cercar
Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Late Latin circāre, from Latin circa, circus. Compare Occitan cercar and French chercher.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]cercar (first-person singular present cerco, first-person singular preterite cerquí, past participle cercat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencia) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/
- (transitive) to look for; to search
- Synonym: buscar
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | cercar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | cercant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | cercat | cercada | |||||
plural | cercats | cercades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | cerco | cerques | cerca | cerquem | cerqueu | cerquen | |
imperfect | cercava | cercaves | cercava | cercàvem | cercàveu | cercaven | |
future | cercaré | cercaràs | cercarà | cercarem | cercareu | cercaran | |
preterite | cerquí | cercares | cercà | cercàrem | cercàreu | cercaren | |
conditional | cercaria | cercaries | cercaria | cercaríem | cercaríeu | cercarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | cerqui | cerquis | cerqui | cerquem | cerqueu | cerquin | |
imperfect | cerqués | cerquessis | cerqués | cerquéssim | cerquéssiu | cerquessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | cerca | cerqui | cerquem | cerqueu | cerquin | |
negative (no) | — | no cerquis | no cerqui | no cerquem | no cerqueu | no cerquin |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “cercar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “cercar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “cercar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “cercar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cercar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Late Latin circāre, from Latin circa, circus. Compare Portuguese cercar.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]cercar (first-person singular present cerco, first-person singular preterite cerquei, past participle cercado)
- to encircle
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 135:
- Para esto ual reer o lugar jnchado et çercallo de semesugas para liurar ende o sange que y ha para seyr fora
- For this is valid to scrape the swollen place and then to encircle it with leeches, so freeing the blood that is there, letting it go out
- to fence, to wall
- to surround; to besiege
- 1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 284:
- por njhũa cousa nonnos leixes partir de Troya, desque a cercaren, ata que non seja tomada et ata que toda sua gent non seja destroýda per gran crueza
- Under no circumstance should you release them from Troia, from the very moment that they surround it, not until it is seized and all of its people is destroyed with great cruelty
Conjugation
[edit]1Less recommended.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cercar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “cerc”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cercar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “cercar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cercar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “cercar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cercar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Italian
[edit]Verb
[edit]cercar (apocopated)
Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Occitan cercar, from Late Latin circāre, present active infinitive of circō, from Latin circa, circus.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]cercar
Conjugation
[edit]simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cercar | aver cercat | |||||
gerund | cercant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | cercat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cerqui | cercas | cerca | cercam | cercatz | cercan | |
imperfect | cercavi | cercavas | cercava | cercàvem | cercàvetz | cercavan | |
preterite | cerquèri | cerquères | cerquèt | cerquèrem | cerquèretz | cerquèron | |
future | cercarai | cercaràs | cercarà | cercarem | cercaretz | cercaràn | |
conditional | cercariái | cercariás | cercariá | cercariam | cercariatz | cercarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | cerquèra | cerquèras | cerquèra | cerqueram | cerqueratz | cerquèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cerque | cerques | cerque | cerquem | cerquetz | cerquen | |
imperfect | cerquèssi | cerquèsses | cerquèsse | cerquèssem | cerquèssetz | cerquèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
cerca | cerquem | cercatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cercar | aver cercat | |||||
gerund | cercant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | cercat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cerque | cerques | cerca | cercam | cercatz | cercon | |
imperfect | cercave | cercaves | cercava | cercaviam | cercaviatz | cercavon | |
preterite | cerquere | cerqueres | cerquet | cerquem | cerquetz | cerqueron | |
future | cercarai | cercaràs | cercará | cercarem | cercaretz | cercarán | |
conditional | cercariá | cercariás | cercariá | cercariam | cercariatz | cercarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | cerquèra | cerquèras | cerquèra | cerqueram | cerqueratz | cerquèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cerque | cerques | cerque | cercassiam | cercassiatz | cercon | |
imperfect | cerquesse | cerquesses | cerquesse | cerquessiam | cerquessiatz | cerquesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
cerca | cercassiam | cercatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cercar | aver cercat | |||||
gerund | cercant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | cercat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cerqui | cercas | cerca | cercam | cercatz | cercan | |
imperfect | cercavi | cercavas | cercava | cercàvam | cercàvatz | cercavan | |
preterite | cerquèi | cerquès | cerquè | cerquèm | cerquètz | cerquèn | |
future | cercarèi | cercaràs | cercarà | cercaram | cercaratz | cercaràn | |
conditional | cercarí | cercarés | cercaré | cercarem | cercaretz | cercarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | cerquèra | cerquèras | cerquèra | cerqueram | cerqueratz | cerquèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cerqui | cerques | cerque | cerquem | cerquetz | cerquen | |
imperfect | cerquèssi | cerquèsses | cerquèsse | cerquèssem | cerquèssetz | cerquèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
cerca | cerquem | cercatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cercar | aver cercat | |||||
gerund | cercant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | cercat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cerque | cercas | cerca | cercam | cercatz | cercan | |
imperfect | cercava | cercavas | cercava | cercàvam | cercàvatz | cercavan | |
preterite | cerquei | cerqueras | cerquet | cerquèram | cerquèratz | cerqueran | |
future | cercarai | cercaràs | cercará | cercarem | cercaretz | cercarán | |
conditional | cercariá | cercariàs | cercariá | cercariam | cercariatz | cercarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | cerquèra | cerquèras | cerquèra | cerqueram | cerqueratz | cerquèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cerque | cerques | cerque | cerquem | cerquetz | cerquen | |
imperfect | cerquèsse | cerquèsses | cerquèsse | cerquèssem | cerquèssetz | cerquèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
cerca | cerquem | cercatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | cercar | aver cercat | |||||
gerund | cercant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | cercat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | cerque | cerques | cerca | cercam | cercatz | cercan | |
imperfect | cercavi | cercavas | cercava | cercàvem | cercàvetz | cercavan | |
preterite | cerquère | cerquères | cerquèt | cerqueriam | cerqueriatz | cerquèron | |
future | cercarai | cercaràs | cercarà | cercarem | cercaretz | cercaràn | |
conditional | cercariáu | cercariás | cercariá | cercariam | cercariatz | cercarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | cerquèra | cerquèras | cerquèra | cerqueram | cerqueratz | cerquèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | cerque | cerques | cerque | cerquem | cerquetz | cercan | |
imperfect | cerquèsse | cerquèsses | cerquèsse | cerquessiam | cerquessiatz | cerquèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
cerca | cerquem | cercatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Joan de Cantalausa (2006) Diccionari general occitan a partir dels parlars lengadocians[1], 2 edition, →ISBN, page 243.
Old Galician-Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Late Latin circāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]cercar
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | simple | cercar | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
gerund | simple | cercando | |||||||
compound | gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
masculine | cercado | cercada | |||||||
feminine | cercados | cercadas | |||||||
present participle | cercante | cercantes | |||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | cerco | cercas | cerca | cercamos | cercades | cercan | ||
imperfect | cercava | cercavas | cercava | cercavamos, cercávamos | cercavades, cercávades | cercavan | |||
preterite | cerquei | cercaste, cercasche, cercache | cercou | cercamos | cercastes | cercaron | |||
pluperfect | cercara | cercaras | cercara | cercaramos, cercáramos | cercarades, cercárades | cercaran | |||
future | cercarei | cercarás | cercará | cercaremos | cercaredes | cercarán | |||
conditional | cercaria | cercarias | cercaria | cercariamos, cercaríamos | cercariades, cercaríades | cercarian | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
present imperfect | imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
past anterior | preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
pluperfect | simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
subjunctive mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | cerque | cerques | cerque | cerquemos | cerquedes | cerquen | ||
preterite | cercasse | cercasses | cercasse | cercássemos | cercássedes | cercassen | |||
future | cercar | cercares | cercar | cercarmos | cercardes | cercaren | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
pluperfect | preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
imperative mood | — | tu | vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
— | |||
affirmative | — | cerca | cerque | cerquemos | cercade | — | |||
negative | — | non cerques | non cerque | non cerquemos | non cerquedes | — | |||
personal infinitive | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
cercar | cercares | cercar | cercarmos | cercardes | cerquaren | ||||
1 Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well. 2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver". |
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cercar, from Late Latin circāre, from Latin circa, circus. Compare Galician cercar.
Pronunciation
[edit]
- Hyphenation: cer‧car
Verb
[edit]cercar (first-person singular present cerco, first-person singular preterite cerquei, past participle cercado)
- (transitive) to besiege
- (transitive) to surround
Conjugation
[edit]1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Guinea-Bissau Creole: serka
Further reading
[edit]- “cercar”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
- “cercar” in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2024
- “cercar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
- “cercar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
- “cercar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
- “cercar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Spanish cercar, from Late Latin circāre, from Latin circa, circus. Cognate with English search.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): (Spain) /θeɾˈkaɾ/ [θeɾˈkaɾ]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /seɾˈkaɾ/ [seɾˈkaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: cer‧car
Verb
[edit]cercar (first-person singular present cerco, first-person singular preterite cerqué, past participle cercado)
- (transitive) to corral, fence, fence off
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | cercar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | cercando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | cercado | cercada | |||||
plural | cercados | cercadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | cerco | cercastú cercásvos |
cerca | cercamos | cercáis | cercan | |
imperfect | cercaba | cercabas | cercaba | cercábamos | cercabais | cercaban | |
preterite | cerqué | cercaste | cercó | cercamos | cercasteis | cercaron | |
future | cercaré | cercarás | cercará | cercaremos | cercaréis | cercarán | |
conditional | cercaría | cercarías | cercaría | cercaríamos | cercaríais | cercarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | cerque | cerquestú cerquésvos2 |
cerque | cerquemos | cerquéis | cerquen | |
imperfect (ra) |
cercara | cercaras | cercara | cercáramos | cercarais | cercaran | |
imperfect (se) |
cercase | cercases | cercase | cercásemos | cercaseis | cercasen | |
future1 | cercare | cercares | cercare | cercáremos | cercareis | cercaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | cercatú cercávos |
cerque | cerquemos | cercad | cerquen | ||
negative | no cerques | no cerque | no cerquemos | no cerquéis | no cerquen |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “cercar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Catalan terms inherited from Late Latin
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- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ar
- Spanish verbs with c-qu alternation
- Spanish transitive verbs