Las Briófitas
Las Briófitas
Esporófito
Gametófito
Partes de un esporófito
¿Reconoce el gametófito y el esporófito?
Una vista de la cofia o caliptra que es un
remanente del arquegonio
Partes del
esporófito
Los dientes del peristoma
Una vista de las dos
series de dientes
del peristoma y las
esporas en una
cápsula de musgo.
2n
Ciclo reproductor
de un musgo
n
En las plantas el ciclo reproductor se conoce con el
nombre de alternación de generaciones
DIVISIÓN BRYOPHYTA
CLASE SPHAGNOPSIDA
CLASE ANDREAEOPSIDA
CLASE POLYTRICHOPSIDA
CLASE BRYOPSIDA
CLASE SPHAGNOPSIDA
Sphagnum Moss
Pie
Pseudopodio
El esporófito de
Sphagnum es
esférico y está
sostenido por un
pseudopodio.
Liberación de las esporas en Sphagnum
Mature latern
mosses (Andreaea)
grow as clumps of
small reddish to
blackish brown
plants
There are about 100
species of lantern moss,
classified in some four
genera.
Cápsula
Pseudopodio
Gametófito
Andreaeopsida have two distinctive
features that separate them from other
groups of mosses. First, the protonemata
have a different structure. In the
Andreaeopsida protonemata are thallose,
forming a multicellular flattened layer of
embryonic cells.
The capsule is elevated on a
pseudopodium or "false foot“. The
capsule itself opens by splitting
lengthwise in four slits (sometimes 8).
A short columella in the center of the
capsule keeps the capsule wall from
collapsing too far.
Capsules of Andreaea
CLASE POLYTRICHOPSIDA Polytrichum
Pleurocárpicos (c y d)
DIVISIÓN HEPATOPHYTA
(HEPÁTICAS)
Hay de dos tipos:
FOLIOSAS TALOSAS
Musci, liverworts and hornworts
have similar life cycle, but differ
greatly in organization of their
mature gametophytes,
sporophytes and protonemata
Liverwort gametophytes can be
either leafy shoots(foliosos) or
flattened thalli (talosas)
Leafy forms
The leaves are arranged
perpendicularly on the stem or in
one ventral and two lateral rows
or ranks, rather than in spirals like
the mosses.
The leaves are one cell layer thick
throughout, never have a midvein and
are usually divided into two or more
parts called lobes.
The ventral leaves lie against the
substrate, are usually much
smaller than the lateral leaves
and termed “Anfigastria”.
Tipos de inserción de la hoja en las
hepáticas foliosas:
1. Incuba
2. Sucuba
| 3.Transversa
Para determinar el tipo de inserción hay
que identificar el ápice de la planta y los
lados dorsales y ventrales.
Cara ventral
Postical
Antical
Hacia el ápice
Inserción incuba
de la planta.
Inserción transversa
Inserción incuba
Inserción transversa
Hacia el ápice
Incuba
VISTA VENTRAL
Sucuba
VISTA DORSAL
APICE
Incuba
Ápice
Vista dorsal
Sucuba
APICE
VISTA VENTRAL
Thallose liverworts
Air chamber
En el género Marchantia, los anteridios y
arquegonios se desarrollan en estructuras
llamadas anteridióforos y arquegonióforos que
se proyectan sobre la superficie del talo.
ARQUEGONIÓFORO
ANTERIDIÓFORO
Los gametangios masculinos se llaman
anteridios y se desarrollan en el
anteridióforo. Allí se forman los
gametos masculinos o anterozoides
flagelados los que al ser liberados viajan
hasta el arquegonio para fecundar el
óvulo.
Anteridios en el anteridióforo
Arquegonios
Arquegonióforo
Thallose liverwort sporophytes
can be develop completely
enclosed within gametophyte or
arquegoniophore tissues until their
capsules are ready to open.
Esporófitos en diferente grado de desarrollo en el
arquegonióforo
Pie
Seta
Cápsula
Sporophyte
Esporófito de Marchantia. La parte
prominente es la cápsula que cuando
está madura libera las esporas.
Cápsula
Arquegoniófo con ocho cápsulas
Esporófito
Pie
Seta
Cápsula
Gémulas
Cápsula con gémulas
Cápsula con
gémulas
In some thallose liverworts as
Monoclea, egg-containing
archegonia and sperm-containing
antheridia are formed on the
dorsal surface of the thallus.
Monoclea
The embryo forms
a small capsule
which, when
mature, is rapidly
elevated above
the thallus by a
seta (stalk).
These plants are
small (0.5 to
4 mm wide) and
thallose forming
intricate mats.
Riccia
The sporophyte of Riccia is
represented by only a single
globular capsule which is found to
be the simplest organization among
the bryophytes. Foot and seta are
completely absent
Ricciocarpus
Mature plants bearing spore
capsules are rarely found. It is
therefore assumed that
Ricciocarpus spreads primarily
through vegetative reproduction as
the plants break apart.
DIVISIÓN HEPATHOPHYTA
CLASE HEPATOPSIDA
ORDEN MARCHANTIALES
ORDEN SPHAEROCARPALES
Talosas
ORDEN MONOCLEALES
ORDEN METZGERIALES
ORDEN JUNGERMANNIALES
ORDEN TAKAKIALES
DIVISIÓN ATHOCEROTOPHYTA
Hornworts
Nostoc
Camaras con nostoc
Colonia de Nostoc
The cyanobacterium converts nitrogen
gas from the air into ammonium, which
the hornwort requires in its metabolism
and the hornwort secretes carbohydrate-
containing mucilage which supports the
growth of the cyanobacterium.
Hornworts also differ from all other
land plants in having only one large,
algal-like chloroplast in each
thallus cell with pyrenoids.
Cloroplasto
Pirenoide
Hornworts get their name from their
long, horn-shaped sporophytes. As in
other bryophytes, the sporophyte is
anchored in the gametophyte by a foot
through which nutrient transfer from
gametophyte to sporophyte occurs.
Esporófito
Gametófito
The sporophyte is actually an
elongate sporangium in which
meiosis and spore development take
place. At the base of the
sporangium, just above the foot, is a
mitotically active meristem,which
adds new cells to the spore-
producing zone throughout
The sporangium release spores at its
apex at the same time that new spores
are being produced by meiosis at its
base. Spore release in hornworts
takes place gradually and are
dispersed by water movements rather
than by wind
El esporófito de Anthoceros consta de un pie y
una cápsula alargada productora de esporas. No
hay seta.
El esporófito de Anthoceros puede tener estomas
Esporófito
FIN