Maharani Matilda
Maharani Matilda (c. 7 Februari 1102 – 10 September 1167), juga dikenali sebagai Maharani Maude,[nb 1] merupakan salah satu pihak menuntut takhta Inggeris semasa perang saudara dikenali sebagai the Anarchy. Paduka puteri Raja Henry I dari England, baginda berpindah ke Jerman semasa kecil apabila baginda mengahwini bakal Maharaja Suci Rom Henry V. Baginda mengembara dengan suaminya ke Itali pada tahun 1116, dimahkotakan secara kontroversial di Basilik St. Peter, dan bertindak sebagai pemangku raja empayar di Itali. Matilda dan Henry V tidak mempunyai anak, dan apabila suaminya mangkat pada tahun 1125, mahkota empayar dituntut oleh pesaingnya Lothair dari Supplinburg.
Maharani Matilda | |
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![]() Penggambaran abad ke-15 Maharani | |
Maharani Suci Rom; Permaisuri Jerman; Permaisuri Itali | |
Tenure | 7 Januari 1114 – 23 Mei 1125 |
Ratu England (dipertikai) | |
Pemerintahan | 7 April 1141 – 1148[1][2] |
Didahului oleh | Stephen (sebagai raja) |
Diikuti oleh | Stephen (sebagai raja) |
Keputeraan | s. 7 Februari 1102 Mungkin Winchester atau Sutton Courtenay, England |
Kemangkatan | 10 September 1167 (umur 65) Rouen, Perancis |
Pemakaman | Rouen Cathedral, Perancis |
Pasangan | Henry V, Maharaja Suci Rom (k. 1114; m. 1125) Geoffrey V, Count Anjou (k. 1128; m. 1151) |
Anakanda | Henry II dari England Geoffrey, Count Nantes William FitzEmpress |
Kerabat | Normandy |
Ayahanda | Henry I dari England |
Bonda | Matilda dari Scotland |
Salasilah keluarga
suntingSalasilah keluarga Matilda:[3]
Nota
sunting- ^ Maude ialah bentuk vernakular nama Matilda, dan selalu saling diguna ganti. Baginda dikenali dalam bahasa Latin sebagai Mathildis Imperatrix dan dalam bahasa Inggeris-Norman sebagai Imperatrice Mahaut.
Rujukan
sunting- ^ David Williamson (1986). Debrett's kings and queens of Britain. Webb & Bower. m/s. 51. ISBN 9780863501012.
- ^ George Palmer Putnam (1833). Chronology, Or, An Introduction and Index to Universal History, Biography, and Useful Knowledge. D. Appleton & Company. m/s. 70.
- ^ Chibnall 1991, halaman ix
Bibliografi
sunting- Amt, Emilie (1993), The Accession of Henry II in England: Royal Government Restored, 1149–1159, Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, ISBN 978-0-85115-348-3
- Barlow, Frank (1999), The Feudal Kingdom of England, 1042–1216 (ed. 5th), Harlow, UK: Pearson Education, ISBN 978-0-582-38117-9
- Beem, Charles (2009), Levin, Carole; Bucholz, R. O. (penyunting), Queens and Power in Medieval and Early Modern England, Lincoln, US: University of Nebraska Press, ISBN 978-0-8032-2968-6
- Bennett, Matthew (2000), "The Impact of 'Foreign' Troops in the Civil Wars of Stephen's Reign", dalam Dunn, Diana E. S. (penyunting), War and Society in Medieval and Early Modern Britain, Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press, ISBN 978-0-85323-885-0
- Blackburn, Mark (1994), "Coinage and Currency", dalam King, Edmund (penyunting), The Anarchy of King Stephen's Reign, Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0-19-820364-3
- Bradbury, Jim (2009), Stephen and Matilda: the Civil War of 1139–53, Stroud, UK: The History Press, ISBN 978-0-7509-3793-1
- Carpenter, David (2004), The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284, London, UK: Penguin, ISBN 978-0-14-014824-4
- Castor, Helen (2010), She-Wolves: the Women Who Ruled England Before Elizabeth, London, UK: Faber and Faber, ISBN 978-0-571-23706-7
- Chibnall, Marjorie (1991), The Empress Matilda: Queen Consort, Queen Mother and Lady of the English, London, UK: Basil Blackwell, ISBN 978-0-631-15737-3
- Chibnall, Marjorie (1999), "The Empress Matilda and her Sons", dalam Parsons, John Carmi; Wheeler, Bonnie (penyunting), Medieval Mothering, New York, US and London, UK: Garland Publishing, m/s. 279–294, ISBN 978-0-8153-3665-5
- Crouch, David (1994), "The March and the Welsh Kings", dalam King, Edmund (penyunting), The Anarchy of King Stephen's Reign, Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0-19-820364-3
- Crouch, David (2002), The Normans: The History of a Dynasty, London, UK: Hambledon Continuum, ISBN 978-1-85285-595-6
- Crouch, David (2008a), The Beaumont Twins: the Roots and Branches of Power in the Twelfth Century, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-09013-1
- Crouch, David (2008b), "King Stephen and Northern France", dalam Dalton, Paul; White, Graeme J. (penyunting), King Stephen's Reign (1135–1154), Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, ISBN 978-1-84383-361-1
- Davis, Ralph Henry Carless (1977), King Stephen (ed. 1st), London, UK: Longman, ISBN 978-0-582-48727-7
- Gillingham, John (1994), "1066 and the Introduction of Chivalry into England", dalam Garnett, George; Hudsdon, John (penyunting), Law and Government in Medieval England and Normandy: Essays in Honour of Sir James Holt, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-43076-0
- Green, Judith (2009), Henry I: King of England and Duke of Normandy, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-74452-2
- Hallam, Elizabeth M.; Everard, Judith A. (2001), Capetian France, 987–1328 (ed. 2nd), Harlow, UK: Longman, ISBN 978-0-582-40428-1
- Hanley, Catherine (2019), Matilda: Empress, Queen, Warrior, Yale, doi:10.12987/9780300245066, ISBN 978-0-300-22725-3
- Helmerichs, Robert (2001), "'Ad tutandos partriae fines': The Defense of Normandy, 1135", dalam Abels, Richard Philip; Bachrach, Bernard S. (penyunting), The Normans and Their Adversaries at War, Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, ISBN 978-0-85115-847-1
- Hollister, C. Warren (2003), Frost, Amanda Clark (penyunting), Henry I, New Haven, US and London, UK: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09829-7
- Huscroft, Richard (2005), Ruling England, 1042–1217, Harlow, UK: Pearson, ISBN 978-0-582-84882-5
- King, Edmumd (2010), King Stephen, New Haven, US: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-11223-8
- Leyser, Karl (1982), Medieval Germany and Its Neighbours, 900–1250, London, UK: Hambledon Press, ISBN 978-0-631-15737-3
- Lovelace, Timothy J. (2003), The Artistry and Tradition of Tennyson's Battle Poetry, London, UK: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-203-49079-2
- Newman, Charlotte A. (1988), The Anglo-Norman Nobility in the Reign of Henry I: the Second Generation, Philadelphia, US: University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-8138-5
- Ortenberg, Veronica (2006), In Search of the Holy Grail: the Quest for the Middle Ages, London, UK: Hambledon Continuum, ISBN 978-1-85285-383-9
- Pain, Nesta (1978), Empress Matilda: Uncrowned Queen of England, London, UK: Butler & Tanner, ISBN 978-0-297-77359-7
- Rielly, Edward J. (2000), "Ellis Peters: Brother Cadfael", dalam Browne, Ray Broadus; Kreiser, Lawrence A. (penyunting), The Detective as Historian: History and Art in Historical Crime, Bowling Green, US: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, ISBN 978-0-87972-815-1
- Songer, Marcia J. (1998), "Stephen or Maud: Brother Cadfael's Discernment", dalam Kaler, Anne K. (penyunting), Cordially Yours, Brother Cadfael, Bowling Green, US: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, m/s. 98–108, ISBN 978-0-87972-774-1
- Stringer, Keith J. (1993), The Reign of Stephen: Kingship, Warfare and Government in Twelfth-Century England, London, UK: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-01415-1CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Thompson, Kathleen (2003), "Affairs of State: the Illegitimate Children of Henry I", Journal of Medieval History, 29 (2): 129–151, doi:10.1016/S0304-4181(03)00015-0, ISSN 0304-4181
- Tolhurst, Fiona (2013), Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Translation of Female Kingship, New York, US: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-1-137-27784-8
- Vincent, Nicholas (2006), The Holy Blood: King Henry III and the Westminster Blood Relic, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-02660-4
- White, Graeme J. (2000), Restoration and Reform, 1153–1165: Recovery From Civil War in England, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-55459-6
Pautan luar
sunting- Kategori berkenaan Maharani Matilda di Wikimedia Commons
- Review of Catherine Hanley's biography
Maharani Matilda Tarikh keputeraan: Februari 1102 Tarikh kemangkatan: 10 September 1167
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Gelaran pemerintah | ||
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Didahului oleh Stephen sebagai Raja England |
Lady of the English 7 April 1141 – 1148 |
Diikuti oleh: Stephen |
Kerabat diraja Jerman | ||
Didahului oleh Constance dari Sicily |
Permaisuri Orang Rom 1114–1125 |
Diikuti oleh: Richenza dari Northeim |
Didahului oleh Eupraxia dari Kiev |
Maharani Empayar Suci Rom 1114–1125 |