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U+582A, 堪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-582A

[U+5829]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+582B]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 32, +9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土廿一女 (GTMV), four-corner 44111, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 233, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5266
  • Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 460, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+582A

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kʰluːm) and ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : semantic (earth) + phonetic (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums, extreme, profound) — originally meaning “heavy mountain/earthen protrusion”, it later came to signify the act of “enduring” that earth's weight.

Etymology

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Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese ခံ (hkam, to receive; to endure), Jingpho khàm (to endure) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (29)
Final () (159)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter khom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰʌm/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰəm/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰɒm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰəm/
Li
Rong
/kʰᴀm/
Wang
Li
/kʰɒm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰăm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
kān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ham1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
kān
Middle
Chinese
‹ khom ›
Old
Chinese
/*[kʰ]ˁ[ə]m/
English able to bear

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11271
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰluːm/

Definitions

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  1. may; can; to be capable of; to be able to
  2. to bear; to stand; to resist; to endure
    一擊一击  ―  kānyījī  ―  cannot withstand a single blow
  3. (obsolete) protrusion in the earth

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
かん
Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC khom).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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(かん) (kan

  1. to bear; to endure
  2. capable

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC khom).

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 견딜 (gyeondil gam))

  1. hanja form? of (to endure; to bear)
  2. hanja form? of (capable)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: kham, khom, khăm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.