헝가리의 인구
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Hungary_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png/331px-Hungary_single_age_population_pyramid_2020.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Hungary_historical_population.png/350px-Hungary_historical_population.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Population_density_in_Hungary.png/350px-Population_density_in_Hungary.png)
인구학적 동향
[편집]유엔에 따르면 2019년 기준 헝가리의 인구는 970만 명이다. 헝가리의 인구는 1950년 933만 명에서 1980년 1071만 명으로 정점을 찍고[1], 그 이후에는 인구가 감소해 2010년에 이르러서는 1000만 명을 밑돌았으며[2], 현재까지도 인구감소가 진행중에 있다. 아래 표은 1950-2015년 헝가리의 인구를 나타낸 것이며, 유엔 통계를 기준으로 작성된 것이기 때문에 기관마다 차이가 있을 수 있다.
연도별 헝가리의 인구[3] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 1970 | 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 |
933.8만 명 | ↗1036.6만 명 | ↘1037.7만 명 | ↘1022.1만 명 | ↘1008.6만 명 | ↘992.7만 명 | ↘977.8만 명 |
헝가리는 다른 동구권 국가들처럼 인구가 감소하고 있지만, 감소가 시작된 시점(1981년)은 비교적 이른 편이지만, 인구 감소폭은 비교적 적은 편이다. 연평균 인구 성장률은 1950-1955년 1.0%에서 2010-2015년 -0.3%, 2015-2020년 -0.2%로 낮아졌으며[4], 연평균 합계출산율도 1950-1955년 2.69명에서 2000-2005년 1.29명으로 낮아졌지만, 2015-2020년 1.49명으로 소폭 상승했다.[5]
2019년 유엔 인구 통계
총인구: 970만 명
15세 미만 인구: 14.4%
15~24세 인구: 10.6%
25~64세 인구: 55.3%
65세 이상 인구: 19.7%
노인 부양 가능 인구(65세 이상 노인 1명당 25~64세 노동 인구): 2.8명
인구 성장률: -0.2%
조출생률(인구 1000명당): 9.5명
합계출산율: 1.51명
조사망률(인구 1000명당): 12.6명
영아사망률(1살 미만 1000명당): 4명
유아사망률(5세 미만 1000명당): 4명
출생시 기대수명: 76.9세
인구의 역사
[편집]연도 | 인구 | ±% |
---|---|---|
1784[7] | 2,681,595 | — |
1870 | 5,011,310 | +86.9% |
1880 | 5,329,191 | +6.3% |
1890 | 6,009,351 | +12.8% |
1900 | 6,854,415 | +14.1% |
1910 | 7,612,114 | +11.1% |
1920 | 7,986,875 | +4.9% |
1930 | 8,685,109 | +8.7% |
1941 | 9,316,074 | +7.3% |
1949 | 9,204,799 | −1.2% |
1960 | 9,961,044 | +8.2% |
1970 | 10,300,996 | +3.4% |
1980 | 10,709,463 | +4.0% |
1990 | 10,374,823 | −3.1% |
2001 | 10,200,298 | −1.7% |
2011 | 9,937,628 | −2.6% |
2021 | 9,730,000 | −2.1% |
참조: 현재 헝가리의 영토를 기준으로 나타낸 것임[6] |
날짜 | 예측 인구 | 크로아티아 왕국 시절 헝가리인의 비중 |
---|---|---|
(기원후) 900 | 66%[9][11] | |
1000 | 1,000,000-1,500,000[12] | |
1060 | 500,000-550,000[8] | |
1100 | 2,000,000[10] | |
1181 | 2,600,000[10] | |
1200 | 1,000,000-1,100,000[8] | |
1222 | 2,000,000[13] | 70–80%[14][15] |
1242 | ||
1300 | ||
1348 | ||
1370 | c. 2,000,000 | 60–70%[15] (크로아티아 포함) |
1400 | ||
1490 | ||
1600 | ||
1699 | ||
1711 | ||
1720 | ||
1785-87 | 8,000,000 | |
1790 | ||
1828 | 11,495,536 | |
1830 |
| |
1837 |
| |
1846 | 12,033,399 | |
1850 | 11,600,000 |
|
1857 | 13,830,870 | 44.5%[8] |
1869 | 13,508,000 | 45.2%[56] |
1880 | 13,749,603 | 46% |
1900 | 16,838,255 | 51.4%[57] |
1910 | 18,264,533 |
인구 통계
[편집]1850-1900 합계출산율
[편집]출처: Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation.[59]
연도 | 1850 | 1851 | 1852 | 1853 | 1854 | 1855 | 1856 | 1857 | 1858 | 1859 | 1860[59] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
합계출산율 | 5.18 | 5.15 | 5.12 | 5.09 | 5.06 | 5.03 | 5 | 4.97 | 4.94 | 4.91 | 4.88 |
연도 | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 | 1870[59] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
합계출산율 | 4.85 | 5.11 | 5.41 | 5.03 | 5.11 | 5.02 | 4.64 | 5.09 | 5.12 | 5.14 |
연도 | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880[59] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
합계출산율 | 5.23 | 4.96 | 5.18 | 5.23 | 5.55 | 5.61 | 5.29 | 5.23 | 5.58 | 5.23 |
연도 | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890[59] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
합계출산율 | 5.28 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.59 | 5.48 | 5.57 | 5.41 | 5.36 | 5.35 | 4.93 |
연도 | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899 | 1900[59] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
합계출산율 | 5.2 | 4.96 | 5.25 | 5.08 | 5.48 | 5.11 | 4.97 | 4.95 | 4.62 | 4.79 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hungary_1910-2009.png/350px-Hungary_1910-2009.png)
1900-현재 출생 및 사망 통계
[편집]출처: 헝가리 중앙 통계청[65]
인구 | 출생아 수 | 사망자 수 | 자연 증감 | 조출생률 (1000명당) | 조사망률(1000명당) | 자연 증감률 (1000명당) | 합계출산율[66][67] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1900 | 6,854,000 | 268,019 | 177,363 | 90,656 | 39.4 | 27.0 | 12.4 | 5.28 |
1901 | 260,439 | 166,662 | 93,777 | 37.6 | 25.0 | 12.6 | 5.22 | |
1902 | 270,385 | 179,260 | 91,125 | 38.6 | 26.9 | 11.7 | 5.16 | |
1903 | 258,209 | 179,518 | 78,691 | 36.5 | 26.1 | 10.4 | 5.10 | |
1904 | 260,446 | 172,704 | 87,742 | 37.0 | 24.8 | 12.2 | 5.04 | |
1905 | 252,501 | 203,516 | 48,985 | 35.5 | 27.8 | 7.7 | 4.98 | |
1906 | 258,296 | 176,938 | 81,358 | 36.1 | 24.9 | 11.2 | 4.91 | |
1907 | 261,231 | 180,216 | 81,015 | 36.2 | 25.6 | 10.6 | 4.85 | |
1908 | 268,637 | 177,872 | 90,765 | 36.7 | 25.0 | 11.7 | 4.79 | |
1909 | 271,177 | 184,445 | 86,732 | 37.1 | 25.4 | 11.7 | 4.73 | |
1910 | 7,612,000 | 265,457 | 168,875 | 96,582 | 35.4 | 23.4 | 12.0 | 4.67 |
1911 | 261,375 | 184,009 | 77,366 | 34.8 | 24.8 | 10.0 | 4.59 | |
1912 | 270,804 | 172,148 | 98,656 | 36.0 | 23.0 | 13.0 | 4.50 | |
1913 | 264,418 | 174,241 | 90,177 | 34.3 | 23.2 | 11.1 | 4.42 | |
1914 | 270,690 | 176,574 | 94,116 | 34.5 | 23.4 | 11.1 | 4.34 | |
1915 | 187,734 | 189,418 | -1,684 | 23.7 | 25.3 | -1.6 | 4.26 | |
1916 | 135,443 | 159,810 | -24,367 | 16.8 | 20.9 | -4.1 | 4.17 | |
1917 | 130,817 | 163,507 | -32,690 | 16.0 | 20.7 | -4.7 | 4.09 | |
1918 | 127,894 | 207,395 | -79,501 | 15.3 | 25.7 | -10.4 | 4.01 | |
1919 | 7,860,000 | 217,431 | 157,392 | 60,039 | 27.6 | 20.0 | 7.6 | 3.93 |
1920 | 7,940,000 | 249,458 | 169,717 | 79,741 | 31.4 | 21.4 | 10.0 | 3.84 |
1921 | 8,020,000 | 255,453 | 170,059 | 85,394 | 31.8 | 21.2 | 10.6 | 3.81 |
1922 | 8,080,000 | 249,279 | 173,351 | 75,928 | 30.8 | 21.4 | 9.4 | 3.60 |
1923 | 8,170,000 | 238,971 | 159,287 | 79,684 | 29.2 | 19.5 | 9.7 | 3.39 |
1924 | 8,220,000 | 221,462 | 167,668 | 53,794 | 26.9 | 20.4 | 6.5 | 3.18 |
1925 | 8,300,000 | 235,480 | 142,150 | 93,330 | 28.3 | 17.1 | 11.2 | 3.36 |
1926 | 8,370,000 | 229,484 | 139,905 | 89,579 | 27.4 | 16.7 | 10.7 | 3.24 |
1927 | 8,490,000 | 218,548 | 150,675 | 67,873 | 25.8 | 17.8 | 8.0 | 3.05 |
1928 | 8,510,000 | 224,693 | 146,496 | 78,197 | 26.4 | 17.2 | 9.2 | 3.08 |
1929 | 8,580,000 | 215,463 | 152,847 | 62,976 | 25.1 | 17.8 | 7.3 | 2.92 |
1930 | 8,660,000 | 219,784 | 134,341 | 85,443 | 25.4 | 15.5 | 9.9 | 2.84 |
1931 | 8,730,000 | 206,925 | 144,968 | 61,957 | 23.7 | 16.6 | 7.1 | 2.84 |
1932 | 8,783,000 | 205,529 | 157,106 | 48,423 | 23.4 | 17.9 | 5.5 | 2.78 |
1933 | 8,845,000 | 193,911 | 129,913 | 63,998 | 21.9 | 14.7 | 7.3 | 2.72 |
1934 | 8,915,000 | 194,279 | 129,049 | 65,230 | 21.8 | 14.5 | 7.3 | 2.57 |
1935 | 8,980,000 | 189,479 | 136,923 | 52,556 | 21.1 | 15.2 | 5.9 | 2.55 |
1936 | 9,040,000 | 183,369 | 128,333 | 55,036 | 20.3 | 14.2 | 6.1 | 2.48 |
1937 | 9,100,000 | 182,449 | 128,049 | 54,400 | 20.0 | 14.1 | 6.0 | 2.42 |
1938 | 9,159,000 | 182,206 | 130,628 | 51,578 | 19.9 | 14.3 | 5.6 | 2.46 |
1939 | 9,217,000 | 178,633 | 124,591 | 54,042 | 19.4 | 13.5 | 5.9 | 2.50 |
1940 | 9,280,000 | 185,562 | 132,735 | 52,827 | 20.0 | 14.3 | 5.7 | 2.48 |
1941 | 9,340,000 | 177,047 | 123,349 | 53,698 | 19.0 | 13.2 | 5.7 | 2.52 |
1942 | 9,392,000 | 187,187 | 136,844 | 50,343 | 19.9 | 14.6 | 5.4 | 2.55 |
1943 | 9,440,000 | 173,295 | 127,158 | 46,137 | 18.4 | 13.5 | 4.9 | 2.55 |
1944 | 9,250,000 | 190,000 | 144,048 | 45,952 | 20.5 | 15.6 | 5.0 | 2.61 |
1945 | 9,055,000 | 169,091 | 211,323 | -42,232 | 18.7 | 23.3 | -4.7 | 2.64 |
1946 | 9,042,000 | 169,120 | 135,486 | 33,634 | 18.7 | 15.0 | 3.7 | 2.67 |
1947 | 9,093,000 | 187,316 | 117,537 | 69,779 | 20.6 | 12.9 | 7.7 | 2.70 |
1948 | 9,158,000 | 191,907 | 105,780 | 86,127 | 21.0 | 11.6 | 9.4 | 2.73 |
1949 | 9,249,000 | 190,398 | 105,718 | 84,680 | 20.6 | 11.4 | 9.2 | 2.76 |
1950 | 9,338,000 | 195,567 | 106,902 | 88,665 | 20.9 | 11.4 | 9.5 | 2.77 |
1951 | 9,423,000 | 190,645 | 109,998 | 80,647 | 20.2 | 11.7 | 8.6 | 2.76 |
1952 | 9,504,000 | 185,820 | 107,443 | 78,377 | 19.6 | 11.3 | 8.2 | 2.72 |
1953 | 9,595,000 | 206,926 | 112,039 | 94,887 | 21.6 | 11.7 | 9.9 | 2.67 |
1954 | 9,706,000 | 223,347 | 106,670 | 116,677 | 23.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 2.61 |
1955 | 9,825,000 | 210,430 | 97,848 | 112,582 | 21.4 | 10.0 | 11.5 | 2.53 |
1956 | 9,911,000 | 192,810 | 104,236 | 88,574 | 19.5 | 10.5 | 8.9 | 2.44 |
1957 | 9,840,000 | 167,202 | 103,645 | 63,557 | 17.0 | 10.5 | 6.5 | 2.34 |
1958 | 9,882,000 | 158,428 | 97,866 | 60,562 | 16.0 | 9.9 | 6.1 | 2.23 |
1959 | 9,937,000 | 151,194 | 103,880 | 47,314 | 15.2 | 10.5 | 4.8 | 2.12 |
1960 | 9,983,512 | 146,461 | 101,525 | 44,936 | 14.7 | 10.2 | 4.5 | 2.02 |
1961 | 10,027,958 | 140,365 | 96,410 | 43,955 | 14.0 | 9.6 | 4.4 | 1.94 |
1962 | 10,060,825 | 130,053 | 108,273 | 21,780 | 12.9 | 10.8 | 2.2 | 1.79 |
1963 | 10,087,947 | 132,335 | 99,871 | 32,464 | 13.1 | 9.9 | 3.2 | 1.82 |
1964 | 10,119,835 | 132,141 | 100,830 | 31,311 | 13.1 | 10.0 | 3.1 | 1.81 |
1965 | 10,147,935 | 133,009 | 108,119 | 24,890 | 13.1 | 10.7 | 2.5 | 1.82 |
1966 | 10,178,653 | 138,489 | 101,943 | 36,546 | 13.6 | 10.0 | 3.6 | 1.89 |
1967 | 10,216,604 | 148,886 | 109,530 | 39,356 | 14.6 | 10.7 | 3.9 | 2.01 |
1968 | 10,255,815 | 154,419 | 115,354 | 39,065 | 15.1 | 11.2 | 3.8 | 2.06 |
1969 | 10,298,723 | 154,318 | 116,659 | 37,659 | 15.0 | 11.3 | 3.7 | 2.03 |
1970 | 10,337,910 | 151,819 | 120,197 | 31,622 | 14.7 | 11.6 | 3.1 | 1.98 |
1971 | 10,367,537 | 150,640 | 123,009 | 27,631 | 14.5 | 11.9 | 2.7 | 1.93 |
1972 | 10,398,489 | 153,265 | 118,991 | 34,274 | 14.7 | 11.4 | 3.3 | 1.92 |
1973 | 10,432,055 | 156,224 | 123,366 | 32,858 | 15.0 | 11.8 | 3.1 | 1.93 |
1974 | 10,478,720 | 186,288 | 125,816 | 60,472 | 17.8 | 12.0 | 5.8 | 2.27 |
1975 | 10,540,525 | 194,240 | 131,102 | 63,138 | 18.4 | 12.4 | 6.0 | 2.34 |
1976 | 10,598,677 | 185,405 | 132,240 | 53,165 | 17.5 | 12.5 | 5.0 | 2.23 |
1977 | 10,648,031 | 177,574 | 132,031 | 45,543 | 16.7 | 12.4 | 4.3 | 2.15 |
1978 | 10,684,822 | 168,160 | 140,121 | 28,039 | 15.7 | 13.1 | 2.6 | 2.06 |
1979 | 10,704,152 | 160,364 | 136,829 | 23,535 | 15.0 | 12.8 | 2.2 | 2.00 |
1980 | 10,711,122 | 148,673 | 145,355 | 3,318 | 13.9 | 13.6 | 0.3 | 1.91 |
1981 | 10,711,848 | 142,890 | 144,757 | -1,867 | 13.3 | 13.5 | -0.2 | 1.87 |
1982 | 10,705,535 | 133,559 | 144,318 | -10,759 | 12.5 | 13.5 | -1.0 | 1.79 |
1983 | 10,689,463 | 127,258 | 148,643 | -21,385 | 11.9 | 13.9 | -2.0 | 1.74 |
1984 | 10,668,095 | 125,359 | 146,709 | -21,350 | 11.8 | 13.8 | -2.0 | 1.75 |
1985 | 10,648,713 | 130,200 | 147,614 | -17,414 | 12.2 | 13.9 | -1.6 | 1.85 |
1986 | 10,630,564 | 128,204 | 147,089 | -18,885 | 12.1 | 13.8 | -1.8 | 1.84 |
1987 | 10,612,741 | 125,840 | 142,601 | -16,761 | 11.9 | 13.4 | -1.6 | 1.82 |
1988 | 10,596,487 | 124,296 | 140,042 | -15,746 | 11.7 | 13.2 | -1.5 | 1.81 |
1989 | 10,481,719 | 123,304 | 144,695 | -21,391 | 11.8 | 13.8 | -2.0 | 1.80 |
1990 | 10,373,988 | 125,679 | 145,660 | -19,981 | 12.1 | 14.0 | -1.9 | 1.87 |
1991 | 10,373,400 | 127,207 | 144,813 | -17,606 | 12.3 | 14.0 | -1.7 | 1.88 |
1992 | 10,369,341 | 121,724 | 148,781 | -27,057 | 11.7 | 14.3 | -2.6 | 1.78 |
1993 | 10,357,523 | 117,033 | 150,244 | -33,211 | 11.3 | 14.5 | -3.2 | 1.69 |
1994 | 10,343,355 | 115,598 | 146,889 | -31,291 | 11.2 | 14.2 | -3.0 | 1.64 |
1995 | 10,328,965 | 112,054 | 145,431 | -33,377 | 10.8 | 14.1 | -3.2 | 1.57 |
1996 | 10,311,238 | 105,272 | 143,130 | -37,858 | 10.2 | 13.9 | -3.7 | 1.46 |
1997 | 10,290,486 | 100,350 | 139,434 | -39,084 | 9.8 | 13.5 | -3.8 | 1.38 |
1998 | 10,266,570 | 97,301 | 140,870 | -43,569 | 9.5 | 13.7 | -4.2 | 1.32 |
1999 | 10,237,530 | 94,645 | 143,210 | -48,565 | 9.2 | 14.0 | -4.7 | 1.28 |
2000 | 10,210,971 | 97,597 | 135,601 | -38,004 | 9.6 | 13.3 | -3.7 | 1.32 |
2001 | 10,187,576 | 97,047 | 132,183 | -35,136 | 9.5 | 13.0 | -3.4 | 1.31 |
2002 | 10,158,608 | 96,804 | 132,833 | -36,029 | 9.5 | 13.1 | -3.5 | 1.30 |
2003 | 10,129,552 | 94,647 | 135,823 | -41,176 | 9.3 | 13.4 | -4.1 | 1.27 |
2004 | 10,107,146 | 95,137 | 132,492 | -37,355 | 9.4 | 13.1 | -3.7 | 1.27 |
2005 | 10,087,065 | 97,496 | 135,732 | -38,236 | 9.7 | 13.5 | -3.8 | 1.30 |
2006 | 10,071,370 | 99,871 | 131,603 | -31,732 | 9.9 | 13.1 | -3.2 | 1.34 |
2007 | 10,055,780 | 97,613 | 132,938 | -35,325 | 9.7 | 13.2 | -3.5 | 1.31 |
2008 | 10,038,188 | 99,149 | 130,027 | -30,878 | 9.9 | 13.0 | -3.1 | 1.35 |
2009 | 10,022,650 | 96,442 | 130,414 | -33,972 | 9.6 | 13.0 | -3.4 | 1.32 |
2010 | 10,000,023 | 90,335 | 130,456 | -40,121 | 9.0 | 13.0 | -4.0 | 1.25 |
2011 | 9,971,727 | 88,049 | 128,795 | -40,746 | 8.8 | 12.9 | -4.1 | 1.23 |
2012 | 9,920,362 | 90,269 | 129,440 | -39,171 | 9.1 | 13.0 | -3.9 | 1.34 |
2013 | 9,893,082 | 88,689 | 126,778 | -38,089 | 9.0 | 12.8 | -3.9 | 1.34 |
2014 | 9,866,468 | 91,510 | 126,308 | -34,798 | 9.3 | 12.8 | -3.5 | 1.41 |
2015 | 9,843,028 | 91,690 | 131,697 | -40,007 | 9.3 | 13.4 | -4.1 | 1.44 |
2016 | 9,814,023 | 93,063 | 127,053 | -33,990 | 9.5 | 12.9 | -3.5 | 1.49 |
2017 | 9,787,966 | 91,577 | 131,674 | -40,097 | 9.4 | 13.5 | -4.1 | 1.49 |
2018 | 9,775,564 | 89,807 | 131,045 | -41,238 | 9.2 | 13.4 | -4.2 | 1.49 |
2019 | 9,771,141 | 89,193 | 129,603 | -40,410 | 9.1 | 13.3 | -4.1 | 1.49 |
2020 | 9,750,149 | 92,338 | 141,002 | -48,664 | 9.5 | 14.5 | -5.0 | 1.56 |
1950-현재 출생시 기대수명
[편집]기간 | 기대수명[68] |
---|---|
1950–1955 | 64.01 |
1955–1960 | ![]() |
1960–1965 | ![]() |
1965–1970 | ![]() |
1970–1975 | ![]() |
1975–1980 | ![]() |
1980–1985 | ![]() |
1985–1990 | ![]() |
1990–1995 | ![]() |
1995–2000 | ![]() |
2000–2005 | ![]() |
2005–2010 | ![]() |
2010–2015 | ![]() |
2015–2020 | ![]() |
같이 보기
[편집]각주
[편집]- ↑ “STADAT – 1.1. Population, vital statistics (1900–)”. 《portal.ksh.hu》. 2017년 9월 16일에 확인함.
- ↑ Gulyas, Veronika (2010년 10월 28일). “Hungarian Population Falls Below 10 Million”. 《The Wall Street Journal》.
- ↑ United Nations Population Division (2019년 6월 17일). “Total population, both sexes combined (thousands)”. 2021년 7월 22일에 확인함.
- ↑ United Nations Population Division (2019년 6월 17일). “Average annual rate of population change (percentage)”. 2021년 7월 22일에 확인함.
- ↑ United Nations Population Division (2019년 6월 17일). “Total fertility rate (live births per woman)”. 2021년 7월 22일에 확인함.
- ↑ Népesség a település jellege szerint, január 1. (1980–) KSH.hu
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- ↑ “Hungarian Central Statistical Office”.
- ↑ Max Roser (2014), “Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries”, 《Our World In Data, Gapminder Foundation》
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