ENHANCING URBAN
SUSTAINABILITY
with Data, Modeling, and Simulation
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Linda Casola, Rapporteur
Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics
Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
Computer Science and Telecommunications Board
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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This activity was supported by the George and Cynthia Mitchell Endowment for Sustainability Sciences at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-49411-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-49411-7
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25480
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Copyright 2019 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Enhancing Urban Sustainability with Data, Modeling, and Simulation: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25480.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR THE WORKSHOP ON FRONTIERS OF BIG DATA, MODELING, AND SIMULATION IN URBAN SUSTAINABILITY
ANIRUDDHA DASGUPTA, World Resources Institute, Co-Chair
KATHERINE BENNETT ENSOR, Rice University, Co-Chair
JOHN R. BIRGE, NAE,1 University of Chicago
LILIAN CORAL, John S. and James L. Knight Foundation
CHRISTINE EHLIG-ECONOMIDES, NAE, University of Houston
JEANNE HOLM, City of Los Angeles
LUCAS JOPPA, Microsoft Corporation
CONSTANTINE KONTOKOSTA, New York University
DAVID MAIER, Portland State University
JOSÉ M.F. MOURA, NAE, Carnegie Mellon University
Staff
ELIZABETH ZEITLER, Senior Program Officer, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, Workshop Director
SHENAE BRADLEY, Administrative Assistant, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board
BETH DOLAN, Financial Manager, Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics
CHRISTOPHER FU, Research Associate, Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics
MICHELLE SCHWALBE, Director, Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics
BEN A. WENDER, Director, Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics
___________________
1 Member, National Academy of Engineering.
BOARD ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND ANALYTICS
MARK L. GREEN, University of California, Los Angeles, Chair
HÉLÈNE BARCELO, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute
JOHN R. BIRGE, NAE,1 University of Chicago
W. PETER CHERRY, NAE, Independent Consultant
DAVID S.C. CHU, Institute for Defense Analyses
RONALD R. COIFMAN, NAS,2 Yale University
JAMES (JIM) CURRY, University of Colorado Boulder
SHAWNDRA HILL, Microsoft Research
LYDIA KAVRAKI, NAM,3 Rice University
TAMARA KOLDA, Sandia National Laboratories
JOSEPH A. LANGSAM, University of Maryland
DAVID MAIER, Portland State University
LOIS CURFMAN McINNES, Argonne National Laboratory
JILL C. PIPHER, Brown University
ELIZABETH A. THOMPSON, NAS, University of Washington
CLAIRE J. TOMLIN, NAE, University of California, Berkeley
LANCE A. WALLER, Emory University
KAREN E. WILLCOX, University of Texas, Austin
Staff
MICHELLE SCHWALBE, Director
SELAM ARAIA, Program Assistant
LINDA CASOLA, Associate Program Officer
BETH DOLAN, Financial Manager (until May 2019)
CHRISTOPHER FU, Research Associate (until August 2019)
ADRIANNA HARGROVE, Financial Manager (from May 2019)
TYLER KLOEFKORN, Program Officer
___________________
1 Member, National Academy of Engineering.
2 Member, National Academy of Sciences.
3 Member, National Academy of Medicine.
COMMITTEE ON APPLIED AND THEORETICAL STATISTICS
ALFRED O. HERO III, University of Michigan, Chair
ALICIA CARRIQUIRY, NAM,1 Iowa State University
RONG CHEN, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey
MICHAEL J. DANIELS, University of Florida
KATHERINE BENNETT ENSOR, Rice University
AMY H. HERRING, Duke University
TIM HESTERBERG, Google, Inc.
NICHOLAS J. HORTON, Amherst College
DAVID MADIGAN, Columbia University
XIAO-LI MENG, Harvard University
JOSÉ M.F. MOURA, NAE,2 Carnegie Mellon University
RAQUEL PRADO, University of California, Santa Cruz
NANCY M. REID, NAS,3 University of Toronto
CYNTHIA RUDIN, Duke University
AARTI SINGH, Carnegie Mellon University
ALYSON G. WILSON, North Carolina State University
Staff
TYLER KLOEFKORN, Director (from June 2019)
BEN A. WENDER, Director (until June 2019)
SELAM ARAIA, Program Assistant
LINDA CASOLA, Associate Program Officer
BETH DOLAN, Financial Manager (until May 2019)
CHRISTOPHER FU, Research Associate (until August 2019)
ADRIANNA HARGROVE, Financial Manager (from May 2019)
___________________
1 Member, National Academy of Medicine.
2 Member, National Academy of Engineering.
3 Member, National Academy of Sciences.
BOARD ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
JARED COHON, NAE,1 Carnegie Mellon University, Chair
DAVID ALLEN, NAE, University of Texas, Austin
VICKY BAILEY, Anderson Stratton Enterprises
CARLA BAILO, Center for Automotive Research
W. TERRY BOSTON, NAE, GridLiance GP, LLC, and Grid Protection Alliance
WILLIAM BRINKMAN, NAS,2 Princeton University
DEEPAKRAJ DIVAN, NAE, Georgia Institute of Technology
MARCIUS EXTAVOUR, XPRIZE
KELLY SIMS GALLAGHER, Tufts University
T.J. GLAUTHIER, T.J. Glauthier Associates, LLC
AMOS N. (NAT) GOLDHABER, Claremont Creek Ventures
BARBARA KATES-GARNICK, Tufts University
JOANN MILLIKEN, Independent Consultant
DOROTHY ROBYN, Boston University
ALEXANDER SLOCUM, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
JOHN WALL, NAE, Cummins, Inc. (retired)
ROBERT WEISENMILLER, California Energy Commission
Staff
K. JOHN HOLMES, Director/Scholar
REBECCA DeBOER, Program Assistant
MICHAELA KERXHALLI-KLEINFIELD, Research Assistant
HEATHER LOZOWSKI, Financial Manager
BEN A. WENDER, Senior Program Officer
ELIZABETH ZEITLER, Senior Program Officer
JAMES ZUCCHETTO, Senior Scientist
___________________
1 Member, National Academy of Engineering.
2 Member, National Academy of Sciences.
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS BOARD
FARNAM JAHANIAN, Carnegie Mellon University, Chair
LUIZ BARROSO, Google, Inc.
STEVEN M. BELLOVIN, NAE,1 Columbia University
ROBERT F. BRAMMER, Brammer Technology, LLC
DAVID CULLER, NAE, University of California, Berkeley
EDWARD FRANK, NAE, Cloud Parity, Inc.
LAURA HAAS, NAE, University of Massachusetts Amherst
MARK HOROWITZ, NAE, Stanford University
ERIC HORVITZ, NAE, Microsoft Corporation
VIJAY KUMAR, NAE, University of Pennsylvania
BETH MYNATT, Georgia Institute of Technology
CRAIG PARTRIDGE, Colorado State University
DANIELA RUS, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
FRED B. SCHNEIDER, NAE, Cornell University
MARGO SELTZER, NAE, University of British Columbia
MOSHE VARDI, NAS2/NAE, Rice University
Staff
JON EISENBERG, Senior Board Director
SHENAE BRADLEY, Administrative Assistant
EMILY GRUMBLING, Program Officer
RENEE HAWKINS, Financial and Administrative Manager
LYNETTE I. MILLETT, Associate Director
KATIRIA ORTIZ, Associate Program Officer
___________________
1 Member, National Academy of Engineering.
2 Member, National Academy of Sciences.
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Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by Andrew Solow, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with the standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteur and the National Academies.
___________________
1 Member, National Academy of Sciences.
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Contents
Why Is This Workshop Important?
3 ADVANCES IN DATA, MODELING, AND SIMULATION
Data, Modeling, and Simulation
Innovation in Geospatial Data Sources and Spatiotemporal Analysis
Privatization of Data and Data Privacy: Two Sides of One Coin
Data Use Experiences Across Cities
4 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CITIES
Urban Theory to Understand City Challenges and Opportunities
5 IDENTIFYING DIRECTIONS FOR PARTNERSHIP
Theme 1: Air and Water Systems