GLOBAL HEALTH RISK FRAMEWORK
Resilient and Sustainable Health
Systems to Respond to Global
Infectious Disease Outbreaks
_____________
WORKSHOP SUMMARY
Anna Nicholson, Megan Reeve Snair, and Jack Herrmann, Rapporteurs
Board on Health Sciences Policy
Institute of Medicine
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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This activity was supported by Grant No. 10002589 from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Grant No. 10002593 from the Ford Foundation, Grant No. 10002605 from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Grant No. 10002606 from Mr. Ming Wai Lau, a grant from the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, Grant No. 10002603 from The Rockefeller Foundation, Contract No. 10002604 with the U.S. Agency for International Development, and Grant No. 10002596 from the Wellcome Trust. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-38114-7
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-38114-2
Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/21856
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Copyright 2016 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Global health risk framework: Resilient and sustainable health systems to respond to global infectious disease outbreaks: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21856.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON GLOBAL HEALTH RISK FRAMEWORK: A WORKSHOP ON RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE HEALTH SYSTEMS TO RESPOND TO GLOBAL INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAKS1
MICHAEL MYERS (Co-Chair), The Rockefeller Foundation, New York, NY
FRANCIS OMASWA (Co-Chair), African Centre for Global Health and Social Transformation, Kampala, Uganda
BEN ADEIZA ADINOYI, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Nairobi, Kenya
ABA BENTIL ANDAM, Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, Accra, Ghana
FREDERICK M. BURKLE, JR., Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Harvard University, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Kailua, HI
MARGARET GYAPONG, Institute of Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Ghana Health Services, Accra, Ghana
ANN MARIE KIMBALL, Centre on Global Health Security, Chatham House, Bainbridge Island, WA
MARGARET KRUK, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
GABRIEL LEUNG, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
DANIEL RYAN, Swiss Re, London, United Kingdom
JORDAN TAPPERO, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
OYEWALE TOMORI, Nigerian Academy of Science, Lagos, Nigeria
IOM Staff
JACK HERRMANN, Project Director
MEGAN REEVE SNAIR, Program Officer
BENJAMIN KAHN, Research Assistant
ANNALYN WELP, Senior Program Assistant
ANDREW M. POPE, Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy
__________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
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BOARD ON HEALTH SCIENCES POLICY1
JEFFREY KAHN (Chair), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
ELI Y. ADASHI, Brown University, Providence, RI
WYLIE BURKE, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
R. ALTA CHARO, University of Wisconsin–Madison
LINDA H. CLEVER, California Pacific Medical Center, RENEW, Mill Valley, CA
BARRY S. COLLER, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
LEWIS R. GOLDFRANK, New York University School of Medicine
BERNARD A. HARRIS, JR., Vesalius Ventures, Houston, TX
MARTHA N. HILL, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
STEVEN E. HYMAN, Stanley Center, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
ALAN M. JETTE, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
PATRICIA A. KING, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
STORY C. LANDIS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
HARRY T. ORR, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
UMAIR SHAH, Harris County Public Health & Environmental Services, Houston, TX
ROBYN STONE, Leading Age, Washington, DC
SHARON TERRY, Genetic Alliance, Washington, DC
REED V. TUCKSON, Tuckson Health Connections, LLC, Edina, MN
IOM Staff
HILARY BRAGG, Program Coordinator
ANDREW M. POPE, Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy
__________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s boards do not review or approve individual products. The responsibility for the content of the workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
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Reviewers
This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published workshop summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the workshop summary meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this workshop summary:
CELIA M. ALPUCHE ARANDA, Mexico Secretariat, National Institute of Public Health
FREDERICK M. BURKLE, JR., Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Harvard University, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
LEWIS R. GOLDFRANK, New York University School of Medicine
ANN MARIE KIMBALL, Centre on Global Health Security, Chatham House
DANIEL LÓPEZ-ACUÑA, Humanitarian Assistance and Development Cooperation, Andalusian School of Public Health
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this workshop summary was overseen by CLYDE BEHNEY, Institute of Medicine. He was responsible
for making certain that an independent examination of this workshop summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this workshop summary rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the institution.
Acknowledgments
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine staff and planning committee thank the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences for graciously hosting and supporting Global Health Risk Framework: A Workshop on Resilient and Sustainable Health Systems to Respond to Global Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Accra, Ghana, in August 2015. Specifically, the support provided by Francis P. Ankrah and Professor Aba Bentil Andam from the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences is gratefully acknowledged.
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Contents
International Health Regulations: Promoting Global Health Security
The Global Health Risk Framework Initiative
Resilience and Sustainability in Health Systems
2 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF STRONG HEALTH SYSTEMS
Fostering Cross-Sector Engagement
3 HEALTH SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING: BUILDING DAY-TO-DAY CARE AND PUBLIC HEALTH CAPACITIES
Strengthening Day-to-Day Health Care Delivery
Building Public Health Capacities in Everyday Health Systems
4 STRENGTHENING INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Health Information Systems: Highlighted Opportunities
Disease Surveillance Systems: Highlighted Opportunities
5 STRENGTHENING OUTBREAK MANAGEMENT AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEMS
Outbreak Response: Principles and Strategies
Emergency Workforce Capacity: Preparing for Surges
Increasing Workforce Capacity in Emergencies: Highlighted Opportunities
Planning Emergency Operations Strategies
Regional Cooperation and Capacity Sharing
Strengthening Everyday Health Systems in a Country
Acronyms and Abbrevations
ACHEST | African Centre for Global Health and Social Transformation |
CBI | Community-Based Initiative |
CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) |
CHPS | Community-Based Health and Planning System |
EOC | Emergency Operations Center |
EPHF | essential public health function |
ETU | Ebola treatment unit |
EVD | Ebola virus disease |
FELTP | field epidemiology and laboratory training program |
FMT | foreign medical team |
FUGI | Future Generations International |
GHSA | Global Health Security Agenda |
GOARN | Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network |
ICS | Incident Command System |
ICU | intensive care unit |
IDSR | Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response |
IHR | International Health Regulations |
LMIC | low- and middle-income country |
MERS | Middle East respiratory syndrome |
MoH | Ministry of Health |
NFP | National IHR Focal Point |
NGO | nongovernmental organization |
ODA | Official Development Aid |
OpenHIE | Open Health Information Exchange |
PHEIC | public health emergencies of international concern |
PPE | personal protective equipment |
QA | quality assurance |
RIS | routine information system |
SARS | severe acute respiratory syndrome |
SDG | Sustainable Development Goal |
SMS | short message service |
VHT | village health team |
WASH | water, sanitation, and hygiene |
WHO | World Health Organization |