Connecting Efforts to
Support Minorities in
Engineering Education
______
Komal Syed, Elizabeth T. Cady, and
Cameron H. Fletcher, Rapporteurs
Program Office
National Academy of Engineering
Proceedings of a Workshop
NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
This activity was supported by a contract between the National Academy of Sciences and Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (Grant G-2021-17071). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-71013-8
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-71013-8
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/27238
This publication is available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2023 by the National Academy of Sciences. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academies Press and the graphical logos for each are all trademarks of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Connecting Efforts to Support Minorities in Engineering Education: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/27238.
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president.
The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.
The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.
Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.
Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task.
Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies.
Rapid Expert Consultations published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are authored by subject-matter experts on narrowly focused topics that can be supported by a body of evidence. The discussions contained in rapid expert consultations are considered those of the authors and do not contain policy recommendations. Rapid expert consultations are reviewed by the institution before release.
For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo.
WORKSHOP ON CONNECTING EFFORTS TO SUPPORT MINORITIES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION PLANNING COMMITTEE
GARY S. MAY (Cochair), Chancellor, University of California, Davis
ERIC DUCHARME (Cochair), Chief Engineer, General Electric Aviation (retired)
SHAYNA BEGAY, Principal Member of Technical Staff, Sandia National Laboratories
ISABEL CARDENAS-NAVIA, Senior Director of Research, Workcred
GABRIEL NAJERA, President, Najera Consulting Group, Inc.
PAMELA HOLLAND OBIOMON, Dean, Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University
PERCY A. PIERRE, Adjunct Professor and Glenn L. Martin Endowed Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park
ADRIENNE Y. SMITH, Dean of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Holyoke Community College
Staff
ELIZABETH T. CADY, Senior Program Officer
CAMERON H. FLETCHER, Senior Editor (until May, 2023)
SHANICE JACKSON, Senior Program Assistant (until January, 2023)
KOMAL SYED, Associate Program Officer (until September, 2022)
This page intentionally left blank.
Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
LESLEY BERHAN, University of Toledo
DARIN GRAY, University of Southern California
GRACE O’CONNELL, University of California at Berkley
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by Joseph Krajcik, Michigan State University. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.
This page intentionally left blank.
Contents
2 Transitions, Pathways, and Leverage Points for Engineers of Color
3 Sponsors of Programs for Minority Engineers
4 Roadmap of Existing Programs Supporting Students of Color in Engineering Pathways
5 Focus on K-16 Education and Transitions
6 Focus on Undergraduate to Graduate Education and Beyond
7 Data Collection and Sharing: Technical, Legal, and Policy Issues
8 Collaborations Between Minority-Serving Institutions and Predominantly White Institutions
This page intentionally left blank.
Figures and Table
FIGURES
2-1 Contributing factors to differences in college preparation
2-2 Individual, institutional, and structural racial inequities
3-1 Funders and influencers of DEI in STEM higher education pathways
4-1 Engineering workforce by gender and race
TABLE
1-1 Percentage of Engineering Degrees Compared to US Population
This page intentionally left blank.
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AAAS | American Association for the Advancement of Science |
AANAPISI | Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institutions |
ACE | American Council on Education |
AGEP | Alliances for Graduate Education and the Professoriate |
AISES | American Indian Science and Engineering Society |
ASEE | American Society for Engineering Education |
ASU | Arizona State University |
BPE | Broadening Participation in Engineering |
BSU | Boise State University |
DAPCEP | Detroit Area Pre-College Engineering Program |
DEI | diversity, equity, and inclusion |
ECS | Education Commission of the States |
FG | first-generation |
FIU | Florida International University |
GEM | The National GEM Consortium |
GT | Georgia Tech |
HBCUs | Historically Black Colleges and Universities |
HCC | Holyoke Community College |
HSI | Hispanic Serving Institution |
LSAMP | Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation |
MSI | Minority Serving Institutions |
MSU | Montana State University |
NAE | National Academy of Engineering |
NAEP | National Assessment of Educational Progress |
NACME | National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering |
NCES | National Center for Education Statistics |
NSBE | National Society of Black Engineers |
NSC | National Student Clearinghouse |
NSF | National Science Foundation |
OU | University of Oklahoma |
PDP | Postsecondary Data Partnership |
PWI | predominantly White institution |
REU | Research Experiences for Undergraduates |
RJ&E | racial justice & equity |
SACNAS |
Society for the Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science |
SHPE | Society for Hispanic Professional Engineers |
SNL | Sandia National Lab |
STEM | science, technology, engineering, and medicine |
SWE | Society of Women Engineers |
TAMU | Texas A&M University |
UCEM | University Center(s) of Exemplary Mentoring |
UCI | University of California–Irvine |
VT | Virginia Tech |