太后
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Chinese
[edit]too (much); very; extremely too (much); very; extremely; highest; greatest |
empress; queen; surname | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (太后) |
太 | 后 |
Etymology
[edit]Attested earliest in Stratagems of the Warring States:
- 周君之秦。謂周最曰:「不如譽秦王之孝也,因以應為太后養地。秦王、太后必喜,是公有秦也。交善,周君必以為公功;交惡,勸周君入秦者,必有罪矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
- Zhōujūn zhī qín. Wèi Zhōu Zuì yuē: “Bùrú yù Qínwáng zhī xiào yě, yīn yǐ yìng wèi tàihòu yǎngdì. Qínwáng, tàihòu bì xǐ, shì gōng yǒu Qín yě. Jiāo shàn, Zhōujūn bì yǐwèi gōng gōng; jiāo è, quàn Zhōujūn rù Qín zhě, bì yǒuzuì yǐ.” [Pinyin]
- The Lord of Zhou was going to Qin, and someone spoke to Zhou Zui, saying: "You could do no better than to praise the filial piety of the King of Qin, and take the opportunity to provide land to support the Queen Dowager. The King of Qin and the Queen Dowager will certainly be pleased, and this being so you will gain Qin's support. If relations improve, the Lord of Zhou will attribute the success to you. If they decline, whoever prompted him to go to Qin will certainly be blamed."
周君之秦。谓周最曰:「不如誉秦王之孝也,因以应为太后养地。秦王、太后必喜,是公有秦也。交善,周君必以为公功;交恶,劝周君入秦者,必有罪矣。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): taai3 hau6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thai-heu
- Eastern Min (BUC): tái-hâiu
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thài-hiǒ / thài-hō͘ / thài-hiō
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄡˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tàihòu
- Wade–Giles: tʻai4-hou4
- Yale: tài-hòu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tayhow
- Palladius: тайхоу (tajxou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: taai3 hau6
- Yale: taai hauh
- Cantonese Pinyin: taai3 hau6
- Guangdong Romanization: tai3 heo6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaːi̯³³ hɐu̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thai-heu
- Hakka Romanization System: tai heu
- Hagfa Pinyim: tai4 heu4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯⁵⁵ heu̯⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tái-hâiu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰai²¹³⁻⁵³ (h-)ɑu²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thài-hiǒ
- Tâi-lô: thài-hiǒ
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hio²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thài-hiō
- Tâi-lô: thài-hiō
- Phofsit Daibuun: tae'hioi
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hio³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɤ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Middle Chinese: thajH huwX|huwH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤa[t]-s ɢˤ(r)oʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːds ɡoːʔ|ɡoːs/
Noun
[edit]太后
- empress dowager
- 永樂太后暴崩,眾論惑焉 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
- Yǒnglè tàihòu bàobēng, zhònglùn huò yān [Pinyin]
- After the empress dowager of Yongle palace suddenly died, people talked about it with suspicion
永乐太后暴崩,众论惑焉 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]- 皇太后 (huángtàihòu)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
太 | 后 |
たい Grade: 2 |
こう Grade: 6 |
on'yomi | kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 太后 (MC thajH huwX|huwH).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- an empress dowager
- Synonym: 皇太后 (kōtaigō)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
太 | 后 |
おお Grade: 2 |
きさい Grade: 6 |
nanori | kun'yomi |
Extension of 大后 (ōkisaki, “empress”), also read as later ōkisai.
Noun
[edit]太后 • (ōkisaki) ←おほきさき (ofokisaki)? or 太后 • (ōkisai) ←おほきさい (ofokisai)?
- (archaic) an empress dowager
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Sakaki)
- 大后も参りたまはむとするを...
- ōkisaki mo mairi-tamahan to suru o...
- Though the Empress Dowager also thought she would visit him...
- 大后も参りたまはむとするを...
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Sakaki)
Derived terms
[edit]- 皇太后宮 (ōkisai no miya)
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
太 | 后 |
Noun
[edit]- hanja form? of 태후 (“empress dowager”)
Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Extension of 大后 (opoki₁saki₁, “empress”).
Noun
[edit]太后 (opoki₁saki₁) (kana おほきさき)
- an empress dowager
- 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Suizei (first year [581 BCE] and month of reign; Atsuda-bon glosses):
- 尊レ皇-后、曰二皇太后一。
- [He] honoured the Empress by granting her [the title] of empress dowager.
Derived terms
[edit]- 皇太后宮 (opoki₁saki₁ no₂ mi₁ya)
Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 太后 (ōkisaki → ōkisai)
Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
太 | 后 |
Noun
[edit]太后
- chữ Hán form of thái hậu (“empress dowager”).
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- zh:Monarchy
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