Jesse Nyokabi

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐧𝐨𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫'𝐬 𝐃𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐦𝐚: 𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐚𝐢𝐥 𝐛𝐲 𝐇𝐚𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐭𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤𝐬 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐚 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐝𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐝𝐨𝐮𝐛𝐭. Right from the introduction of the failure framework: Why good management can lead to failure; that statement in itself immediately… Show more

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐧𝐨𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫'𝐬 𝐃𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐦𝐚: 𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐚𝐢𝐥 𝐛𝐲 𝐇𝐚𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐭𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤𝐬 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐚 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐝𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐝𝐨𝐮𝐛𝐭. Right from the introduction of the failure framework: Why good management can lead to failure; that statement in itself immediately gets you hooked and slowly reels you in. After analyzing and understanding the findings stated, you will appreciate the potential change, elements of disruptive technology can present in the business world.

The purpose of this article is to take the substance of this book, and use it as a lens to see through the energy sector here in Kenya. Show less

Reservoir engineering constitutes a major part of the studies regarding geothermal exploration and production. Reservoir engineering comprises conducting experiments, constructing appropriate models, characterization, and forecasting reservoir dynamics. However, traditional engineering approaches started to face challenges as the number of raw field data increased. It pushed the researchers to use more powerful tools for data classification, cleaning, and preparing data to be used in models… Show more

Reservoir engineering constitutes a major part of the studies regarding geothermal exploration and production. Reservoir engineering comprises conducting experiments, constructing appropriate models, characterization, and forecasting reservoir dynamics. However, traditional engineering approaches started to face challenges as the number of raw field data increased. It pushed the researchers to use more powerful tools for data classification, cleaning, and preparing data to be used in models, which enhances a better data evaluation, thus making proper decisions. In addition, simultaneous simulations are sometimes performed, aiming to have optimization and sensitivity analysis during the history matching process. Machine learning techniques have been proposed as the best solution for strong learning capability and computational efficiency. Recently developed algorithms make it possible to handle a very large number of data with high accuracy. In this study, we endeavor to review the machine learning approaches used in geothermal reservoir engineering and give the recommendation of more areas to explore. Areas of reservoir management and reservoir monitoring are the subcategories that have the most applications of machine learning under reservoir engineering. Most works involved predicting production data such as flow rates, temperature, and pressure. Though machine learning has been applied in geothermal reservoir engineering, this study shows that there are still opportunities to improve and expand the adoption of machine learning. Show less

Owing to their very nature, geothermal energy projects face several financing hurdles, including (a) higher capital costs and credit risk issues in developing countries; (b) subsidized use of fossil fuels; (c) statutory limitations in the method by which multilateral agencies share project financing, and (d) time consuming and expensive reviews of projects, which may delay and even preclude project implementation. These challenges have resulted in the need to craft innovative financing… Show more

Owing to their very nature, geothermal energy projects face several financing hurdles, including (a) higher capital costs and credit risk issues in developing countries; (b) subsidized use of fossil fuels; (c) statutory limitations in the method by which multilateral agencies share project financing, and (d) time consuming and expensive reviews of projects, which may delay and even preclude project implementation. These challenges have resulted in the need to craft innovative financing solutions that resonate with the pressing needs experienced in most African states. One of the solutions is financing through Public-Private Partnership. The World Bank Group defines Public-Private Partnership as "A long-term contract between a private party and a government entity for providing a public asset or service in which the private party bears significant risk and management responsibility and remuneration is linked to performance." Fast track financing of geothermal projects through public-private partnership and recognition of the real value of the benefits of public-private partnership in a geothermal project, will provide the opportunity for the development of new geothermal projects in Africa. Financing participants should choose a team leader, establish a budget for financing costs, and set a closing timetable. Countries where geothermal is being developed and multilateral agencies should provide quantifiable credits for geothermal benefits. A shorter period from planning through financing approval while considering all the risks should be the realizable goal so that projects are developed when and where they are most needed. This paper aims at exploring and highlighting how to conceptualize and structure geothermal projects to reap maximum benefits offered by the Public-Private Partnership for effective project financing in Africa. In addition, we intend to showcase to the various stakeholders in Africa, the opportunities and risks involved in investing in geothermal. Show less

The global decarbonisation agenda necessitates socio-technical and political economy recalibrations across the cities of the world. This chapter focuses on the political economy of decarbonising African petro-cities. Adopting a hybrid qualitative approach consisting of theoretical exploration and content analysis, we deconstruct the political economy of decarbonisation in African petro-cities and explore possible governance measures that promote decarbonisation while supporting economic… Show more

The global decarbonisation agenda necessitates socio-technical and political economy recalibrations across the cities of the world. This chapter focuses on the political economy of decarbonising African petro-cities. Adopting a hybrid qualitative approach consisting of theoretical exploration and content analysis, we deconstruct the political economy of decarbonisation in African petro-cities and explore possible governance measures that promote decarbonisation while supporting economic prosperity. Our policy recommendations include recalibrating both supply and demand sides of energy culture, a shift in the economic dynamics of petro-dependency and rent-seeking, governance reforms to promote clean energy democracy and energy decentralisation, incentivising active private sector engagements, and adopting an expert approach to decarbonisation within specific geopolitical contexts. Show less

Geothermal development projects rely heavily on very disparate types of reservoir data that elaborate on subsurface geological environments. This data influences the understanding of the economic potential of the project. Geothermal reservoirs are unique in the wide range of rock types in which they are found. The geothermal exploration process captures this varying data through standard subsurface and petrologic analysis, surface geology and geophysical surveys (gravity, magnetic, and MT), and… Show more

Geothermal development projects rely heavily on very disparate types of reservoir data that elaborate on subsurface geological environments. This data influences the understanding of the economic potential of the project. Geothermal reservoirs are unique in the wide range of rock types in which they are found. The geothermal exploration process captures this varying data through standard subsurface and petrologic analysis, surface geology and geophysical surveys (gravity, magnetic, and MT), and heat flow data to obtain a similarly varied analysis. The analysis expands upon the parameters such as rock permeability, porosity, resistivity, conductivity, seismicity, fluid volume, and heat flow within the reservoir. Efficient visualization of reservoir characteristics provides an accurate analysis of the geothermal subsurface on which operators can make informed decisions regarding project development while also minimizing their investment risk. The ensemble learning paradigm is a new Computational Intelligence (CI) algorithm in which diverse expert opinions are strategically incorporated and smartly integrated to solve a problem. This new learning paradigm has its root in human sociology where final decisions are made by considering various opinions of a "committee of experts" to obtain an overall "ensemble" decision. It has its origin in human psychology which suggested that the judgment of a committee is superior to those of individuals given that "the individuals have an acceptable level of competence". The ensemble learning methodology is a close emulation of the human socio-cultural behavior of seeking several people's opinions before making any important decision. This study demonstrates the application of ensemble machine learning in the characterization of the properties of a geothermal reservoir, based on previous successful applications in various industries including oil and gas. Show less

The paper highlights Kenya’s PPPs geothermal project structuring, project financing model, projects risks, risk mitigation, challenges, and possible solutions to the challenges. This would enable geothermal projects to reap the maximum benefits offered by the Public-Private Partnership for effective project planning and financing.
The adoption of PPPs appears to be a positive effort to accelerate geothermal development in Kenya. While not conclusive, there is an opportunity that PPPs can… Show more

The paper highlights Kenya’s PPPs geothermal project structuring, project financing model, projects risks, risk mitigation, challenges, and possible solutions to the challenges. This would enable geothermal projects to reap the maximum benefits offered by the Public-Private Partnership for effective project planning and financing.
The adoption of PPPs appears to be a positive effort to accelerate geothermal development in Kenya. While not conclusive, there is an opportunity that PPPs can improve operational efficiency in regulatory regimes and contractual specificities. Show less

Africa is not left behind as many countries around the world are planning to reach 100% renewable energy use by 2050. In this context and due to the recent sharp increase in Renewable Energy utilization in the Africa energy mix along with its progressive impact on the Africa energy sector, the evaluation and investigation of its effect on achieving sustainable development goals (SDG) have not prospected sufficiently. There are 169 targets of the 17 SDGs agreed internationally in the sustainable… Show more

Africa is not left behind as many countries around the world are planning to reach 100% renewable energy use by 2050. In this context and due to the recent sharp increase in Renewable Energy utilization in the Africa energy mix along with its progressive impact on the Africa energy sector, the evaluation and investigation of its effect on achieving sustainable development goals (SDG) have not prospected sufficiently. There are 169 targets of the 17 SDGs agreed internationally in the sustainable development agenda 2030. Valuation of the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI) for renewable energy utilization toward achieving SDGs should be explored in Africa. Renewable energy has a positive impact on achieving a lot of targets across all sustainable development goals (SDGs). Show less

#Artificial_Neural_Network, a #machinelearningalgorithm was used to train the data. We succeeded in coming up with a machine learning model which we used to do energy analysis of our #Wellhead_geothermal_power_plant. The machine learning model was used to determine #enthalpies, #entropies, #mass_flowrate, #turbine_work, #turbine_efficiency, and #dryness_fraction, and #grid_power.

The world has a vision on universal electrification. The electricity grid plays a vital role in connecting electrical energy resources to electricity consumers. Reliability of the grid is extremely important. Symmetrical important is sustainability from all aspects: economic, environmental, safety and security. Operational issues and to a large extent operational efficiency are managed by the centralized monitoring and control systems operated by Power Control Centers.

Contemporary… Show more

The world has a vision on universal electrification. The electricity grid plays a vital role in connecting electrical energy resources to electricity consumers. Reliability of the grid is extremely important. Symmetrical important is sustainability from all aspects: economic, environmental, safety and security. Operational issues and to a large extent operational efficiency are managed by the centralized monitoring and control systems operated by Power Control Centers.

Contemporary changes and trend such as increased electricity generation from renewable energy and new and more efficient consumption technologies are changing use patterns and dynamical characteristics of the entire grid.

Advanced high-speed supercomputing, Machine Learning and pattern recognition and/or data mining techniques for big data analytics are also being explored for applications surrounding grid base lining, grid health monitoring and security assessment. Show less

Countries within Eastern Africa are endowed with huge geothermal potential of more than 20,000MWe. This is in early stages of development with Kenya currently leading in geothermal power production. Ethiopia and Djibouti are also currently in development stage while the rest of the countries are working on the exploration stage. This paper sought to address the opportunities derived from geothermal energy as well as barriers hindering geothermal development in Eastern Africa.

Demonstration of geothermal leadership.
Intercountries peer learning to exchange knowledge on handling challenges in the field.

Direct use of geothermal energy has continuously grown in popularity due to economic, environmental and energy efficiency benefits associated with it. Applications vary widely from agricultural, crop drying, heating, and industrial processes.

Electrical Engineering

Geothermal

Reactive Energy

Geothermal

The Energy Act 2019

Energy

Machine Learning

Machine Learning

Geothermal Power Generation

Renewable Energy Reverse Auction Mechanism (RAMs)

The future of Liquefied Natural Gas in Kenya.

Energy Auction is a new system that will replace the feed in tariff of renewable energy in Kenya. It is a policy that has been used in different countries and it's success has surpassed the expectation.

Hybridization of different energy resources is key for energy industry development. Solar energy can be harvested and stored in Geothermal Reservoir for use during the demand time when Solar energy is not available.

Wind power requires to comply with Grid requirement of Kenya's national Grid

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is redesigning the global power industry. IoT is one of the technologies brought by 4th industrial revolution.

Power industry is shaping the future economy of East Africa.