I, no. 1, p.50 (1983-4)
  831. ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Shih". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  832. ^ "Nomination Archive - Henry William Williamson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  833. ^ "Nomination Archive - Philip Arthur Larkin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  834. ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Schehadé". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  835. ^ "Nomination Archive - Arno Schmidt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  836. ^ "Nomination Archive - Tarashankar Bandyopadhyay". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  837. ^ "Nomination Archive - Romain Gary". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  838. ^ "Nomination Archive - Yannis Ritsos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  839. ^ "Nomination Archive - José García Villa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  840. ^ "Nobelarkivet-1972" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  841. ^ "Nomination Archive - Odysseas Elytis". NobelPrize.org. March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  842. ^ "Nomination Archive - Nadine Gordimer". NobelPrize.org. March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  843. ^ "Nomination Archive - Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul". NobelPrize.org. March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  844. ^ "Nomination Archive - Doris Lessing". NobelPrize.org. March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  845. ^ "Nomination Archive - Said Akl". NobelPrize.org. March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  846. ^ "Nomination Archive - Austin 'Tom' Clarke". NobelPrize.org. March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  847. ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacob Glatstein". NobelPrize.org. March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  848. ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Heller". NobelPrize.org. March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
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