Algebra Lineal Trabajo Individual
Algebra Lineal Trabajo Individual
CODIGO 100577578
ADMINISTRACION DE EMPRESAS.
CEAD IBAGUE
MARZO 2019
2
INTRODUCCION
OBJETIVO GENERAL
OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS:
vectorial.
elementales.
foro sobre el tema elegido, para que no coincida con la elección de otro compañero.
matrices.
5
pasos:
6
- Nombrar cada uno de los vectores y encontrar la magnitud y dirección de los mismos.
- Encontrar el área del paralelogramo formado por los vectores representados, con
teoría vectorial.
R/ ⃗𝑼
⃗ =(3,5) ⃗𝑽: (-4,1)
MAGNITUD
DIRECCIÓN
⃗𝑼
⃗ = (3,5)
𝟓
𝛉 = 𝐓𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝟑) = 59.04 °
⃗𝑽 = (-4,1)
U * V = 3(-4) + 5(1) = -7
7
−𝟏
𝜃 = 𝐂𝐨𝐬 (-0.2912) = 106.9298°
SUMA DE VECTORES
U + V = ( (3+(-4) , ( 5 + 1) ) = (-1 , 6)
MAGNITUD
⃗𝑺: (-1,6)
DIRECCION
⃗𝑺 = (-1,6)
𝟔
𝛉 = 𝐓𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (−𝟏) = -80.53°
8
A= ( 3 , 5 ) B=( -4 , 1 )
C= A B
3 -4 = 4 – ( - 20 ) = 4 + 20 = 24
5 1
⃗ l = √(24)2
l𝑪
⃗ l = √576
l𝑪
⃗ l = 24
l𝑪
𝐶= 𝑎 × 𝑏 = |𝑎 | |𝑏 | sin 𝜎
𝐴 = −14.26
⃗⃗ + 2𝒘
R/ -3𝑽 ⃗⃗⃗
⃗ = 3i – 4j + 2k
𝐕 ⃗ = -3 ( 3i -4j +2k)
- 3𝐕
⃗⃗⃗ =2i + 5j + 4k
𝒘 ⃗⃗⃗ = 2 (2i +5j +4k)
2𝒘
⃗ *𝒘
6( 𝐕 ⃗⃗⃗ )
⃗ = 3i – 4j + 2k
𝐕 ⃗⃗⃗ =2i + 5j + 4k
𝒘
⃗ *𝒘
𝐕 ⃗⃗⃗ = (3)(2) + (-4) (5) + (2) (4)
⃗ *𝒘
𝐕 ⃗⃗⃗ = 6i + 20j + 8k
⃗ *𝒘
6( 𝐕 ⃗⃗⃗ )
COSENOS DIRECTORES
⃗V= 3i – 4j + 2k ⃗V= (3 – 4 + 2)
3 3
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑎 = )2 2 =√29
√32+(−4 +2
−4 −4
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑏 = )2 2 =√29
√32+(−4 +2
2 2
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑦 = )2 2 =√29
√32+(−4 +2
3 −4 2 9 16 4
( ) 2 +( )2 + ( )2 = 29 + 29 +29 = 1
√29 √29 √29
𝑤
⃗⃗ =2i + 5j + 4k 𝑤
⃗⃗ = (2 +5 +4)
2 2
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑎 = 2 2 =√45
√22+5 +4
5 5
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑏 = 2 2 =√45
√22+5 +4
11
4 4
𝐶𝑂𝑆𝑦 = 2 2 =√45
√22+5 +4
2 5 4 4 25 16
( ) 2 +( )2 + ( )2 = 45 + 45 +45 = 1
√45 √45 √45
PRODUCTO CRUZ
⃗ = 3i – 4j + 2k
V 𝑤
⃗⃗ =2i + 5j + 4k
i j ⃗k
⃗V x 𝑊
⃗⃗⃗ = 3 −4 2
2 5 4
⃗⃗⃗ = |−4 2| i - |3
⃗V x 𝑊 2
| j+ |
3 −4 ⃗
| k
5 4 2 4 2 5
⃗ x𝑊
V ⃗
⃗⃗⃗ = [-16 -10] i – [12-4] j + [15+8] k
⃗V x 𝑊 ⃗
⃗⃗⃗ = -26i − 8j +23k
⃗ x𝑊
V ⃗⃗⃗ = < −26, −8,23 >
PRODUCTO PUNTO
⃗V= 3i – 4j + 2k 𝑤
⃗⃗ =2i + 5j + 4k
12
⃗V x 𝑊
⃗⃗⃗ = (3)(2) +(-4)(5) + (2)(4)
= 6 -20 + 8
=-6
⃗ x𝑊
<V ⃗⃗⃗ >= -6
4,8) m/s.
R/
A*b = Ia I *I b I *cos α
I a I = √5²+12² = 13
I b I = √ 1²+k²
407k²+480k -69=
k = -0.129 k = 1.308
R/
K= -0.129 ; k= 1.308
1 0 2 3 9 −5 6 0 −2 3 5
−2 5 6 3 3 6
𝐴=[ 1 0 3 8] 𝐵 = [1
0 −1 3 ] 𝐶=[4 3 5 4 ] 𝐷=
5 −1 0 −9 8
2 −3 0 5 7 −5
0 3𝑥 2 −2
[ 3 𝑦2 3 ]
1 0 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
a) 𝑨 ∙ 𝑩 ∙ 𝑪
1 0 2 3 9 −5 6
−2 5 6 3 1 3 6
𝐴∙𝐵∙𝐶 =[ 1 0 3 8] ∙ [0 −1 3 ] ∙ 𝐶
5 2 −3 0 5 7 −5
(1 × 9) + (0 × 1) + (2 × 0) + (3 × 5) (1 × −5) + (0 × 3) + (2 × −1) + (3 × 7) (1 × 6) + (0 × 6) + (2 × 3) + (3 × −
(−2 × 9) + (5 × 1) + (6 × 0) + (3 × 5) (−2 × −5) + (5 × 3) + (6 × −1) + (3 × 7) (−2 × 6) + (5 × 6) + (6 × 3) + (3 × −
=[
(1 × 9) + (0 × 1) + (3 × 0) + (8 × 5) (1 × −5) + (0 × 3) + (3 × −1) + (8 × 7) (1 × 6) + (0 × 6) + (3 × 3) + (8 × −
(5 × 9) + (2 × 1) + (−3 × 0) + (0 × 5) (5 × −5) + (2 × 3) + (−3 × −1) + (0 × 7) (5 × 6) + (2 × 6) + (−3 × 3) + (0 × −
∙𝐶
9 + 0 + 0 + 15 −5 + 0 − 2 + 21 6 + 0 + 6 − 15
=[ −18 + 5 + 0 + 15 10 + 15 − 6 + 21 −12 + 30 + 18 − 15] ∙ 𝐶
9 + 0 + 0 + 40 −5 + 0 − 3 + 56 6 + 0 + 9 − 40
45 + 2 + 0 + 0 −25 + 6 + 3 + 0 30 + 12 − 9 + 0
15
24 14 −3
0 −2 3 5
=[2 40 21 ] [ 4 3 5 4 ]
49 48 −25
−1 0 −9 8
47 −16 33
(24 × 0) + (14 × 4) + (−3 × −1) (24 × −2) + (14 × 3) + (−3 × 0) (24 × 3) + (14 × 5) + (−3 × −9) (24 × 5) + (14 × 4) + (−3
(2 × 0) + (40 × 4) + (21 × −1) (2 × −2) + (40 × 3) + (21 × 0) (2 × 3) + (40 × 5) + (21 × −9) (2 × 5) + (40 × 4) + (21 ×
=[
(49 × 0) + (48 × 4) + (−25 × −1) (49 × −2) + (48 × 3) + (−25 × 0) (49 × 3) + (48 × 5) + (−25 × −9) (49 × 5) + (48 × 4) + (−2
(47 × 0) + (−16 × 4) + (33 × −1) (47 × −2) + (−16 × 3) + (33 × 0) (47 × 3) + (−16 × 5) + (33 × −9) (47 × 5) + (−16 × 4) + (3
0 + 56 + 3 −48 + 42 + 0 72 + 70 + 27 120 + 56 − 24
= [0 + 160 − 21 −4 + 120 + 0 6 + 200 − 189 10 + 160 + 168 ]
0 + 192 + 25 −98 + 144 + 0 147 + 240 + 225 245 + 192 − 200
0 − 64 − 33 −94 − 48 + 0 141 − 80 − 297 235 − 64 + 264
59 −6 169 152
= [ 139 116 17 338 ]
217 46 612 237
−97 −142 −236 435
b) 𝟒𝑩 ∙ 𝟐𝑨
9 −5 6 1 0 2 3
1 3 6 −2 5 6 3
4𝐵 ∙ 2𝐴 = 4 [0 −1 3 ] ∙ 2 [ 1 0 3 8]
5 7 −5 5 2 −3 0
16
36 −20 24 2 0 4 6
4 12 24 −4 10 12 6
= [ 0 −4 12 ] ∙ [ 2 0 6 16] OPERACIÓN NO DEFINIDA
20 28 −20 10 4 −6 0
c) 𝟑𝑪 ∙ (−𝟕𝑩)
0 −2 3 5 9 −5 6
3 6
3𝐶 ∙ (−7𝐵) = 3 [ 4 3 5 4 ] ∙ (−7) [1
0 −1 3 ]
−1 0 −9 8
5 7 −5
−63 35 −42
0 −6 9 15
−7 −21 −42]
= [ 12 9 15 12 ] ∙ [ 0 7 −21
−3 0 −27 24
−35 −49 35
(0 × −63) + (−6 × −7) + (9 × 0) + (15 × −35) (0 × 35) + (−6 × −21) + (9 × 7) + (15 × −49) (0 × −42) + (−6 × −42) + (9 × −21) +
= [ (12 × −63) + (9 × −7) + (15 × 0) + (12 × −35) (12 × 35) + (9 × −21) + (15 × 7) + (12 × −49) (12 × −42) + (9 × −42) + (15 × −21)
(−3 × −63) + (0 × −7) + (−27 × 0) + (24 × −35) (−3 × 35) + (0 × −21) + (−27 × 7) + (24 × −49) (−3 × −42) + (0 × −42) + (−27 × −21)
d) 𝑫𝟐
0 3𝑥 2 −2 0 3𝑥 2 −2
2 3 ] ∙ [ 3 𝑦2 3 ]
𝐷 = [ 3 𝑦2
1 0 (𝑥 + 𝑦) 1 0 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
0 + 9𝑥 2 − 2 0 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 0 0 + 9𝑥 2 − 2(𝑥 + 𝑦)
= [ 0 + 3𝑦 2 + 3 9𝑥 2 + 𝑦 4 + 0 −6 + 3𝑦 2 + 3(𝑥 + 𝑦)]
0 + 0 + (𝑥 + 𝑦) 3𝑥 2 + 0 + 0 −2 + 0 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)2
9𝑥 2 − 2 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 9𝑥 2 − 2(𝑥 + 𝑦)
= [3𝑦 2 + 3 9𝑥 2 + 𝑦 4 −6 + 3𝑦 2 + 3(𝑥 + 𝑦)]
(𝑥 + 𝑦) 3𝑥 2 −2 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)2
e) 𝑫 ∙ 𝑪
0 3𝑥 2 −2 0 −2 3 5
𝐷 ∙ 𝐶 = [ 3 𝑦2 3 ]∙[ 4 3 5 4 ]
1 0 (𝑥 + 𝑦) −1 0 −9 8
18
(0 × 0) + (3𝑥 2 × 4) + (−2 × −1) (0 × −2) + (3𝑥 2 × 3) + (−2 × 0) (0 × 3) + (3𝑥 2 × 5) + (−2 × −9) (0 × 5) + (3𝑥 2 × 4) + (−
= [ (3 × 0) + (𝑦 2 × 4) + (3 × −1) (3 × −2) + (𝑦 2 × 3) + (3 × 0) (3 × 3) + (𝑦 2 × 5) + (3 × −9) (3 × 5) + (𝑦 2 × 4) + (3 ×
(1 × 0) + (0 × 4) + ((𝑥 + 𝑦) × −1) (1 × −2) + (0 × 3) + ((𝑥 + 𝑦) × 0) (1 × 3) + (0 × 5) + ((𝑥 + 𝑦) × −9) (1 × 5) + (0 × 4) + ((𝑥 +
f) 𝑪𝑻 ∙ 𝑫
0 4 −1
0 3𝑥 2 −2
𝑇 −2 3 0 ]∙[3 3 ]
𝐶 ∙𝐷 =[
3 5 −9 𝑦2
1 0 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
5 4 8
0 + 12 − 1 0 + 4𝑦 2 + 0 0 + 12 − 𝑥 − 𝑦
0+9+0 −6𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 0 4+9+0
=
0 + 15 − 9 9𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 + 0 −6 + 15 − 9(𝑥 + 𝑦)
[0 + 12 + 8 15𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 0 −10 + 12 + 8(𝑥 + 𝑦)]
11 4𝑦 2 12 − 𝑥 − 𝑦
9 −6𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 13
=
6 9𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 9 − 9(𝑥 + 𝑦)
[20 15𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 2 + 8(𝑥 + 𝑦)]
g) 𝑫𝒆𝒕(𝑩)
h) 𝑫𝒆𝒕(𝑫)
0 3𝑥 2 −2
|𝐷| = | 3 𝑦 2 3 |
1 0 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
− (3𝑥 2 × 3 × (𝑥 + 𝑦)) − (0 × 3 × 0)
= 9𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 9𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦
20
i) (𝑩𝑻 − 𝑪)𝑻
𝑇 𝑇
9 −5 6 0 −2 3 5
3 6
(𝐵 − 𝐶) = ([1
𝑇 𝑇
0 −1 3 ] − [
4 3 5 4 ])
−1 0 −9 8
5 7 −5
𝑇
9 1 0 5 0 −2 3 5
= ([−5 3 −1 7] − [ 4 3 5 4 ])
6 6 3 −5 −1 0 −9 8
𝑇
9−0 1 − (−2) 0−3 5−5
= [ −5 − 4 3−3 −1 − 5 7 − 4 ]
6 − (−1) 6−0 3 − (−9) −5 − 8
𝑇
9 3 −3 0
= [−9 0 −6 3 ]
7 6 12 −13
9 −9 7
=[ 3 0 6 ]
−3 −6 12
0 3 −13
21
Haciendo la rotación, tomando al eje 𝑦 como eje de giro, la matriz de rotación 𝑅(𝑦, 𝜑)
1
a) Encontrar el vector 𝑃𝑥𝑦𝑧, cuando el punto 𝑃𝑢𝑣𝑤 = [1], con 𝜙 = 90°, con respecto
2
al eje 𝑂𝑌.
0 0 1 1 (0 × 1) + (0 × 1) + (1 × 2) 2
= [ 0 1 0] ∙ [1] = [ (0 (1 (0
× 1) + × 1) + × 2) ] = [ 1 ]
−1 0 0 2 (−1 × 1) + (0 × 1) + (0 × 2) −1
1
b) Encontrar el vector 𝑃𝑥𝑦𝑧, cuando el punto 𝑃𝑢𝑣𝑤 = [2] , con 𝜙 = 45°, con
3
√2 √2 √2 √2
0 ( × 1) + (0 × 2) + ( × 3)
2 2 1 2 2 2√2
= 0 1 0 ∙ [2] = (0 × 1) + (1 × 2) + (0 × 3) =[ 2 ]
√2 √2 3 √2 √2 √2
[ 2 0
−
2] [
(−
2
× 1) + (0 × 2) + (
2
× 3)
]
23
aumentada a una forma que sea lo suficientemente simple como para que el
Un nutricionista desarrolla una dieta para pacientes con bajo nivel de peso
continuación:
Materia Costo % % % %
A 2,35 12 10 60 18
B 2 10 10 50 30
C 1,7 8 6 44 42
24
Cuánto deberán mezclar de cada una de las tres (3) materias primas si
12𝐴 + 10𝐵 + 8𝐶 ≥ 10
10𝐴 + 10𝐵 + 6𝐶 ≤ 95
Por lo tanto:
12𝐴 + 10𝐵 + 8𝐶 ≥ 10
12 10 8 ⋮ 10
𝐴 = [−10 −10 −6 ⋮ −95]
60 50 44 ⋮ 52
𝐹1
→
12
12 10 8 ⋮ 10 𝐹
= [−10 −10 −6 ⋮ −95] → 2
60 50 44 ⋮ 52 −10
𝐹3
→
10
25
2 5 5
1 ⋮
3 6 6
= 3 → 𝐹2 − 𝐹1
1 1 ⋮ 9,5 → 6𝐹1 − 𝐹3
5
[6 5 4,4 ⋮ 5,2]
5 2 5
1 ⋮
6 3 6
1 −1 26
= 0 ⋮
6 15 3 → 6𝐹2
−2 −1
0 0 ⋮
[ 5 5]
5 2 5
1 ⋮
6 3 6 5
−2 → 𝐹1 − 𝐹2
= 0 1 ⋮ 52 6
5
−2 −1 → −5𝐹3
0 0 ⋮
[ 5 5]
1 0 1 ⋮ −42,5
−2 𝐹3
= [0 1 ⋮ 52 ] → 2
5
0 0 2⋮ 1
→ 𝐹1 − 𝐹3
1 0 1 ⋮ −42,5
= [0 1 0 ⋮ 52,2 ] 2𝐹
3
0 0 1 ⋮ 0,5 → + 𝐹2
5
1 0 0 ⋮ −43
= [0 1 0 ⋮ 52,2 ]
0 0 1 ⋮ 0,5
12 10 8
|𝐴| = |−10 −10 −6|
60 50 44
26
Matriz adjunta de A:
−10 −6
𝑎11 = (−1)2 | | = [(−10 × 44) − (−6 × 50)] = (−440 + 300) = −140
50 44
−10 −6
𝑎12 = (−1)3 | | = −[(−10 × 44) − (−6 × 60)] = −(−440 + 360) = 80
60 44
−10 −10
𝑎13 = (−1)4 | | = [(−10 × 50) − (−10 × 60)] = (−500 + 600) = 100
60 50
10 8
𝑎21 = (−1)3 | | = −[(10 × 44) − (8 × 50)] = −(440 − 400) = −40
50 44
12 8
𝑎22 = (−1)4 | | = [(12 × 44) − (60 × 8)] = (528 − 480) = 48
60 44
12 10
𝑎23 = (−1)5 | | = −[(12 × 50) − (60 × 10)] = −(600 − 600) = 0
60 50
10 8
𝑎31 = (−1)4 | | = [(10 × −6) − (−10 × 8)] = (−60 + 80) = 20
−10 −6
12 8
𝑎32 = (−1)5 | | = −[(12 × −6) − (−10 × 8)] = −(−72 + 80) = −8
−10 −6
12 10
𝑎33 = (−1)6 | | = [(12 × −10) − (−10 × 10)] = (−120 + 100) = −20
−10 −10
−140 80 100
𝐴𝑑𝑗(𝐴) = [ −40 48 0 ]
20 −8 −20
−140 −40 20 7 1 −1
−80 −80 −80 4 2 4
80 48 −8 −3 1
𝐴−1 = = −1
−80 −80 −80 5 10
100 0 −20 −5 1
[ −80 0
−80 −80] [ 4 4]
1 7 −1
2 4 4
12 10 8 −3 1
𝐴 ∙ 𝐴−1 = [−10 −10 −6] ∙ −1
60 50 44 5 10
−5 1
[4 0
4]
7 −5 1 −3 −1 1 1
(12 × ) + (10 × −1) + (8 × ) (12 × ) + (10 × ) + (8 × 0) (12 × ) + (10 × ) + (8 × )
4 4 2 5 4 10 4
7 −5 1 −3 −1 1 1
= (−10 × ) + (−10 × −1) + (−6 × ) (−10 × ) + (−10 × ) + (−6 × 0) (−10 × ) + (−10 × ) + (−6 × )
4 4 2 5 4 10 4
7 −5 1 −3 −1 1 1
(50 × −1) + (44 × ) + (44 × 0)
[ (60 × 4) + 4
) (60 × ) + (50 ×
2 5
(60 ×
4
) + (50 × ) + (44 × ) ]
10 4
21 − 10 − 10 6−6+0 −3 + 1 + 2 1 0 0
= [−17,5 + 10 + 7,5 −5 + 6 + 0 2,5 − 1 − 1,5 ] = [0 1 0]
105 − 50 − 55 30 − 30 + 0 −15 + 5 + 11 0 0 1
vectoriales, sin embargo, es un enfoque de estudio que aplica a casi cualquier cosa de
Entrega final
d) Cada integrante del grupo debe aportar en el foro un ejemplo del uso del álgebra
el foro.
Respuesta :
https://prezi.com/kekim988uinw/unidad-1-vectores-matrices-y-determinates/
29
CONCLUCIONES
vectores y determinantes.
Entre las principales clases de matrices están; fila, columna, rectangular, nula,
triangular.
Esta materia tiene una gran importancia, ya que nos permite resolver los
BIBLIOGRAFIA
-Mesa, F., Alirio, E., & Fernández, S. O. (2012). Introducción al álgebra lineal. Bogotá,
-Zúñiga, C., Rondón, J. (2010) Módulo Algebra lineal. Universidad Nacional Abierta y
a Distancia.
- Barrera, M. F. (2014). Álgebra lineal. México, D.F., MX: Larousse – Grupo Editorial