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Harshen Bantawa

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Harshen Bantawa
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 bap
Glottolog bant1281[1]
harshen bantawa
taswirar bantawa

Harshen Bantawa (wanda kuma ake kira An Yüng, Bantaba, Bantawa Dum, Bantaw Yong, Bantawe Yüng, Vontawa, Kirawa Yüng), yare ne na Kiranti da ake magana a gabashin tsaunukan Himalayan na gabashin Nepal ta kabilun Kirati Bantawa. Suna amfani da tsarin haruffa na syllabic da aka sani da Kirat Rai . Daga cikin mutanen Khambu Rai na Gabashin Nepal, Sikkim, Darjeeling da Kalimpong a Indiya, Bantawa shine mafi girman yaren da ake magana. Dangane da Ƙididdigar Ƙasa ta 2001, aƙalla 1.63% na yawan mutanen Nepal suna magana da Bantawa. Kimanin 370,000 suna magana da harshen Bantawa galibi a yankunan tsaunuka na gabashin Nepal (2001). Ko Bantawa yana daga cikin nau'ikan da aka fi amfani da su a ko'ina na yaren Bantawa, ya fada cikin rukunin harsuna masu haɗari. fuskantar canjin harshe zuwa Nepali, musamman a yankin arewa.

Ana magana Bantawa a cikin tsari na batun-abu-kalma, kuma ba shi da nau'ikan suna ko jinsi.

Yawancin dangin Bantawa yanzu suna zaune a Bhojpur, Dharan, Illam, da Dhankuta. Adadin kwanan nan sun nuna cewa mafi yawansu suna zaune ne a Dharan. Ana magana da Bantawa a cikin gundumomi masu zuwa na Nepal (Ethnologue).

  • Lardin No. 1: Gundumar Bhojpur, Gundumar Dhankuta, Gunduma ta Ilam, Gundumar Jhapa, Gundume ta Khotang, Gunduniyar Morang, Gundumi ta Okhaldhunga, Gunduri ta Panchthar, Gundumar Sunsari, Gundumar Taplejung da Gundumar Udayapur
  • Sikkim, Darjeeling, Kalimpong na Indiya

Harsuna kamar haka (Ethnologue).

  • Arewacin Bantawa (Dilpali)
Yankunan arewa: Mangpahang, Raipachha, Awaichha, Rungchenbung da Yangma
  • Kudancin Bantawa (Chewali, Okhreli, Hatuwali, Hangkhim)
Kudancin da Arewacin Bantawa, irin wannan, za a iya haɗa su a matsayin 'Bantawa ta Tsakiya'.
  • Gabashin Bantawa (Dhankuta)
Yaren Gabas shine mafi banbanci. Yana da alaƙa da Harshen Dungmali, kodayake yana da alaƙa le Harshen Puma, Harshen Sampang, da Harshen Chhintange.
  • Yammacin Bantawa (Amchoke, Amchauke)
Harsunan Amchaucke: Sorung, Saharaja, Lulam, da Sukita
  • Wana Bantawa (wanda kuma ake kira kawai Bantawa), wanda ƙabilar Bantawa ke magana. Ana magana da yaren Amchoke a yankin Limbu, musamman a gundumar Ilam.

An kuma dauki Bantawa a matsayin dangi mafi girma a cikin iyalin Kiranti. An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa ana amfani da Bantawa a matsayin harshen magana tsakanin 'yan tsiraru na Rai a Himalayan Sikkim, Darjeeling Kalimpong A Indiya da Bhutan. A halin yanzu, ana gabatar da yaren ne kawai a wasu makarantu a matakin firamare (Shekara 1-Shekara 5) ta amfani da Rubutun Devanagari.

Harshen Waling da aka tabbatar daga ƙarshen karni na 19 na iya kasancewa nau'ikan Bantawa, ko kuma harshe mai alaƙa da juna, idan ba yaren Hatuwali da mutanen Waling ke magana a yau ba.

Harshen Bantawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

 

Bantawa IPA Nepali Turanci
Sewa haifa Sewä Tsayawa Safiya / Da yamma / maraice,
Rashin jituwa Kok Kafi Abinci, shinkafa
Khan Firayim Minista Khan Kafin ka Curry
Za a iya amfani da shi Mɨnätsi Ayyuka Mutane
Sai dai ya mutu diwä Bengali Yanayi Kakan
Dima tun daga nan dimä Tun da daɗewa Kakar
Mahaifinmu ya fi Dubipä Yanayi Uba
Mahaifiyar da ke da alaƙa mama Yarda da yawa Uwar
Nana Nana da nan nänä Tun da daɗewa Babbar 'yar'uwa
Yankin Yankin Yamma nitshmä Nishabo ne Ƙaramar 'Yar'uwa
Da ya kai ga yin hakan dewä Yaki da kuma Babba ga uba
Ya zama mai sauƙi demä Ya shiga cikin mutane Aunty Elder ga Dad / Babbar surukar Dad
Ya yi amfani da shi sosai Boppä Fasahar da ta yi Ƙaramin kawun uba
Chhɨna da ya shafi tshɨnä Hanyar shiga cikin mata Matar kawun ƙarami
Yunkurin cin gashin kansa Bɨwä Yamma ya yi Babban Ɗan'uwa
Yarda da Yarda nit͡shä Bayanin Ƙaramin Ɗan'uwa
Nichha'o Chhachi ya yi hakan: nitshäʔo tshätsi Yamma da kuma yaren da ya fi dacewa 'Ya'yan'uwa maza ko mata
Aachhuwa, da kuma karamar hukuma, ätshuwa tshuwa Yankin da ke cikin sararin samaniya Yaron mahaifiyarta
An yi amfani da shi sosai pek-wa Tun da ita Kudi
Shirin da ya dace titin Wani abu ne da aka yi amfani da shi Tufafi
Cha'wa: Kun t͡säʔwä Fitowa da Ruwa
Rashin aiki Ni Sakamakon haka Wutar
Yassaƙin Duniya thuli Yankin da ya shafi Gurasar
Sampicha ya kasance mai ban sha'awa sämpit͡sä Bayani da aka yi Millet
Kyakkyawan halittar, da kuma khäwät wät͡shon Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashiya Ana shayar da ruwan inabi a cikin gida
Hengmawa da ke ƙasa heŋmäwä Har ila yau, ya kuma Rum/Whisky/Brandy
Ya kasance mai ban sha'awa Sai dai Rubuce-rubuce Nama
Chhüna da kuma Chaya t͡shɨnä Aikin kasar Aunty (Yar'uwar Uba)
Sai dai, ya fito ne daga kasar nan diwä dimä Sun mutu bayan sun mutu Kakan, Kakar
Yana da kyau a kan hanyar Ohyätni Ya kasance mai sauƙi A nan
Moyatni ya yi fice a kan hanyar matsakaici Ya tashi A can
Ya kasance a cikin khädä Nisha A ina
Rashin hankali demni Yunanin Ta yaya
Rubuce-rubuce Tun da yake Lokacin da ya yi aiki Wannan yawa
Chama Palatt t͡sämä Rashin aiki Don cin abinci
Don haka ya faru da tɨ t͡sä Ya yi karatu a kan wani bangare? Kuna so ku ci?
Kok Tücha? Hakan ya sa ya faru da shi? kok tɨ t͡sä Shin, wane irin ne? Shin kun ci shinkafa?
Küng kɨŋ Ka'ida haka hakora
Ütlo Ya kasance a ciki Ya zama haka mummunar
Za a yi amfani da shi munimä Yaren da aka yi Katin

Fasahar sauti

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sautin sautin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sautin sautin
A gaba Tsakiya Komawa
ba a zagaye ba
Kusa Sunan i kuma SunanBayaniSanya ə ƙunshiYa kasance a wurinSanya u kasance a cikinYa kasance a cikinSanya
Tsakanin Tsakiya Yanayi kuma YanayiYanayi neSanya o cikin shekara taAiki ne akanSanya
Bude-tsakiya An samo asali ne daga wannan yanayinAn tsara shiSanya
Bude A. yi amfani da shiAn yi amfani da shiSanya
  • ʌ wasali ya zo ne a cikin Bantawa saboda tasirin yaren Nepali Zuwa ba a amfani dashi da yawa kamar a wasu yaren Tibet na Burma.
  • a zamanin yau wasu yaren ko a yankin na iya furta /ɨ/ a matsayin [ʌ], [u], ko [ə].

Misali: mɨk (ido) ana furta shi azaman mʌk, pɨ (macijin) azaman .

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Alamun sautin Bantawa
Biyuwa Dental Apico-alveolar
Lamino-alveolar
Palatal Velar Gishiri
Hanci Sunan m aka yiYa ƙunshiSanya A cikin wannan yanayinAn tsara shi da yawaSanya ŋ kamata a yi amfani da shiRuwa da aka yiSanya
Plosive / Africate
Rashin lafiya
ba tare da murya ba Ba a sha shi ba Sunan p aka yiWannan yanayinSanya t̪ yayaYanayinSanya Sunubiyar TsaroSanya taƙaice Sashen t͡s za a iya yiYa kuma shigaSanya Sashen da ak tsaraYanayinSanya ʔ:Yanayin:Sanya
da ake nema Yanayin ph ya shafiYa shafiSanya Sunan t̪h shafiWannan ya faruSanya th daga wannan lokacinSiffar da aka yiSanya An yi amfani da t͡sh a matsayinDakinSanya Sunan kh aka yiSunan hakaSanya
murya Ba a sha shi ba Sunan b aka yiSiffar LatinSanya d̪ tsara shi neYa shafiSanya SashenSanya ta yi Sunan zuraWannan ya shafiSanya ɡ samo asali ne daga wannan yanayinYa kasance a cikinSanya
da ake nema __hau__ Sunan Bɦ ke cikin wannanYanayinSanya d̪ɦ kamata a yi amfani da shiWannan ya faruSanya Wannan dɦ faru da hakaWannan shi ne abin da ya faruSanya Tun d͡zɦ haka, da kuma na'uraWannan shi ne na cikiSanya ɡɦ yi amfani da shi a cikinYa kasance a Sanya
Fricative s da aka yiAn yi amfani da shi a matsayinSanya An yi amfani da shi a matsayinYa kamata a yi la'akari da shiSanya
Trill Sunan r aka yiYa zama hakaSanya
Hanyar gefen Sashen l aka yiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya
Kusanci w w w w SashenWannan shi ne nufinSanya j zama hakaWannan ya faruSanya
  • Glotta stop [ʔ] yana daya daga cikin wakoki na harshen Bantawa wanda aka wakilta ta amfani da shi.
  • Dental consonant da Apico-alveolar ba sa yin wani bambanci yayin magana.
  • Ana amfani da Kirat Sirijunga lipi da Devanagari lipi don rubuta harshen Bantawa a Nepal.

Bayanan da aka ambata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Bantawa". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

Ƙarin karantawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Winter, Werner. 2003. A Bantawa Dictionary. Halin da ke cikin ilimin harshe - Takaddun 20. Ɗan rago na Gruyter: New York.
  • Daidaitaccen bayani. 2009. A Grammar na Bantawa . Jami'ar Leiden PhD Thesis. LOT Rubutun Tattaunawa: Utrecht.
  • (六郎 Rokurō ed.). Missing or empty |title= (help)

Haɗin waje

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