Chapter 11.en - Es
Chapter 11.en - Es
13-1B
11-96. GENERAL. Alambres y cables e. Clamp retaining screws are properly secured so that
deben ser inspeccionados para verificar su adecuación de apoyo, la the movement of wires and ca- bles is restricted to the
protección y el estado general en todas partes. Las características span between the points of support and not on soldered or
deseables y no deseables en instalaciones de cableado embarcaciones mechanical connections at terminal posts or connectors.
con aire se enumeran a continuación e indican condiciones que pueden
o no pueden existir. En consecuencia, el cableado de la aeronave debe
ser inspeccionado visualmente para los siguientes requisitos: f. Wire and cables are properly supported and bound so
that there is no interference with other wires, cables, and
equipment.
PRECAUCIÓN: Para su seguridad personal y para
evitar la posibilidad de incendio, apague toda la g. Wires and cables are adequately sup- ported to
energía eléctrica antes de iniciar una inspección del prevent excessive movement in areas of high vibration.
sistema eléctrico de la aeronave o realizar el
mantenimiento.
h. Insulating tubing is secured by tying, tie straps
a. Alambres y cables are supported by suitable or with clamps.
clamps, grommets, or other devices at intervals of not
more than 24 inches, except when contained in troughs, i. Continuous lacing ( spaced 6 inches apart) is not
ducts, or conduits. The supporting devices should be of a used, except in panels and junc- tion boxes where this
suitable size and type, with the wires and cables held practice is optional. When lacing is installed in this
securely in place without damage to the insu- lation. manner, out- side junction boxes should be removed and
re- placed with individual loops.
b. Metal stand-offs must be used to maintain j. Do not use tapes ( such as friction or plastic tape)
clearance between wires and struc- ture. Employing which will dry out in service, pro- duce chemical reactions
tape or tubing is not accept- able as an alternative to with wire or cable in- sulation, or absorb moisture.
stand-offs for main- taining clearance.
n. Ensure cable supports do not restrict the wires or combustible, u oxígeno línea, de la pared del depósito de combustible,
cables in such a manner as to in- terfere with operation o de otro cableado de baja tensión que entra en un depósito de
of equipment shock mounts. combustible y requiere el aislamiento eléctrico para evitar un peligro
ción igni-. Cuando no puede prácticamente ser proporcionado 6
espaciamiento pulgadas, un mínimo de 2 pulgadas debe mantenerse
o. Do not use tape, tie straps, or cord for primary entre el cableado y tales líneas, equipo relacionado, las paredes del
p. Make sure that drain holes are pres- ent in drip sujeta y con soporte rígido y atado a intervalos de tal manera que no
loops or in the lowest portion of tubing placed over the ocurriría de contacto betwe4en tales líneas, sobre Equipos
t. Ensure that wires and cables are lo- cated so as not z. cables separados de equipos de alta temperatura, tales como
to be susceptible to damage by the storage or shifting of resistencias, pilas de escape, los conductos de calefacción, etc., para
u. Ensure that wires and cables are routed so that áreas calientes con un material de aislamiento de alta temperatura,
there is not a possibility of dam- age from battery tales como fibra de vidrio o PTFE. Evitar las zonas de alta
electrolytes or other corrosive fluids. temperatura cuando se utilizan cables que tienen aislamiento de
plástico blando tal como ileno polyeth-, debido a que estos
materiales están sujetos a deterioro y deformación a tem- peraturas
v. Ensure that wires and cables are ade- quately elevadas. Muchos cables coaxiales tienen este tipo de aislamiento.
jacketing may be installed). This type of installation must de cables o haces no debe ser inferior a 10 veces el diámetro exterior
be held to a minimum. del alambre o de cable más grande, a excepción de que en las
regletas de terminales donde los cables estallan en las terminaciones
dirección verso en un paquete. Cuando el alambre se (4) Permitir el cambio de equipo, según sea necesario, para
apoya adecuadamente, el radio puede ser de 3 veces el llevar a cabo la alineación, mantenimiento, puesta a punto, la
diámetro del alambre o cable. Cuando no sea práctico eliminación de las tapas de polvo, y el cambio de los componentes
instalar el cableado o los cables dentro de los requisitos internos mientras está instalado en aire oficio.
de radio, la curva debe ser encerrado en tubos aislantes.
El radio de cable del termopar debe hacerse en ajustan
ción recomendación del fabricante y deberá ser suficiente ff. Asegúrese de que los cables no utilizados son
para evitar pérdidas excesivas o daños en el cable. individualmente-muerto composición, atado en un haz, y asegurada a
una estructura permanente. Cada alambre debería haber hebras
cortar incluso con el aisla- miento y un conector de extremo cerrado
pre-aislado o una pieza de 1 pulgada de tubo colocado sobre el
cama y desayuno. Asegurarse de que los cables de RF, por ejemplo,alambre
coaxial con su extremo doblado hacia atrás y atado aislante.
y triaxial están dobladas en un radio de no menos de 6 veces
el diámetro exterior del cable.
gg. Asegúrese de que todos los cables se identifican
cc. Asegúrese de que los alambres y cables, que están adecuadamente a intervalos de no más de 15 pulgadas. Los cables
unidos a los conjuntos cuando se produce un movimiento relativo coaxiales se identifican en ambos extremos del equipo.
(como en las bisagras y piezas Tating ro-; en particular las
puertas, palancas de control, ruedas de control, columnas, y
superficies de control de vuelo), se instalan o protegidas de una 11-97. SUSTITUCIÓN DE CABLEADO. ING Wir- debe ser
manera tal como para evitar el deterioro de los alambres y cables reemplazado con el alambre equivalente (ver párrafo 11-78) cuando
causadas por el movimiento relativo de las piezas montadas. se encuentran a tener cualquiera de los siguientes defectos:
mi. Compruebe el cableado que muestra evidencia de específico para el modo de degradación del Reglamento de insu-. Si
sobrecalentamiento (aunque sólo sea en un grado menor) para la las muestras fallan cualquiera de los ensayos de integridad eléctricos
causa del sobrecalentamiento. o químicos, entonces el cableado en el área que rodea el área de
muestreo es un candidato para la sustitución.
F. Alambrado en el que el aislamiento tiene BE- llegado
saturado con aceite de motor, fluido hidráulico, u otro lubricante.
11-98. TERMINALES Y bloques de terminales. Inspeccionar
para asegurar que se cumplen los requisitos de instalación
gramo. Alambrado ése da evidencias de haber sido si- guiente:
aplastado o muy retorcido.
a. tubos aislantes se coloca sobre termina- Nals
h. cableado blindado en el que el blindaje metálico está (excepto tipos preaislados) para proporcionar protección
deshilachado y / o corroído. Los agentes de limpieza o conservantes eléctrica y soporte mecánico y está asegurado para evitar el
no deben ser utilizados para reducir al mínimo los efectos de la deslizamiento de la tubería de la terminal.
corrosión o deterioro de los escudos de alambre.
yo. Alambrado que muestra evidencia de roturas, grietas, suciedad forma segura y provisto de distancias eléctricas adecuadas o
o humedad en las fundas de plástico colocados sobre empalmes de tiras de aislamiento entre
cables o terminales de cable. hardware de montaje y las partes conductoras, CEPT ex cuando se
utiliza el bloque de terminales para los propósitos de puesta a tierra.
que tiene problemas de cableado con conocimientos avanzados en el terminales aislados adecuados.
yo. terminaciones debe hacerse utilizando terminales del tamaño de modo que el apriete de la tapa del adaptador abrazadera de cable
adecuado y las herramientas que prensan terminales apropiados. proporciona un agarre suficiente en los cables para mantener la
tensión de ser aplicada a los pasadores Nector con-.
mi. Controlar por fusibles expuestos susceptibles a mi. Asegúrese de que los conectores están totalmente acoplada
reparaciones se efectúan según se requiera. MS está safetied, por hilo o por otros medios me- chanical de bloqueo,
como es requerido por los manuales de instrucción de aeronaves cable
muy favorable.
ser corregido), y los exteriores de la corrosión y grietas. También, los se utiliza como “relleno” para las abrazaderas MS3057 o adaptadores.
excepto los que son a prueba de humedad. conducir a conexiones incorrectas. Cuando este tipo de instalaciones
son inevitables, el documento adjunto
el cableado debe ser claramente identificada y debe ser enrutado y Metálica flexible y no metálicos rígidos. Inspección de
se sujeta de manera que no puede ser igualada mis-. conducto ensamblajes de la articulación debe cerciorarse
de que:
11-101. Cajas de conexiones, paneles, pantallas, y el do. Conductos no será fluidos trampa o con- humedad
microinterruptor HOUS- Ings. Examinar conjuntos de condensada. orificios de drenaje adecuados deben ser proporcionados
alojamiento a ascer- tain lo siguiente: en los puntos bajos.
c. All associated electrically operated equipment and the equipment manufacturer should design for
systems en el avión debe estar encendido y funcionamiento antes all installation environ- ments. The installing
de realizar las pruebas de interferencia, a menos que se especifique facility will be responsible for resolving any
lo contrario. incom- patibility between this equipment and
previously installed equipment in the airplane.
re. Los efectos en la interferencia debe ser evaluado como The various factors con- tributing to the
sigue: incompatibility should be considered.
11-116. GROUP AND BUNDLE TIES. A wire bundle ensure all edges are rounded to protect the wire insulation.
consists of a quantity of wires fastened or secured
together and all traveling in the same direction. Wire
bundles may con- sist of two or more groups of wires. It 11-117. MINIMUM WIRE BEND RADII.
is often advantageous to have a number of wire groups The minimum radii for bends in wire groups or bundles
individually tied within the wire bundle for ease of must not be less than 10 times the out- side diameter of
identification at a later date. (See fig- ure 11-7.) Comb their largest wire. They may be bent at six times their
the wire groups and bundles so that the wires will lie outside diameters at breakouts or six times the diameter
parallel to each other and minimize the possibility of where they must reverse direction in a bundle, provided
insulation abrasion. A combing tool, similar to that that they are suitably supported.
shown in figure 11-8, may be made from any suitable
insulating material, taking care to
a. RF cables should not bend on a radius of less than
six times the outside diameter of the cable.
c. Permit shifting of equipment for main- tenance a. Never kink coaxial cable.
purposes.
b. Never drop anything on coaxial cable.
11-118A. DRIP LOOP IN WIRE BUNDLE.
A drip loop is an area where wire is dressed c. Never step on coaxial cable.
downward to a connector, terminal block, panel, or
junction bo. In additional to the d. Never bend coaxial cable sharply.
service termination and strain relief, a trap or drip loop
shall be provided in the wiring to prevent fluid or e. Never loop cable coaxial más apretado que el radio de
condensate from running into the above devices. (see curvatura permisible.
Figure 11-9b) Wires or groups of wires should enter a
junction box or piece of equipment in an upward direction F. Nunca tire en cable coaxial, excepto en una línea recta.
where practicable. Where wires must be routed
downwards to a junction box or unit of electric
equipment, the entry should be sealed or adequate slack gramo. Nunca usar cable coaxial para un mango, se apoyan en
should be provided to form a trap or drip loop to ella, o colgar cosas en él (o cualquier otro cable).
prevent liquid from running down the wires in the box
or electric unit.
11-122. Protección contra la humedad, pozos del sunlight when aircraft are parked for extended periods
tren y tren de aterrizaje áreas. should also be taken into account. Wires such as in fire
detection, fire extin- guishing, fuel shutoff, and
fly-by-wire flight control systems that must operate
a. Cables situados en el tren de aterrizaje y en el área de cavidad during and after a fire, must be selected from types that
de la rueda puede ser expuesto a muchas condiciones peligrosas si no are qualified to provide circuit integrity after exposure to
se protege adecuadamente. Donde haces de cables pasan puntos de fire for a specified period. Wire insulation deteriorates
flexión, no debe haber ninguna presión sobre los archivos adjuntos o rapidly when subjected to high temperatures. Do not
ex holgura cesiva cuando las piezas están completamente extendida o use wire with soft polyethylene insulation in areas
retraída. El cableado y tubos de protección deben ser inspeccionados subject to high temperatures. Use only wires or cables
con frecuencia y se sustituyen en la primera señal de desgaste. with heat resistance shielding or insulation.
segundo. Los cables deben ser encaminados so that 11-125. MOVABLE CONTROLS WIR- ING
fluids drain away from the connectors. When this is not PRECAUTIONS. Clamping of wires routed near
practicable, connectors must be potted. Wiring which must movable flight controls must be attached with steel
be routed in wheel wells or other external areas must be hardware and must be spaced so that failure of a single
given extra pro- tection in the form of harness jacketing attachment point can not result in interference with con-
and connector strain relief. Conduits or flexible sleeving trols. The minimum separation between wir- ing and
used to protect wiring must be equipped with drain holes to movable controls must be at least 1/2 inch when the
prevent entrap- ment of moisture. bundle is displaced by light hand pressure in the
direction of the controls.
11-123. PROTECTION AGAINST PER- SONNEL AND 11-126. FLAMMABLE FLUIDS AND GASES. An arcing
CARGO. Wiring must be in- stalled so the structure fault between an electrical wire and a metallic
affords protection against its use as a handhold and flammable fluid line may puncture the line and result in
damage from cargo. Where the structure does not afford a fire. Every ef- fort must be made to avoid this hazard
adequate protection, conduit must be used, or a suitable by physical separation of the wire from lines and
mechanical guard must be provided. equipment containing oxygen, oil, fuel, hy- draulic fluid,
or alcohol. Wiring must be routed above these lines
and equipment with a minimum separation of 6 inches
11-124. HEAT PRECAUTIONS. Wiring must be routed or more whenever possible. When such an arrange-
away from high-temperature equipment and lines to ment is not practicable, wiring must be routed so that it
prevent deterioration of insulation. Wires must be rated does not run parallel to the fluid lines. A minimum of 2
(reference paragraph 11-66 and 11-67) so that the con- inches must be main- tained between wiring and such
ductor temperature remains within the wire specification lines and equipment, except when the wiring is posi-
maximum when the ambient temperature, and heat rise, tively clamped to maintain at least 1/2-inch separation,
related to current carrying capacity are taken into or when it must be connected
account. The residual heating effects caused by
exposure to
11-135. GENERAL. The primary function of a service heat-shrinkable boot, or a length of heat- shrinkable
loop harness is to provide ease of maintenance. The tubing should be installed. The heat-shrinkable boots
components, mounted in the instrument panel and on the will provide preselected angles of wire harness
lower console and other equipment that must be moved termination when heat is applied. Heat-shrinkable
to access electrical connectors, are connected to aircraft tubing should be held at the desired angle until cool.
wiring through service loops. Chafing in service loop
harnesses is controlled using the following techniques.
11-139. “SERVICE LOOP.” Primary sup- port for service
loop harness(es) should be a cushion clamp and a
connector at the harness termination. Service loop
11-136. SUPPORT. Only string ties or plastic cable harnesses should be inspected for the following:
straps in accordance with para- graph 11-158 should be
used on service loop harnesses. A 90 ° or “Y” type spot
tie should be installed at the harness breakout point on a. Adequate Length. Components
the harness bundle. Ties should be installed on service should extend out from their mounting posi- tion a
loop harnesses at 4 to 6-inch inter- vals. distance that permits rotating and un- locking (or
locking) the electrical connector. Usually a distance of 3
to 6 inches, with all other components installed, should
be suffi- cient.
11-137. ANTI-CHAFING MATERIAL.
When service loops are likely to be in contact with each
other, expandable sleeving or equivalent chafe b. Bundle BreakOut Point.
protection jacket material must be installed over service
loop harnesses to prevent harness-to-harness chafing. (1) Bundle breakout point should be adequately
The sleeve should be held in place with string ties at 6 supported with string tie.
to 8-inch intervals. Harness identification labels should
be installed, with string tie, within 3 inches of the service (2) Service loop must maintain a mini- mum bend
loop harness in- stallation. radius of 3 times the harness di- ameter.
11-146. GENERAL. Wires and wire bun- dles must be b. Clamps lined with nonmetallic mate- rial should be
supported by using clamps meet- ing Specification used to support the wire bundle along the run. Tying may
MS-21919, or plastic cable straps in accessible areas if be used between clamps, but should not be considered as
correctly applied within the restrictions of paragraph a sub- stitute for adequate clamping. Adhesive tapes are
11-158. Clamps and other primary support devices must subject to age deterioration and, therefore, are not
be constructed of materials that are com- patible with acceptable as a clamping means.
their installation and environment, in terms of
temperature, fluid resistance, expo- sure to ultraviolet
(UV) light, and wire bundle mechanical loads. They c. The back of the clamp, whenever practical, should
should be spaced at intervals not exceeding 24 inches. be rested against a structural member. Stand-offs should
Clamps on wire bundles should be selected so that they be used to main- tain clearance between the wires and
have a snug fit without pinching wires, as shown in figure the structure. Clamps must be installed in such a
11-11 through figure 11-13. manner that the electrical wires do not come in contact
with other parts of the aircraft when subjected to
vibration. Sufficient slack should be left between the last
clamp and the electri- cal equipment to prevent strain at
CAUTION: The use of metal clamps on coaxial the terminal and to minimize adverse effects on shock-
RF cables may cause prob- lems if clamp fit is mounted equipment. Where wires or wire bundles pass
such that RF ca- ble’s original cross-section is through bulkheads or other structural members, a
distorted. grommet or suitable clamp should be provided to
prevent abrasion.
a. Clamps on wire bundles should not allow the
bundle to move through the clamp when a slight axial
pull is applied. Clamps on RF cables must fit without
crushing and must be snug enough to prevent the cable d. When wire bundle is clamped into position, if there
from moving freely through the clamp, but may al- low is less than 3/8-inch clearance between the bulkhead
the cable to slide through the clamp when a light axial cutout and the wire bun- dle, a suitable grommet should
pull is applied. The cable or wire bundle may be be installed as indicated in figure 11-14. The grommet
wrapped with one or more turns of electrical tape when may be cut at a 45 degree angle to facilitate instal- lation,
required to achieve this fit. Plastic clamps or cable ties provided it is cemented in place and the slot is located at
must not be used where their failure could result in inter- the top of the cutout.
ference with movable controls, wire bundle contact with
movable equipment, or chafing damage to essential or
unprotected wiring. They must not be used on vertical 11-147. WIRE AND CABLE CLAMPS INSPECTION.
runs where inadvertent slack migration could result in Inspect wire and cable
chafing or other damage. Clamps must be in- stalled clamps for proper tightness. Where cables pass
with their attachment hardware posi- tioned above them, through structure or bulkheads, inspect for proper
wherever practicable, so that they are unlikely to rotate clamping and grommets. Inspect
as the result of wire bundle weight or wire bundle for sufficient slack between the last clamp and the
chafing. (See figure 11-11.). electronic equipment to prevent strain at the cable
terminals and to minimize adverse effects on
shock-mounted equipment.
a. Abrasion resistance. b. When using special wire stripping tools, adjust the
tool to avoid nicking, cutting, or otherwise damaging the
b. Arc resistance ( noncarbon tracking). strands.
f. Flame resistance.
11-158. LACING AND TIES. Ties, lacing, and straps are
g. Heat distortion temperature. used to secure wire groups or bundles to provide ease
of maintenance, in- spection, and installation. Braided
h. Impact strength. lacing tape per MIL-T-43435 is suitable for lacing and
tying wires.
i. Mechanical strength. In lieu of applying ties, straps
meeting Specification MS17821 or MS17822 may be
j. Resistance to fluids. used in areas where the temperature does not exceed
120 C. Straps may not be used in areas of SWAMP such
k. Resistance to notch propagation. as wheel wells, near wing flaps or wing folds. They may
not be used in high vibration areas, where failure
l. Smoke emission.
Wire Size Conductor material Number of strands per Total allowable nicked and
conductor broken strands
of the strap would permit wiring to move against parts 12 inches apart. A tie consists of a clove hitch, around the
which could damage the insula- tion and foul wire group or bundle, secured by a square knot as shown
mechanical linkages or other moving mechanical parts. in figure 11-17.
They also may not be used where they could be
exposed to UV light, unless the straps are resistant to c. Plastic Ties. Refer to Para-
such ex- posure. graph 11-220 and table 11-21.
11-167. GENERAL. Splicing is permitted on wiring as c. There should not be more than one splice in any
long as it does not affect the reli- ability and the one wire segment between any two connectors or other
electromechanical characteris- tics of the wiring. Splicing disconnect points, ex- cept; when attaching to the spare
of power wires, coaxial cables, multiplex bus, and large pigtail lead of a potted connector, to splice multiple wires
gauge wire must have approved data. to a single wire, to adjust wire size to fit connec- tor
contact crimp barrel size, and to make an approved
repair.
a. Splicing of electrical wire should be kept to a (Reference MIL-W-5088,
minimum and avoided entirely in locations subject now AS50881A, and NAVAIR 01-1A-505.)
to extreme vibrations.
Splicing of individual wires in a group or bun- dle should d. Splices in bundles must be staggered so as to
have engineering approval and the splice(s) should be minimize any increase in the size of the bundle,
located to allow periodic inspection. preventing the bundle from fitting into its designated
space, or cause congestion that will adversely affect
maintenance. (See
b. Many types of aircraft splice connec- tors are figure 11-18.)
available for use when splicing indi- vidual wires. Use of
a self-insulated splice connector is preferred; however, a e. Splices should not be used within 12 inches of a
noninsu- lated splice connector may be used provided termination device, except for paragraph f below.
the splice is covered with plastic sleeving that is secured
at both ends.
Environmentally f. Splices may be used within 12 inches of a
sealed splices, that conform to MIL-T-7928, provide a termination device when attaching to the pigtail spare
reliable means of splicing in SWAMP areas. lead of a potted termination de- vice, or to splice multiple
However, a noninsulated wires to a single wire, or to adjust the wire sizes so that
splice connector may be used, provided the splice is they are compatible with the contact crimp barrel sizes.
covered with dual wall shrink sleeving of a suitable
material.
g. Selection of proper crimping tool, re- fer to
paragraph 11-178.
11-205. GENERAL. The proper identifica- tion of electrical 11-208. PLACEMENT OF IDENTIFI- CATION
wires and cables with their circuits and voltages is MARKINGS. Identification
necessary to provide safety of operation, safety to markings should be placed at each end of the wire and
maintenance per- sonnel, and ease of maintenance. at 15-inch maximum intervals along the length of the
wire. Wires less than 3 inches long need not be
identified. Wires 3 to 7 inches in length should be
a. Each wire and cable should be marked with a part
identified ap- proximately at the center. Added
number. It is common practice for wire manufacturers to
identification marker sleeves should be so located that
follow the wire material part number with the five
ties, clamps, or supporting devices need not be re-
digit/letter C.A.G.E. code identifying the wire
moved in order to read the identification. The wire
manufacturer. Ex- isting installed wire that needs
identification code must be printed to read horizontally
replacement can thereby be identified as to its
performance ca- pabilities, and the inadvertent use of a (from left to right) or verti- cally (from top to bottom). The
lower performance and unsuitable replacement wire two methods of marking wire or cable are as follows:
avoided.
b. The method of identification should not impair the a. Direct marking is accomplished by printing the
characteristics of the wiring. cable’s outer covering. (See fig- ure 11-23.)
the color should contrast with the wire insula- tion or sleeve.
3” 15” 15” 3”
contour of the wire, are heated to the desired temperature. pending on equipment configuration, dot ma- trix can
Wire is pulled through a channel directly underneath the mark wire from 0.037 to 0.5-inch out- side diameter.
characters. The heat of the type set characters transfers Multi-conductor cable can also be marked.
the ink from the marking foil onto the wire.
specify which color is associated with each wire 11-216. OPERATING CONDITIONS. For sleeving
identification code. Identification sleeves are normally exposed to high temperatures (over 400 ° F), materials
used for identifying the following types of wire or cable: such as silicone fiberglass should be used.
AN AL No. Nominal ID
c. Coaxial cable should not be hot stamped directly. (inches)
When marking coaxial ca- ble, care should be taken not # 24 12 . 085
to deform the ca- ble as this may change the electrical # 22 11 . 095
a. Wires for which identifications are reassigned F IGURE 11-26. Standard sleeves (135 ºC).
0.50-up 46 33 0.025
0.50-up 0.025
Cable Diameter Tie-down Strap Strap Identification * Installation Tool Tension Setting
(inches) MS3367-
Min Max
1/16 5/8 4-9 Miniature (MIN) MS90387-1 2466
1/16 1¼ 5-9 Intermediate (INT) MS90387-1
1/16 4 2-9 Standard (STD) MS90387-1
3/16 8 6-9 Heavy (HVY) MS90387-2
* The specified tool tension settings are for typical cable application. Settings less than or greater than those specified may be required for special applications.
11-230. GENERAL. There is a multitude of types of intentional grounding. Connectors that are
connectors. Crimped contacts are generally used. susceptible to corrosion difficulties may be treated
Some of the more common are the round cannon type, with a chemically inert waterproof jelly.
the rectangular, and the module blocks. Environmental-
resistant connectors should be used in appli- cations
subject to fluids, vibration, thermal, mechanical shock, 11-232. TYPES OF CONNECTORS.
and/or corrosive elements. When HIRF/Lightning Connectors must be identified by an original
protection is required, special attention should be given identification number derived from MIL Specification
to the termi- nations of individual or overall shields. (MS) or OAM specification. Figure 11-35 provides
The number and complexity of wiring systems have some examples of MS connector types. Several
resulted in an increased use of electrical connectors. different types are shown in figures 11-36 and 11-37.
The proper choice and applica- tion of connectors is a
significant part of the aircraft wiring system.
Connectors must be kept to a minimum, selected, and a. Environmental Classes. Environ-
installed to provide the maximum degree of safety and ment-resistant connectors are used in applica- tions
reliability to the aircraft. For the installation of any where they will probably be subjected to fluids,
particular connector assembly, the specification of the vibration, thermal, mechanical shock, corrosive
manufacturer or the ap- propriate governing agency elements, etc. Firewall class con- nectors incorporating
must be followed. these same features should, in addition, be able to
prevent the penetration of the fire through the aircraft
firewall connector opening and continue to function
without failure for a specified period of time when
exposed to fire. Hermetic con- nectors provide a
11-231. SELECTION. . Connectors pressure seal for maintain- ing pressurized areas.
should be selected to provide the maximum degree of When EMI/RFI pro- tection is required, special attention
safety and reliability considering electrical and should be given to the termination of individual and
environmental requirements. Consider the size, weight, overall shields. Backshell adapters designed for shield
tooling, logistic, maintenance support, and compatibility termination, connectors with con- ductive finishes, and
with standardization programs. For ease of assem- bly EMI grounding fingers are available for this purpose.
and maintenance, connectors using crimped contacts
are generally chosen for all applications except those
requiring an her- metic seal. (Reference SAE ARP
1308, Pre- ferred Electrical Connectors For Aerospace
Vehicles and Associated Equipment.) A re- placement b. Rectangular Connectors. The rec- tangular
connector of the same basic type and design as the connectors are typically used in ap- plications where a
connector it replaces should be used. With a crimp type very large number of cir- cuits are accommodated in a
connector for any electrical connection, the proper single mated pair. They are available with a great
insertion, or extraction tool must be used to install or re- variety of contacts, which can include a mix of stan-
move wires from such a connector. Refer to dard, coaxial, and large power types. Cou- pling is
manufacturer or aircraft instruction manual. After the accomplished by various means. Smaller types are
connector is disconnected, inspect it for loose soldered secured with screws which hold their flanges together.
connections to prevent un- Larger ones have integral guide pins that ensure correct
align- ment, or jackscrews that both align and lock
MS27472 WALL MOUNT RECEPTACLE MS27473 MS27484 STRAIGHT PLUG, EMI GROUNDING MS27497 WALL
STRAIGHT PLUG MS27474 JAM NUT RECEPTACLE, BACK PANEL MOUNTING MS27499 BOX MOUNTING
RECEPTACLE RECEPTACLE MS27500 90 ° PLUG (NOTE 1) MS27503 HERMETIC
MS27475 HERMITIC WALL MOUNT RECEPTACLE MS27476 SOLDER MOUNT RECEPTACLE
HERMETIC BOX MOUNT RECEPTACLE MS27477 HERMETIC JAM
NUT RECEPTACLE MS27478 HERMETIC SOLDER MOUNT (NOTE 1)
RECEPTACLE MS27479 WALL MOUNT RECEPTACLE (NOTE 1) MS27504 BOX MOUNT RECEPTACLE (NOTE 1) MS27508 BOX
MS27480 STRAIGHT PLUG (NOTE 1) MS27481 JAM NUT MOUNT RECEPTACLE, BACK PANEL
RECEPTACLE (NOTE 1) MOUNTING
MS27513 BOX MOUNT RECEPTACLE, LONG GROMMET MS27664
MS27482 HERMETIC WALL MOUNT RECEPTACLE (NOTE 1) MS27483 WALL MOUNT RECEPTACLE, BACK PANEL
HERMETIC JAM NUT RECEPTACLE (NOTE 1) MOUNTING (NOTE 1) MS27667
THRU-BULKHEAD RECEPTACLE
POLARIZATION
A, B NORMAL-NO LETTER REQUIRED
FINISH
C, OR D
A SILVER TO LIGHT IRIDESCENT YELLOW COLOR CADMIUM
PLATE OVER NICKEL (CONDUCTIVE), -
MS CONNECTOR
N Series Connectors
C Series Connectors
SC Series Connectors
When used as grounding modules, they save and reduce 11-233. VOLTAGE AND CURRENT RATING. Selected
hardware installation on the air- craft. Standardized connectors must be rated for continuous operation
modules are available with wire end grommet seals for under the maximum combination of ambient
environmental ap- plications and are track-mounted. temperature and cir- cuit current load. Hermetic
Function module blocks are used to provide an easily connectors and connectors used in circuit applications
wired package involv- ing high-inrush currents should be derated. It is
for environment-resistant good engineering practice to conduct pre- liminary
mounting of small resistors, diodes, filters, and testing in any situation where the connector is to operate
suppression networks. In-line terminal junc- with most or all of its contacts at maximum rated current
tions are sometimes used in lieu of a connector when load. When wiring is operating with a high conductor
only a few wires are terminated and when the ability to tem- perature near its rated temperature, connector
disconnect the wires is de- sired. The in-line terminal contact sizes should be suitably rated for the circuit
junction is envi- ronment-resistant. load. This may require an increase in wire size also.
The terminal junction Voltage derating is required when connectors are used
splice is small and may be tied to the surface of a wire at high altitude in
bundle when approved by the OAM.
nonpressurized areas. Derating of the con- nectors c. Sealing. Connectors must be of a type that exclude
should be covered in the specifications. moisture entry through the use of peripheral and
interfacial seal that are com- pressed when the
11-234. SPARE CONTACTS (Future connector is mated. Mois- ture entry through the rear of
Wiring). To accommodate future wiring ad- ditions, the connector must be avoided by correctly matching
spare contacts are normally provided. Locating the the wire’s outside diameter with the connector’s rear
unwired contacts along the outer part of the connector grommet sealing range.
facilitates future access. A good practice is to provide: It is recom-
Two spares on connectors with 25 or less contacts; 4 mended that no more than one wire be termi- nated in
spares on connectors with 26 to 100 contacts; and 6 any crimp style contact. The use of heat-shrinkable
spares on connectors with more than 100 contacts. tubing to build up the wire di- ameter, or the application of
Spare contacts are not normally provided on receptacles potting to the wire entry area as additional means of
of components that are unlikely to have added wiring. providing a rear compatibility with the rear grommet is
Connectors must have all available contact cavities filled recommended. These extra means have inher- ent
with wired or unwired contacts. Unwired contacts penalties and should be considered only where other
should be provided with a plastic grommet sealing plug. means cannot be used. Unwired spare contacts should
have a correctly sized plastic plug installed. (See section
19.)
separate strain relief accessory. Strain relief clamps compound. Preparation and storage of potting
should not impart tension on wires between the clamp materials should receive special attention. Careful
and contact. inspection and handling during all stages of the
connector fabrication until the potting compound has
f. Slack. Sufficient wire length must be provided at fully cured is recom- mended. Potting compounds
connectors to ensure a proper drip loop and that there is selected must not revert to liquid or become gummy or
no strain on termination after a complete replacement of sticky due to high humidity or contact with chemical
the connector and its contacts. fluids.
g. Identification. Each connector should have a a. Potting compounds meeting Specifi- cation
reference identification that is legible throughout the MIL-S-8516 are prepared in ready-to- use tube-type
expected life of the aircraft. dispensers and in the unmixed state, consisting of the
base compound and an accelerator packed in paired
11-236. FEED-THROUGH BULKHEAD WIRE containers. To obtain the proper results, it is important
PROTECTION. Feed-through bush- ing protection that the manufacturer’s instructions be closely fol- lowed.
should be given to wire bundles which pass through
bulkheads, frames, and other similar structure.
Feed-through bushings of hard dielectric material are
satisfactory. The use of split plastic grommets (nylon) is b. Potting compounds normally cure at temperatures
rec- ommended in lieu of rubber grommets in areas of 70 ° F to 76 ° F. If the mixed
subject to fluids, since they eliminate the un- satisfactory compound is not used at once, the working pot life
features of rubber grommets and are resistant to fluids (normally 90 minutes) can be prolonged by storing in a
usually encountered in aircraft. deep freeze at -20 ° F for a maxi- mum of 36 hours. The
time factor starts from the instant the accelerator is added
to the base compound and includes the time expended
during the mixing and application processes.
11-237. SPECIAL PURPOSE CONNEC- TOR. Many
special-purpose connectors have been designed for use
in aircraft applications, such as: subminiature connector, c. Mixed compounds that are not to be used
rectangular shell connector, connectors with short body immediately should be cooled and thawed quickly to
shells, or connector of split-shell construction used in avoid wasting the short working life. Chilled compounds
applications where potting is required. Make every should be thawed by blowing compressed air over the
attempt to identify the connector part number from the outside of the container. Normally the compound will be
maintenance manual or actual part, and the ready for use in 5 to 10 minutes.
manufacturer’s instruction used for servicing.
moisture in the connectors. A secondary bene- fit of the wire bundle. Clean the areas to be potted with dry
potting is the reduced possibility of breakage between solvent and complete the potting op- eration within 2
the contact and wire due to vibration. hours after this cleaning. Al- low the potting compound
to cure for 24 hours at a room temperature of 70 ° F to 75
° F or carefully placed in a drying oven at 100 ° F for 3 to 4
a. Connectors specifically designed for potting hours.
compounds should be potted to pro- vide environment In all cases follow manufac-
resistance. An o-ring or sealed gasket should be turer’s instructions.
included to seal the interface area of the mated
connector. A plas- tic potting mold, that remains on the 11-240. THROUGH BOLTS. Through
connector after the potting compounds have cured, bolts are sometimes used to make feeder con- nections
should also be considered. To facilitate circuit changes, through bulkheads, fuselage skin, or firewalls. Mounting
spare wires may be installed to all unused contacts prior plates for through bolts must be a material that provides
to filling the connector with potting compound. the necessary fire barrier, insulation, and thermal
properties for the application. Sufficient cross section
should be provided to ensure adequate con- ductivity
against overheating. Secure through bolts mechanically
b. Connect wires to all contacts of the connector prior and independently of the terminal mounting nuts, taking
to the application of the pot- ting compound. Wires that particular care to avoid dissimilar metals among the
are not to be used should be long enough to permit terminal hardware. During inspection, pay particular
splicing at a later date. Unused wires should be as attention to the condition of the insulator plate or spacer
shown in figure 11-38 and the cut ends capped with and the insulating boot that covers the completed
heat-shrinkable caps or crimped insulated end caps such terminal assembly.
as the MS 25274 prior to securing to