oil
English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- enPR: oil, IPA(key): /ɔɪ(ə)l/, [ɔɪ(ə)ɫ]
- (Southern US) IPA(key): /ɔl̴/
Audio (US): (file) Audio (UK): (file)
Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English oyle, oile (“olive oil”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman olie, from Latin oleum (“oil, olive oil”), from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”), from ἐλαία (elaía, “olive”). Compare Proto-Slavic *lojь. More at olive. Doublet of oleum. Supplanted Middle English ele (“oil”), from Old English ele (“oil”), also from Latin.
Noun
[edit]oil (countable and uncountable, plural oils)
- Liquid fat.
- Petroleum-based liquid used as fuel or lubricant.
- Petroleum.
- 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:
- The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices). It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber.
- (countable) An oil painting.
- 1973, John Ulric Nef, Search for meaning: the autobiography of a nonconformist, page 89:
- Yet, in another way, I was unable to put Picasso's oils in the same class as Cezanne's, or even (which will no doubt shock many readers) as Renoir's.
- (painting) Oil paint.
- I prefer to paint in oil
- (attributive) Containing oil, conveying oil; intended for or capable of containing oil.
- oil barrel; oil pipe
- 1884, Trade News, “A one-wheel Nantucket vehicle”, in The Automotive Manufacturer[1], page 372:
- Such a vehicle is made by taking any old barrel (usually an oil barrel, but the one selected for our sketch was one that once contained Valentine’s varnish) and through each head of the barrel an inch hole is bored, and an iron bar is driven through, leaving the ends projecting about eight inches.
Derived terms
[edit]- abrasin oil
- absinthe oil
- add oil
- almond oil
- baby oil
- banana oil
- beard oil
- beech oil
- ben oil
- big oil
- bio-oil
- bone oil
- bunker oil
- burn the midnight oil
- butter oil
- cajuput oil
- Candy oil
- canola oil
- carap oil
- carrier oil
- Carron oil
- cast oil on troubled waters
- castor oil
- castor-oil
- castor oil plant
- chili oil
- citronella oil
- coal oil
- coconut oil
- cod liver oil
- codliver oil
- cod-liver oil
- colza oil
- concrete oil of wine
- cooking oil
- coquito oil
- corn oil
- cost oil
- cottonseed oil
- crab oil
- croton oil
- crude oil
- Danish oil
- dead oil
- dinkum oil
- Dippel's oil
- drying oil
- earth oil
- engine oil
- essential oil
- ethiodized oil
- evening primrose oil
- fatty oil
- fish oil
- fixed oil
- flaxseed oil
- fog oil
- fork oil
- fossil oil
- fuel oil
- fusel oil
- gas oil
- gear oil
- good oil
- gorli oil
- grapeseed oil
- grass oil
- gutter oil
- hair oil
- haliver oil
- hash oil
- heating oil
- honey oil
- illuminating oil
- immersion oil
- infused oil
- joint oil
- juniper oil
- kekune oil
- Koeme oil
- lamp-oil
- light oil
- linseed oil
- lubricating oil
- lubricating oil
- macassar oil
- Malabar oil
- margosa oil
- midnight oil
- mineral oil
- mink oil
- mirbane oil
- motor oil
- mustard oil
- neck oil
- neem oil
- North Sea oil
- oil and water
- oil and water don't mix
- oil baron
- oil beetle
- oil bug
- oil burner
- oil burner route
- oil-burning
- oil cake
- oil-canning
- oil change
- oil company
- oil-digger
- oil-down
- oil down
- oil drum
- oil field
- oil-fired
- oil firing
- oil gas
- oil green
- oiligarchy
- oil lamp
- oil-lit
- oilman
- oil mill
- oil of brick
- oil of bricks
- oil of lemon eucalyptus
- oil of mirbane
- oil of myrbane
- oil of olives
- oil of palm
- oil of petre
- oil of spike
- oil of talc
- oil of turpentine
- oil of vitriol
- oil of wine
- oil of wintergreen
- oil opera
- oil paint
- oil painting
- oil palm
- oil pan
- oil patch
- oil-patch
- oil pipeline
- oil platform
- oil pull
- oil pulling
- oil radish
- oil rain lamp
- oil refinery
- oil refining
- oil-rich
- oil rig
- oil sand
- oil-seed camellia
- oil shale
- oilskin
- oil slick
- oilsmoke
- oil spill
- oil spot
- oil spotting
- oil stove
- oil swishing
- oil tanker
- oil terminal
- oil test
- oil trash
- oil tycoon
- oil up
- oil well
- oily
- oiticica oil
- old-oil
- oleo oil
- olive oil
- olive pomace oil
- ore-bulk-oil carrier
- palm kernel oil
- palm oil
- palm-oil
- paraffin oil
- peak oil
- penetrating oil
- peppermint oil
- petre oil
- pine oil
- pinhoen oil
- poonga oil
- poppyseed oil
- pour oil on troubled waters
- preen oil
- process oil
- pulza oil
- rape oil
- rapeseed oil
- rind oil spot
- rind-oil spot
- rock oil
- roosa oil
- rose oil
- rubbing oil
- Russia oil
- salad-oil
- salad oil
- seed oil
- Seneca oil
- sesame oil
- shale oil
- shaving oil
- smooth as oil
- snake oil
- solar oil
- soybean oil
- sperm oil
- sperm whale oil
- spike oil
- stomach oil
- stone oil
- storm oil
- strap oil
- strike oil
- sump oil
- sunflower oil
- suntan oil
- sweet oil
- take your oil
- tall oil
- teak oil
- tea oil
- tea oil camellia
- tea oil plant
- tea tree oil
- the squeaky wheel gets the oil
- tied oil
- tight oil
- toxic oil syndrome
- tractor vaporising oil
- train oil
- truffle oil
- tung oil
- tung oil tree
- valve oil
- vegetable oil
- virgin oil
- virgin olive oil
- whale oil
- wood oil
- wood-oil
- worm oil
- zdravets oil
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle English oilen, oylen, from the noun (see above).
Verb
[edit]oil (third-person singular simple present oils, present participle oiling, simple past and past participle oiled)
- (transitive) To lubricate with oil.
- 1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, chapter 23, in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC:
- Before they went to see Glinda, however, they were taken to a room of the Castle, where Dorothy washed her face and combed her hair, and the Lion shook the dust out of his mane, and the Scarecrow patted himself into his best shape, and the Woodman polished his tin and oiled his joints.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
- The face which emerged was not reassuring. […]. He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black curls.
- (transitive) To grease with oil for cooking.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
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Anagrams
[edit]Irish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Irish ail, oil (“disgrace, reproach”).[2]
Noun
[edit]oil f (genitive singular oile)
Declension
[edit]
Bare forms (no plural form of this noun)
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Forms with the definite article
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Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Irish ailid, oilid (“nourishes, rears, fosters”) (compare altram (“fosterage”), from a verbal noun of ailid).[3]
Verb
[edit]oil (present analytic oileann, future analytic oilfidh, verbal noun oiliúint, past participle oilte)
- (transitive) nourish, rear, foster
- Proverb: Gach dalta mar a oiltear. ― Every fosterling as it is reared.
- (transitive) train, educate
- lámh oilte ― practised hand
Conjugation
[edit]* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]
Noun
[edit]oil f (genitive singular oileach, nominative plural oileacha)
- Alternative form of ail (“stone, rock”)
Declension
[edit]
Bare forms
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Forms with the definite article
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Etymology 4
[edit]
Verb
[edit]oil (present analytic oileann, future analytic oilfidh, verbal noun oiliúint, past participle oilte)
- (intransitive) Alternative form of oir (“suit, fit, become”)
Conjugation
[edit]* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)
Mutation
[edit]Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
oil | n-oil | hoil | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
[edit]- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 89
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ail (‘disgrace, reproach’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ailid (‘nourish, foster’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Further reading
[edit]- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “oil”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Middle English
[edit]Noun
[edit]oil
- Alternative form of oyle
Old French
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]- Vulgar Latin *hoc ille, from Latin hoc + ille (“this [is what] he [said]”),[1] akin to o je, o tu, o nos, o vos, all ‘this’ constructed with other personal pronouns;[2][3]
- hoc illud (“this is it, lit. this that”).
In any case, an elliptical phrase of response, by semantic erosion/grammaticalization possibly calqued on Gaulish: compare Portuguese and Spanish isso and eso (“yes, yeah”, literally “this”), Celtic languages such as Old Irish tó (“yes”), Welsh do (“indeed”), from *tod (“this, that”).[4]
Compare with Old French o, ou, oc, ec, euc, uoc, Old Occitan oc (Occitan òc), all from the simple Latin hoc.
Alternative forms
[edit]- oïl (almost always used by scholars to disambiguate with other meanings)
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]oil
Interjection
[edit]oil
- yes
- c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- "Oïl, mout m'an sovient il bien.
Seneschaus, savez vos an rien?- Yes, I remember it well
Seneschal, do you know anything about it?
- Yes, I remember it well
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Languages Within Language, by Ivan Fonagy, page 66
- ^ “oui”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- ^ Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé at atilf.fr; select “OÏL”
- ^ Peter Schrijver, Studies in the History of Celtic Pronouns and Particles, Maynooth, 1997, 15.
Etymology 2
[edit]See ueil.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]oil oblique singular, m (oblique plural ouz or oilz, nominative singular ouz or oilz, nominative plural oil)
- Alternative form of ueil
- 1260–1267, Brunetto Latini, “De tous Faucons [On all falcons]” (chapter 150), Book 5, in Livres dou Tresor [Book of Treasures]; republished as Polycarpe Chabaille, compiler, Li livres dou tresor par Brunetto Latini[2], Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1863, page 203:
- La sisisme ligne est sourpoins. Cist est molt grans, et resemble aigle blanche, mais des oilz et des eles et dou bec est il semblables au girfaut
- The sixth kind [of falcon] is the saker. It is very large, and resembles the white eagle; but in the eyes, and in the wings, and in the beak, it is similar to the gyrfalcon
Simeulue
[edit]Noun
[edit]oil
References
[edit]- Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with audio links
- English terms with homophones
- Rhymes:English/ɔɪl
- Rhymes:English/ɔɪl/1 syllable
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Anglo-Norman
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English doublets
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- en:Painting
- English terms with usage examples
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- en:Petroleum
- en:Fats and oils
- en:Liquids
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish lemmas
- Irish nouns
- Irish feminine nouns
- Irish literary terms
- Irish second-declension nouns
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)
- Irish verbs
- Irish transitive verbs
- Irish terms with usage examples
- Irish first-conjugation verbs of class A
- Irish fifth-declension nouns
- Irish intransitive verbs
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Old French compound terms
- Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms derived from Gaulish
- Old French terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old French lemmas
- Old French adverbs
- Old French interjections
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old French nouns
- Old French masculine nouns
- fro:Anatomy
- Simeulue lemmas
- Simeulue nouns