Leonardo Rodríguez Urrego

Isolated water and energy microgrids (IWEMGs) serve as vital solutions for enhancing the well-being of remote and rural communities, particularly in areas where water and energy resources are scarce. This has spurred research into the interdependence between the water and energy sectors (water–energy nexus), a field that has grown in response to technological advancements. Through a systematic optimization framework, this review critically evaluates the integration of various technologies… Mostrar más

Isolated water and energy microgrids (IWEMGs) serve as vital solutions for enhancing the well-being of remote and rural communities, particularly in areas where water and energy resources are scarce. This has spurred research into the interdependence between the water and energy sectors (water–energy nexus), a field that has grown in response to technological advancements. Through a systematic optimization framework, this review critically evaluates the integration of various technologies within IWEMGs, encompassing infrastructure, management, and strategic planning, while considering economic and social impacts. IWEMGs incorporate diverse technologies for the infrastructure, management, and strategic planning of water and energy resources, integrating economic and social considerations to inform decisions that affect both immediate and long-term sustainability and reliability. This article presents an exhaustive review of the literature on IWEMG management, employing an approach that synthesizes existing studies to enhance the understanding of strategic IWEMG management and planning. It introduces a structured taxonomy for organizing research trends and tackling unresolved challenges within the field. Notably, the review identifies critical gaps, such as the lack of comprehensive data on water demand in isolated locations, and underscores the emerging role of game theory and machine learning in enriching IWEMG management frameworks. Ultimately, this review outlines essential indicators for forthcoming research, focusing on the optimization, management, and strategic planning of IWEMG resources and infrastructure, thereby setting a direction for future technological and methodological advancements in the field. Mostrar menos

The Anthropocene is an epoch characterized by socio-ecological complexity and uncertainty, resulting from human influence on our planet's history. Human actions have triggered planetary threshold crossings, disrupting the planet's self-regulating systems. This prompts the search for alternatives to the ongoing crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic, for example, has highlighted ecological disruptions caused by cumulative human transformations, challenging society's adaptability and allowing biodiversity… Mostrar más

The Anthropocene is an epoch characterized by socio-ecological complexity and uncertainty, resulting from human influence on our planet's history. Human actions have triggered planetary threshold crossings, disrupting the planet's self-regulating systems. This prompts the search for alternatives to the ongoing crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic, for example, has highlighted ecological disruptions caused by cumulative human transformations, challenging society's adaptability and allowing biodiversity incursions into previously vacant habitats. This study aims to explore and validate Nature-based Solutions (NbS) as strategic responses to these anthropogenic challenges, focusing on the integration of socio-ecological, geopolitical, economic, and financial elements to foster energy transitions towards a resilient, low-carbon future. The preliminary model integrates these elements within regional strategies, amalgamating insights into ecosystem services, synergies, and commitments. This approach fosters a discourse between science and policy, emphasizing knowledge management, dialogue, and consensus among territorial stakeholders. It aids the transition toward sustainability across varying scales, providing evidence for decision-makers in ecosystem service assessment and valuation. This bolsters integration into economic management policies. In summary, this research emphasizes addressing challenges from a socio-ecological stance, amalgamating knowledge, and propelling discourse between science and policy for a sustainable future. This holistic viewpoint is pivotal in tackling the Anthropocene's socio-ecological quandaries, ensuring a sustainable trajectory for our planet. Mostrar menos

The integration of renewable energies into water systems emerges as a crucial challenge and an opportunity within the water-energy nexus, particularly in isolated communities, emphasizing the importance of developing sustainable and self-sufficient isolated water-energy microgrids (IWEMGs). This study addresses a significant gap in existing research by proposing a comprehensive model that simultaneously considers operation and dispatch in IWEMGs. Our work introduces a framework based on game… Mostrar más

The integration of renewable energies into water systems emerges as a crucial challenge and an opportunity within the water-energy nexus, particularly in isolated communities, emphasizing the importance of developing sustainable and self-sufficient isolated water-energy microgrids (IWEMGs). This study addresses a significant gap in existing research by proposing a comprehensive model that simultaneously considers operation and dispatch in IWEMGs. Our work introduces a framework based on game theory to model and optimize resource management in IWEMGs, where actors, including consumers, producers, or prosumers, engage in a non-cooperative game (Cournot competition), enabling an effective resource allocation mechanism for water and energy that considers strategic interactions among participants. The application of this model to a case study in a rural community, known as Ranchería, in La Guajira, Colombia, demonstrates the practicality and effectiveness of IWEMGs in meeting the water and energy demands of users. The model is implemented and solved using the GAMS software. Our quantitative results show optimal performance in resource management, highlighting the model’s ability to facilitate informed decision-making. Through a detailed analysis of water and energy transactions and the net benefits achieved, the study illustrates the potential of game theory to enhance the operational performance of IWEMGs. Furthermore, this research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable resource management, offering insights that could guide the development of policies and strategies for implementing IWEMGs in similar contexts globally. Mostrar menos

This article provides an extensive examination of the interconnectedness between energy and water in island regions, particularly those heavily reliant on tourism, as exemplified by the present case. This study explores the present state and trends of research in this field with the objective of attaining a sustainable system in future scenarios. Specifically, this analysis delves into the water–energy–CO2 nexus of the Colombian island of San Andrés. Currently, there is no energy generation… Mostrar más

This article provides an extensive examination of the interconnectedness between energy and water in island regions, particularly those heavily reliant on tourism, as exemplified by the present case. This study explores the present state and trends of research in this field with the objective of attaining a sustainable system in future scenarios. Specifically, this analysis delves into the water–energy–CO2 nexus of the Colombian island of San Andrés. Currently, there is no energy generation from the water sector, with 76.18% of water consumption directed towards the cooling of thermal power plants and a mere 1.54% of the energy employed for water extraction, desalination, and purification. In 2019, the island’s total energy consumption reached 138 ktoe (kilotons of oil equivalent), and renewable energies have yet to contribute to the system. These findings emphasize the necessity for the island to implement measures that will bolster its sustainability, self-sufficiency, and resilience. This entails mitigating and managing the intensity of resource consumption, particularly in areas experiencing economic growth. According to the Sankey diagram obtained, some political implications and recommendations have been listed. Mostrar menos

Nowadays, energy generation systems that include renewable energies, substations, distribution, transmission, control, measurement, and storage applications, among others, and are interrelated are known as Smart Grids. All these techniques and technologies involve extensive research and development, which allows for the solving of key aspects, such as control, diagnosis, and fault recovery, as well as communication systems focused directly on the operation of the electrical networks. Due to the… Mostrar más

Nowadays, energy generation systems that include renewable energies, substations, distribution, transmission, control, measurement, and storage applications, among others, and are interrelated are known as Smart Grids. All these techniques and technologies involve extensive research and development, which allows for the solving of key aspects, such as control, diagnosis, and fault recovery, as well as communication systems focused directly on the operation of the electrical networks. Due to the relevance of knowledge concerning developments in these areas of Smart Grids, this paper presents a review of the research related to the control systems applied to Smart Grids and Micro Grids, both in supply and demand. Likewise, some control models relate to different processes, with a special focus on techniques related to Petri nets. The paper shows, among other outcomes, the advances in the control of smart grids, the types of generation and their influence on the design of transmission lines, integrated circuits applied based on sensors, communication technologies, and automation schemes in all levels of the electrical network. Finally, patents from 1950 to 2019 related to Smart Grid in energy systems are traced and presented. Mostrar menos

Groundwater pumping systems using photovoltaic (PV) energy are increasingly being implemented around the world and, to a greater extent, in rural and electrically isolated areas. Over time, the cost of these systems has decreased, providing greater accessibility to freshwater in areas far from urban centers and power grids. This paper proposes a novel sustainability analysis of the groundwater pumping systems in Tenerife Island as an example of a medium-size isolated system, analyzing the… Mostrar más

Groundwater pumping systems using photovoltaic (PV) energy are increasingly being implemented around the world and, to a greater extent, in rural and electrically isolated areas. Over time, the cost of these systems has decreased, providing greater accessibility to freshwater in areas far from urban centers and power grids. This paper proposes a novel sustainability analysis of the groundwater pumping systems in Tenerife Island as an example of a medium-size isolated system, analyzing the current status and the business-as-usual projection to 2030, considering the water reservoirs available and the final use of water. The 2030 projection focused on the PV deployment, evaluation of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and the availability of the groundwater resource. HOMER software was used to analyze the LCOE, and ArcGIS software was used for the visual modeling of water resources. As a result, the average LCOE for a purely PV installation supplying electricity to a pumping system in Tenerife is 0.2430 €/kWh, but the location and characteristic of each pumping system directly affect the performance and costs, mostly due to the solar availability. Mostrar menos

In order to make the transition to new and more efficient sources of energy, Colombia's
National Development Plan 2018-2022 established a goal of generating 1,500 MW from nonconventional renewable energy sources. This research identifies the main characteristics of
the projects that leverage said energy transition according to the 2021 state reports, analyzing
different variables such as the distribution by type of energy, generation capacity, the
geographic location of the… Mostrar más

In order to make the transition to new and more efficient sources of energy, Colombia's
National Development Plan 2018-2022 established a goal of generating 1,500 MW from nonconventional renewable energy sources. This research identifies the main characteristics of
the projects that leverage said energy transition according to the 2021 state reports, analyzing
different variables such as the distribution by type of energy, generation capacity, the
geographic location of the projects, and the number of users, among others. Mostrar menos

This paper purpose the design and development of a testing bench to analyze the vibration spectrum of some static elements. In the paper, we are going to describe the application of dynamic vibration analysis into static tests analysis of elements as concrete, glass or wood, the design and methodology of the testing bench and the software development to help the point to point continuous analysis (CP2P) used to evaluate de frequencies in the vibration wave. Finally it is exposed the tests done… Mostrar más

This paper purpose the design and development of a testing bench to analyze the vibration spectrum of some static elements. In the paper, we are going to describe the application of dynamic vibration analysis into static tests analysis of elements as concrete, glass or wood, the design and methodology of the testing bench and the software development to help the point to point continuous analysis (CP2P) used to evaluate de frequencies in the vibration wave. Finally it is exposed the tests done with those elements, the results and the future research in topics as data size or time to processing. This paper open the vibration analysis research to others application fields different to rotary machinery, in this specific case to a new type of scanner for the products verification. Mostrar menos

On December 31, 2019, the Chinese authorities reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) the outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus that causes a serious disease in the city of Wuhan, China. This outbreak was classified as SARS-CoV2 and is the cause of the COVID-19 disease. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declares it a Pandemic and today it is considered the greatest challenge in global health that humanity has faced since World War II and it is estimated that between 40 and 60% of the… Mostrar más

On December 31, 2019, the Chinese authorities reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) the outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus that causes a serious disease in the city of Wuhan, China. This outbreak was classified as SARS-CoV2 and is the cause of the COVID-19 disease. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declares it a Pandemic and today it is considered the greatest challenge in global health that humanity has faced since World War II and it is estimated that between 40 and 60% of the population worldwide will catch the virus. This has caused enormous challenges in countries around the world in social, economic, environmental and obviously health issues. These challenges are mainly due to the effects of the established quarantines in almost all capitals and major cities around the world, from Asia, Europe to America. However, these lockdown which began worldwide from January 23, have had a significant impact on the environment and on the air quality of cities as recently reported by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and ESA (European Space Agency), with reductions according to them of up to 30% in some of the epicenters such as the case of Wuhan. Knowing that air pollution causes approximately 29% of lung cancer deaths, 43% of COPD deaths, and 25% of ischemic heart disease deaths, it is important to know the effects of quarantines in cities regarding air quality to take measures that favor populations and urban ecosystems when the emergency ends. Therefore, this paper describes the behavior of PM2.5 emissions particulate matter from the 50 most polluted capital cities in the world according to the WHO, measured before-after the start of the quarantine. Likewise, the impact at the local and global level of this emissions behavior, which averaged 12% of PM2.5 decrease in these cities. Mostrar menos

This article presents a detailed analysis of the energy potential in the department of La Guajira, Colombia. This analysis was obtained from the review and structuring of all the information available in the different private, governmental sources, studies and previous analyzes carried out by other researches. The document includes the energy and regulatory landscape of renewable energies in Colombia due to Law 1715 and the climatic implications. The department of La Guajira is described… Mostrar más

This article presents a detailed analysis of the energy potential in the department of La Guajira, Colombia. This analysis was obtained from the review and structuring of all the information available in the different private, governmental sources, studies and previous analyzes carried out by other researches. The document includes the energy and regulatory landscape of renewable energies in Colombia due to Law 1715 and the climatic implications. The department of La Guajira is described geographically, socially and culturally and an exhaustive mesh-like analysis of the department's solar and wind potential is carried out, based on statistical database and specialized software. It includes the status of significant wind and solar energy installations and the upcoming projects according to the Mining and Energy Planning Unit of Colombia. In addition, a comparison of the potential obtained with the energy demands of some countries of the Latin American Energy Organization. In addition, the effects of current and future Colombian demand are compared to 2050 and the possible influence of the Guajira as the main supplier of this demand. Finally, a simulation that will allow to dimension the dynamics for the development of projects that take advantage of the different types of energy source. Mostrar menos

In the present scenario of world (a growing world population & developing countries), the increasing consumption of electricity controls the progress of different forms of energy (renewable or nonrenewable energy) use around the world. Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources, and accounted for 81 % of total energy demand in 2017. However, there are some disadvantages associated with their use such as environmental pollution, emissions of greenhouse gasses, and they are depleting at a faster… Mostrar más

In the present scenario of world (a growing world population & developing countries), the increasing consumption of electricity controls the progress of different forms of energy (renewable or nonrenewable energy) use around the world. Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources, and accounted for 81 % of total energy demand in 2017. However, there are some disadvantages associated with their use such as environmental pollution, emissions of greenhouse gasses, and they are depleting at a faster rate. Therefore, researchers have to work hard in order to find an alternative (such as solar energy) way for fossil fuel to generate energy. A large number of investigations on the solar energy have been carried out by many researchers in order to improve the living conditions, to help reduce air pollution and to go green. The purpose of work is to explore the current status, challenges, recent efforts and future prospects of solar energy in different countries including Malaysia, Indonesia (Asia region), Nigeria (Africa region) and Colombia (South America).
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In this paper, an extension and an application to the green procurement model based on Coloured Petri Nets is presented. The large number of services and providers for services that can exist in a company means a problem when it comes to managing purchases and much more if the purchases. If the purchases have a benefit such as the sustainability of the companies processes that provide the service, the problem is even greater. This paper aims to develop an extension for this proposed model using… Mostrar más

In this paper, an extension and an application to the green procurement model based on Coloured Petri Nets is presented. The large number of services and providers for services that can exist in a company means a problem when it comes to managing purchases and much more if the purchases. If the purchases have a benefit such as the sustainability of the companies processes that provide the service, the problem is even greater. This paper aims to develop an extension for this proposed model using the petri nets tools thanks to its ease of modeling complex systems. Likewise, a new algorithm applied to the place of selection of suppliers and a methodical mathematical formalization was developed. Finally, two examples are implemented. The first example allows understanding and applying the model in a simple way. In the second example or study case, be proposed an application in a services company. This example describes the step by step of the evolution of the model and the results obtained by each stage. The application of the final example shows the qualitative advantages of the developed model and the need to apply some technique of quantitative analysis of easy integration to the model that will be defining in a future research. Mostrar menos

This paper propose the design, calculation and feasibility study of a reversible hydroelectric plant located in the island of Gran Canaria, with the support of a solar power plant to cover a part of the energy demand of the pumping of water from a lower reservoir to a higher one. This work is motivated in order that the island of Gran Canaria has the first hydroelectric power station in its history, and has energy storage to cover peak hours of demand between 18 and 22 hours. At the same time… Mostrar más

This paper propose the design, calculation and feasibility study of a reversible hydroelectric plant located in the island of Gran Canaria, with the support of a solar power plant to cover a part of the energy demand of the pumping of water from a lower reservoir to a higher one. This work is motivated in order that the island of Gran Canaria has the first hydroelectric power station in its history, and has energy storage to cover peak hours of demand between 18 and 22 hours. At the same time, it is intend to increase the installed capacity of renewable sources to the detriment of fossil fuels. Finally, this paper conclude with an economic study where a budget and its corresponding prefeasibility study are estimated, considering a construction period of 4 years and a useful life of the installation of 25 years. Mostrar menos

Along with the development of renewable energies in the world and the initiatives for alternative energy implementation in Colombia, it is important to make a national revision regarding the implementation and use of solar photovoltaic energy in Non-Interconnected Zones (ZNI for its abbreviation in Spanish) and the National Interconnected System (SIN for its abbreviation in Spanish). The objective of this article is to identify the development that it has had and its future panorama as far as… Mostrar más

Along with the development of renewable energies in the world and the initiatives for alternative energy implementation in Colombia, it is important to make a national revision regarding the implementation and use of solar photovoltaic energy in Non-Interconnected Zones (ZNI for its abbreviation in Spanish) and the National Interconnected System (SIN for its abbreviation in Spanish). The objective of this article is to identify the development that it has had and its future panorama as far as the solar photovoltaic energy is concerned. The study presents the projects that have been executed and the ones in execution during the last decade, and the capacity that has been installed up to the present day in both SIN and ZNI (Photovoltaic Inventory).

On the other hand, the document describes its social and political development at a national level, as well as legal aspects of the advantages and disadvantages of the recent Law 1715 signed in 2014. This law aims to promote the development and use of unconventional sources of energy, integrating them into the national energy system, allowing a promising future for these alternative technologies such as electricity generation from photovoltaic solar energy. Finally, the article shows the different opportunities in the ZNIs where the radiation potential reaches up to 6 kW h/m2 day and the projects do not exceed the 2.25 MW of installed capacity in Colombia, contrasted with the national average that is around 4.5 kW h/m2 day, surpassing the world average of 3.9 kW h/m2 day. Likewise, it allows seeing the opportunities that the new law offers for the development of generation projects in the SIN at a mega and gigascale, and of smaller projects that enable self-consumption and sales to the network, as well as distributed generation projects and hybrid power generation projects. Mostrar menos

The accelerated urbanization is a global problem and smart cities are at the center of the debate on sustainability and urban development around the world. Transforming current cities into smart cities is a great challenge, since it requires, among other things, transcendental changes in public administration and in the social conscience of citizens. We propose a scale solution in which we apply the concept of Smart city to a smart block. This article presents the conception of the Smart Block… Mostrar más

The accelerated urbanization is a global problem and smart cities are at the center of the debate on sustainability and urban development around the world. Transforming current cities into smart cities is a great challenge, since it requires, among other things, transcendental changes in public administration and in the social conscience of citizens. We propose a scale solution in which we apply the concept of Smart city to a smart block. This article presents the conception of the Smart Block EAN project and the development of its ten phases. Finally, we show the progress of the ten projects that make up the Smart Block EAN project and provide conclusions. Mostrar menos

The accelerated urbanization is a global problem and smart cities are at the center of the debate on sustainability and urban development around the world. Transforming current cities into smart cities is a great challenge, since it requires, among other things, transcendental changes in public administration and in the social conscience of citizens. We propose a scale solution in which we apply the concept of Smart city to a smart block. This article presents the conception of the Smart Block… Mostrar más

The accelerated urbanization is a global problem and smart cities are at the center of the debate on sustainability and urban development around the world. Transforming current cities into smart cities is a great challenge, since it requires, among other things, transcendental changes in public administration and in the social conscience of citizens. We propose a scale solution in which we apply the concept of Smart city to a smart block. This article presents the conception of the Smart Block EAN project and the development of its ten phases. Finally, we show the progress of the ten projects that make up the Smart Block EAN project and provide conclusions. Mostrar menos

Developed countries have implemented sustainable development policies specifically in Sustainable Consumption and Production. The green procurement process is often considered critical for the adequate performance of the supply chain because it manages and guarantees the acquisition of the products / services so that the company fulfills its missionary activities, generating economic benefits, mitigating the effects of its activities in the environment and society. This article, presents a… Mostrar más

Developed countries have implemented sustainable development policies specifically in Sustainable Consumption and Production. The green procurement process is often considered critical for the adequate performance of the supply chain because it manages and guarantees the acquisition of the products / services so that the company fulfills its missionary activities, generating economic benefits, mitigating the effects of its activities in the environment and society. This article, presents a model for the green procurement process, based on a tool for the modeling of complex discrete event systems called Coloured Petri Nets (CPN). Mostrar menos

Currently, developed countries have been implementing sustainable development policies specifically in Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP). Therefore, companies consider the products and services life cycle, where Green Procurement (GP) represents a key tool for sustainability in the Supply Chain (SC). Moreover, the future on green policies in countries like Colombia has a long way to go on issues such as energy production, consumption and processes within the supply chain. In the GP… Mostrar más

Currently, developed countries have been implementing sustainable development policies specifically in Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP). Therefore, companies consider the products and services life cycle, where Green Procurement (GP) represents a key tool for sustainability in the Supply Chain (SC). Moreover, the future on green policies in countries like Colombia has a long way to go on issues such as energy production, consumption and processes within the supply chain. In the GP area, there are three relevant issues in sustainable development policies in Colombia: 1) issues linked to barriers in the implementation such as tariffs, taxes, incentives and promotion; 2) motivation and drivers for the implementation for both public and private sector and 3) performance impacts related to the models used in order to implement in companies. The latter one is the main interest of this paper. Regarding this work, it identifies the mathematical models most widely used in SC processes, especially the issues associated with purchase processes, selection and hiring of suppliers in large and medium-sized enterprises; public or private. Moreover, the paper analyzes the models regarding their advantages and disadvantages on which some of these can be used in GP processes due its high impact. Finally, a possible mathematical model used in GP processes based on petri nets (PN) for to their characteristics and application in complex systems. Mostrar menos

This paper presents the Latent Nestling Method (LNM) formalization in hybrid systems. For the proposed LNM, it is necessary to include places of continuous or differential character, allowing the analysis of continuous dynamical variable. This paper is a continuation of our previous papers , . Here, the LNM is exploited to analyze the extension to hybrid systems. One of the contributions of this work is a practical application of the LNM in hybrid systems. The case study is the Lubrication and… Mostrar más

This paper presents the Latent Nestling Method (LNM) formalization in hybrid systems. For the proposed LNM, it is necessary to include places of continuous or differential character, allowing the analysis of continuous dynamical variable. This paper is a continuation of our previous papers , . Here, the LNM is exploited to analyze the extension to hybrid systems. One of the contributions of this work is a practical application of the LNM in hybrid systems. The case study is the Lubrication and Cooling system of a Wind Turbine Gearbox. The model of the system is built using colored Petri nets formalism and the classic techniques of continuous and hybrid Petri nets. Simulation results are presented to validate some key concepts of the formalization in hybrid systems. Mostrar menos

Diagnosis of intermittent failures is relevant for productive processes which sustain a high level of maintenance caused by failures. Systems including electrical contacts suffer a considerable amount of intermittent failures which are usually not diagnosed. A characterization of the failure dynamics may save unnecessary repairs, and enable a better planning component substitution. This paper presents a new concept in failure diagnosis, the modeling of intermittent failure dynamics. It develops… Mostrar más

Diagnosis of intermittent failures is relevant for productive processes which sustain a high level of maintenance caused by failures. Systems including electrical contacts suffer a considerable amount of intermittent failures which are usually not diagnosed. A characterization of the failure dynamics may save unnecessary repairs, and enable a better planning component substitution. This paper presents a new concept in failure diagnosis, the modeling of intermittent failure dynamics. It develops two methodologies for modeling intermittent failure dynamics, and generating information for maintenance scheduling. Mostrar menos

This paper describes the formalization and use of Latent Nesting Method (LNM) using Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs) for fault diagnosis and recovery in hybrid and complex systems. The method presented here will expand the initial proposed using Hybrid Petri Nets (HPNs) for adding the continuous dynamic. This method is illustrated with a comprehensive example of a lubrication and cooling system in the wind turbine's gearbox. It is analyzed step by step and results are shown and interpreted.

This paper presents a new methodology for permanent and intermittent fault diagnosis, named Faults Latent Nestling Method (FLNM), using Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs). CPNs and FLNM method allow for an enhanced capability for synthesis and modelling of complex systems in contrast to the classical phenomena of combinational state explosion when using Finite State Machine based methods.

This paper presents an application example using the Lating Nestling Method for the Fault Diagnosis based in the use of Coloured Petri Nets [7], to a lubrication and cooling system in the wind turbine’s gearbox with a critical subsystem as far as failure probability. It demonstrate the synthesis capacity of the method for any model of diagnosis and isolation, giving as opposed to know the contributed advantages other methodologies, as those based in finite state machine.

This paper presents a new methodology for permanent and intermittent fault diagnosis, named Faults Latent Nestling Method (FLNM), using Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs). CPNs and FLNM method allow for an enhanced capability for synthesis and modelling in contrast to the classical phenomena of combinational state explosion when using Finite State Machine based methods.