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NCHRP Research Report 1120 Pre-Publication Draftâ Subject to Revision Active Traffic Management Strategies A PLANNING AND EVALUATION GUIDE Beverly Kuhn Robert Brydia Margaret Fowler Jeffrey Shelton Ioannis Tsapakis Kevin Balke Srinivasa Sunkari Texas A&M Transportation Institute College Station, TX Lisa Burgess Maya Bouchet Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. Phoenix, AZ Submitted February 2024 DISCLAIMER The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this document are those of the researchers who performed the research. They are not necessarily those of the program sponsors; the FHWA; the Transportation Research Board; or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medi- cine. The information contained in this document was taken directly from the submission of the au- thors. This material has not been edited by the Transportation Research Board. SPECIAL NOTE: This document IS NOT an official publication of the Transportation Research Board or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. A final, edited version of this document will be released at a later date.
PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics © 2024 by the National Academy of Sciences. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the graphical logo are trademarks of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed, and implementable research is the most effective way to solve many problems facing state departments of transportation (DOTs) administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local or regional interest and can best be studied by state DOTs individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation results in increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. Recognizing this need, the leadership of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 1962 initiated an objective national highway research program using modern scientific techniquesâ the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). NCHRP is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of AASHTO and receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), United States Department of Transportation, under Agreement No. 693JJ31950003. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply endorsement by TRB and any of its program sponsors of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. DISCLAIMER To facilitate more timely dissemination of research findings, this pre-publication document is taken directly from the submission of the research agency. The material has not been edited by TRB. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this document are those of the researchers who performed the research. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; the FHWA; or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board does not develop, issue, or publish standards or specifications. The Transportation Research Board manages applied research projects which provide the scientific foundation that may be used by Transportation Research Board sponsors, industry associations, or other organizations as the basis for revised practices, procedures, or specifications. The Transportation Research Board, the National Academies, and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturersâ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. This pre-publication document IS NOT an official publication of the Cooperative Research Programs; the Transportation Research Board; or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Recommended citation: Kuhn, B., R. Brydia, M. Fowler, J. Shelton, I. Tsapakis, K. Balke, S. Sunkari, L. Burgess, and M. Bouchet. 2024. Active Traffic Management Strategies: A Planning and Evaluation Guide. Pre-publication draft of NCHRP Research Report 1120. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics
PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics Acknowledgments The work to produce this guide was performed by the Texas A&M Transportation Institute, a member of the Texas A&M University System, and Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. Gratitude is extended to the numerous individuals who provided input through engagement activities, without whose contributions this guide would not have been possible. Finally, the authors wish to offer thanks to Lisa Wagner for her unfailing dedication and creativity in making the guide a reality. PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics
PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... ix SUMMARY.................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER 1 Setting the Stage for ATM ..................................................... 1 Background ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Guide Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 2 The ATM Context ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Components of ATDM ................................................................................................................................ 8 The Bigger Picture .................................................................................................................................... 16 Chapters at a Glance ............................................................................................................................... 21 Chapter References ................................................................................................................................. 23 CHAPTER 2 Active Traffic Management Strategies ............................... 27 Chapter Highlights and Objectives.......................................................................................................... 27 ATM Defined ............................................................................................................................................. 27 ATM Strategies ......................................................................................................................................... 31 ATM Successes ........................................................................................................................................ 43 Final Remarks .......................................................................................................................................... 50 Chapter References ................................................................................................................................. 51 CHAPTER 3 Enabling ATM ....................................................................... 55 Chapter Highlights & Objectives ............................................................................................................. 55 Setting Up for ATM Success .................................................................................................................... 55 General Considerations ........................................................................................................................... 61 Final Remarks .......................................................................................................................................... 71 Chapter References ................................................................................................................................. 72 CHAPTER 4 Assessing Suitability of ATM ............................................... 75 Chapter Highlights & Objectives ............................................................................................................. 75 Feasibility and Screening Activities and Tools ....................................................................................... 77 Preparation for Feasibility and Screening .............................................................................................. 79 Assessment of Agency Policies and Capabilities ................................................................................... 84 Identification of Major Roadway Segments for ATM ............................................................................. 87 Analysis and Prioritization of Facilities and Strategies .......................................................................... 89 Estimation of Benefits and Costs............................................................................................................ 89 Other Important Considerations ............................................................................................................. 90 Final Remarks .......................................................................................................................................... 97 Chapter References ................................................................................................................................. 97 CHAPTER 5 ATM Performance & Data .................................................. 101 Chapter Highlights and Objectives....................................................................................................... 101 Basic Principles, Goals, and Objectives for ATM Performance .......................................................... 102 PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics
PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics Performance Measurement Principles ................................................................................................ 105 The Performance Measurement Process ............................................................................................ 105 Choosing Performance Measures........................................................................................................ 110 Common Performance Measures ........................................................................................................ 111 Arterial Performance Measures ........................................................................................................... 115 Understanding Data Needs .................................................................................................................. 116 Other Aspects of Data to Support Performance Measures................................................................ 118 Final Remarks ....................................................................................................................................... 121 Chapter References .............................................................................................................................. 122 CHAPTER 6 ATM Analysis, Modeling, & Simulation ............................. 125 Chapter Highlights and Objectives....................................................................................................... 125 The AMS Framework ............................................................................................................................. 126 Modeling Tools and ATM ...................................................................................................................... 131 Data Requirements ............................................................................................................................... 136 Calibrations/Validation ......................................................................................................................... 140 Performance Measures ........................................................................................................................ 144 Final Remarks ....................................................................................................................................... 148 Chapter References .............................................................................................................................. 149 CHAPTER 7 Design Considerations for ATM ......................................... 153 Chapter Highlights and Objectives....................................................................................................... 153 Context for ATM Design in Different Environments ............................................................................ 153 Physical ATM Design Considerations................................................................................................... 157 Systems & Technology-Related Design Considerations ..................................................................... 165 Final Remarks ....................................................................................................................................... 182 Chapter References .............................................................................................................................. 182 CHAPTER 8 ATM Implementation & Deployment ................................. 185 Chapter Highlights and Objectives....................................................................................................... 185 Project Delivery Considerations for ATM ............................................................................................. 186 Procurement and Scheduling............................................................................................................... 189 Stakeholder Coordination..................................................................................................................... 190 Software Development and Implementation ...................................................................................... 194 Construction .......................................................................................................................................... 196 Pilot Operations and Rollout ................................................................................................................ 198 Public Outreach and Awareness .......................................................................................................... 199 Final Remarks ....................................................................................................................................... 201 Chapter References .............................................................................................................................. 201 CHAPTER 9 ATM Operations & Maintenance ....................................... 203 Chapter Highlights and Objectives....................................................................................................... 203 ATM Operational Needs â An Operations Plan ................................................................................... 203 Daily Operations and Performance Monitoring................................................................................... 212 PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics
PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics ATM Asset Management & Maintenance ............................................................................................ 221 Final Remarks ....................................................................................................................................... 229 Chapter References .............................................................................................................................. 230 CHAPTER 10 Learning from ATM Deployments .................................... 233 Chapter Highlights and Objectives....................................................................................................... 233 Ongoing Monitoring and Longer-Term Evaluations ............................................................................ 234 New Data Sources ................................................................................................................................ 239 New Technologies ................................................................................................................................. 243 Integrating ATM Needs into Agency Business Processes .................................................................. 244 Final Remarks ....................................................................................................................................... 244 Chapter References .............................................................................................................................. 245 APPENDIX A ATM Terminology ............................................................... A-1 Overview .................................................................................................................................................. A-3 Commonly Used Acronyms ..................................................................................................................... A-3 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................... A-9 Appendix A References ......................................................................................................................... A-16 APPENDIX B ATM Strategy Fact Sheets ................................................ B-1 Adaptive Ramp Metering ........................................................................................................................ B-5 Adaptive Traffic Signal Control ............................................................................................................... B-9 Dynamic Junction Control .................................................................................................................... B-13 Dynamic Lane Reversal ....................................................................................................................... B-17 Dynamic Lane Use Control .................................................................................................................. B-20 Part-Time Shoulder Use ....................................................................................................................... B-23 Queue Warning..................................................................................................................................... B-27 Transit Signal Priority ........................................................................................................................... B-31 Variable Speed Limits .......................................................................................................................... B-35 APPENDIX C ATM Case Studies .............................................................. C-1 Texas: I-35 End-of-Queue Warning ....................................................................................................... C-3 Michigan: US-23 Flex Route .................................................................................................................. C-6 California: Dynamic Lane Arterial Assignment ..................................................................................... C-9 Ohio: I-670 Smart Lane .......................................................................................................................C-12 Nevada: Project Neon, US-15..............................................................................................................C-15 Oregon: ATM on OR217 .......................................................................................................................C-19 APPENDIX D Available Resources & Tools for ATM .............................. D-1 NCHRP, TRB, and National Academies Resources ...............................................................................D-3 USDOT, FHWA, and AASHTO Resources ................................................................................................D-6 State and Local Project Resources ..................................................................................................... D-19 International Resources ...................................................................................................................... D-22 Appendix D References ....................................................................................................................... D-23 APPENDIX E Planning & Evaluating ATM Checklists ............................ E-1 PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics
PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics ATM Institutional Capability Assessment .............................................................................................. E-3 ATM Feasibility and Screening Process ................................................................................................. E-4 ATM Goals and Objectives Selection Process ....................................................................................... E-5 ATM Regional Goals Checklist................................................................................................................ E-6 ATM Regional Goals of ATM Strategies ................................................................................................. E-7 ATM Regional Objectives of ATM Strategies ......................................................................................... E-8 ATM Desired Data Types for Preliminary ATM Screening ..................................................................... E-9 Selection of ATM Performance Measures ........................................................................................... E-10 ATM Performance Measure Targets .................................................................................................... E-12 ATM Performance Measure Data Needs ............................................................................................. E-13 ATM AMS Data Needs........................................................................................................................... E-14 ATM AMS Analysis Levels ..................................................................................................................... E-15 ATM AMS Modeling Guidelines............................................................................................................. E-16 PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics
PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics LIST OF FIGURES Page CHAPTER 1 Setting the Stage for ATM Figure 1-1. Guide organization (Source: Texas A&M Transportation Institute [TTI]) ............................. 4 Figure 1-2. Relationship of TSMO, ATDM, and ATM (Source: TTI) .......................................................... 6 Figure 1-3. The active management cycle (Source: adapted from FHWA 2023g) ................................ 7 Figure 1-4. ATDM and the trip chain (Source: adapted from FHWA 2015) ........................................... 8 Figure 1-5. Typical ATM operational strategies (Source: TTI)................................................................ 11 Figure 1-6. The active management continuum (Source: adapted from FHWA 2023g) .................... 12 Figure 1-7. ATM and integrated corridor management (Source: adapted from FHWA 2015) ........... 15 CHAPTER 2 Active Traffic Management Strategies Figure 2-1. Typical ATM operational strategies (Source: TTI)................................................................ 28 Figure 2-2. The active management continuum (Source: adapted from FHWA 2023d) .................... 29 Figure 2-3. Adaptive ramp metering on I-580, San Francisco, CA (Source: Kimley-Horn and Associates Inc. [KHA]). ............................................................................................................................. 32 Figure 2-4. Adaptive traffic signal control system, Santa Clarita, CA (Source: Santa Clarita, CA). ..... 33 Figure 2-5. Dynamic junction control signing indicating the shoulder on ramp is open for use, SR-110, Los Angeles, CA (Source: California Department of Transportation [Caltrans]). .................. 35 Figure 2-6. Dynamic junction control on SR-110, Los Angeles, CA (Source: Caltrans). ...................... 36 Figure 2-7. Dynamic reversible lane on I-30, Dallas, TX (Source: TTI). ................................................ 37 Figure 2-8. Dynamic lane reversal on FM 157, Arlington, TX (Source: TTI). ........................................ 37 Figure 2-9. Dynamic lane use control on I-15, Las Vegas, Nevada (Source: KHA). ............................ 38 Figure 2-10. Part-time shoulder use at the I-670/I-270 interchange, Columbus, Ohio (Source: ODOT) ........................................................................................................................................ 39 Figure 2-11. Queue warning work zone application on I-35, Waco, TX (Source: TTI). ......................... 40 Figure 2-12. Transit vehicles on an arterial in San Antonio, Texas (Source: TTI) ................................ 41 Figure 2-13. Variable speed limits on I-5, Seattle, WA (Source: TTI). ................................................... 42 Figure 2-14. Adaptive ramp metering, The Netherlands (Source: Mirshahi et al. 2006). .................. 45 Figure 2-15. Example of operations under speed harmonization without shoulder use (top) and with shoulder use (bottom), United Kingdom (Source: Grant 2006). ........................................... 46 Figure 2-16. Queue warning in Germany (Source: Pilz 2006). ............................................................. 47 Figure 2-17. Speed harmonization in Copenhagen, Denmark (Source: Mirshahi et al 2006)........... 48 Figure 2-18. Planned smart motorways network (Source: National Highways 2023). ....................... 49 CHAPTER 3 Enabling ATM Figure 3-1. The four levels of organization capability maturity (Source: adapted from FHWA 2015a). .......................................................................................................................................... 58 CHAPTER 4 Assessing Suitability of ATM Figure 4-1. ATM feasibility and screening process (Source: adapted from Neudorff and McCabe 2015). ....................................................................................................................................................... 77 Figure 4-2. An objectives-driven, performance-based approach to planning for ATM (Source: adapted from Neudorff and McCabe 2015). ......................................................................................... 80 Figure 4-3. Typical regional goal categories (Source: adapted from Neudorff and McCabe 2015) . 81 Figure 4-4. Goals and objectives selection process for ATM............ .................................................... 82 PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics
PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics Figure 4-5. Desired data types for preliminary ATM screening (Source: adapted from Neudorff and McCabe 2015). ................................................................................................................................. 84 Figure 4-6. Assessing agency policies and capabilities for ATM (Source: adapted from Neudorff and McCabe 2015). ................................................................................................................................. 85 Figure 4-7. Identification of major roadway segments for ATM (Source: adapted from Neudorff and McCabe 2015). ................................................................................................................................. 87 CHAPTER 5 ATM Performance & Data Figure 5-1. Stepwise methodology to identify and evaluate strategy goals. .................................... 102 Figure 5-2. 12 Principles of performance measurement. .................................................................. 105 Figure 5-3. Relationship between data type and scale of data collection. ....................................... 118 Figure 5-4. Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) performance measurement dashboard (Source: VDOT website, accessed September 26, 2023, https://dashboard.virginiadot.org). ..................................................................................................... 121 CHAPTER 6 ATM Analysis, Modeling, & Simulation Figure 6-1. Components of the AMS framework................................................................................. 126 Figure 6-2. AMS analysis levels for ATM. ............................................................................................ 131 Figure 6-3. Real-time data sources for AMS third-party travel time and speed data. ...................... 136 Figure 6-4. Historical ATM data requirements for AMS. ..................................................................... 140 Figure 6-5. Overall calibration process. ............................................................................................... 141 Figure 6-6. OD calibration framework. ................................................................................................ 143 CHAPTER 7 Design Considerations for ATM Figure 7-1. VSL application in a work zone in Utah (Source: Utah Department of Transportation) ...................................................................................................................................... 155 Figure 7-2. Dynamic and static signage on a gantry structure on I-35 in Minnesota (Source: Minnesota Department of Transportation .......................................................................................... 157 Figure 7-3. Pavement markings for shoulder lane in Michigan (Source: Michigan Department of Transportation). ................................................................................................................................ 159 Figure 7-4. Emergency pull-off on M6 in the United Kingdom (Source: Transporxtra.com) ............ 160 Figure 7-5. Gantry structure on I-15 in Las Vegas, Nevada. .............................................................. 163 Figure 7-6. Cantilever sign on I-90 over Snoqualmie Pass, Washington (Source: Washington State Department of Transportation) (Parsons Brinckerhoff et al. 2003). ....................................... 163 Figure 7-7. DMS with full color graphic display (Source: Florida Department of Transportation). .. 168 Figure 7-8. Arizona Department of Transportationâs multilane DMS (Source: Kimley-Horn). ......... 169 Figure 7-9. Lane management displays for I-15 in Las Vegas (Source: RTC SNV / Nevada DOT) (Gaisser and Schilling 2023)................................................................................................................ 171 Figure 7-10. VSL displays with supporting DMS (source: Washington State DOT). ......................... 173 CHAPTER 8 ATM Implementation & Deployment Figure 8-1. I-15 ATM, Las Vegas, Nevada (Source: KHA) ................................................................... 190 Figure 8-2. Probability and impact matrix (Source: Bolles and Fahrenkrog 2004). ......................... 198 CHAPTER 9 ATM Operations & Maintenance PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics
PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics Figure 9-1. Key Components of and ATM Operations Plan ................................................................ 204 Figure 9-2. Ohio DOT Transportation Management Center, Columbus (source: ODOT) .................. 206 Figure 9-3. Bus on shoulder operations on I-805, San Diego, CA (source: SANDAG) ...................... 209 Figure 9-4. Example of WSDOT standard operating procedureâincident conditions (WSDOT 2009). ................................................................................................................... 211 Figure 9-5. City of Austin data infused work plan (source: City of Austin). ...................................... 213 Figure 9-6. Example of WSDOT travel time display for Seattle, WA (WSDOT 2023). ....................... 214 Figure 9-7. Example of speed performance monitoring at Houston TranStar (Houston TranSTAR 2023).................................................................................................................................... 215 Figure 9-8. Example of Traffic Management Device Status Dashboard (source: City of Austin) .... 216 Figure 9-9. Ohio DOT I-670 Smart Lane shoulder inspection (source: Ohio DOT) ........................... 218 CHAPTER 10 Learning from ATM Deployments None. APPENDIX A ATM Terminology None. APPENDIX B ATM Strategy Fact Sheets Figure B-1. Adaptive ramp metering illustration. .................................................................................. B-8 Figure B-2. Adaptive traffic signal control illustration. ...................................................................... B-12 Figure B-3. Adaptive traffic signal control illustration. ...................................................................... B-16 Figure B-4. Dynamic lane reversal illustration. .................................................................................. B-19 Figure B-5. Dynamic lane use control illustration. ............................................................................. B-22 Figure B-6. Part-time shoulder use illustration. ................................................................................. B-26 Figure B-7. Queue warning illustration. .............................................................................................. B-30 Figure B-8. Transit signal priority illustration. .................................................................................... B-34 Figure B-9. Variable speed limits illustration. .................................................................................... B-38 APPENDIX C Case Studies None. APPENDIX D Available Resources and Tools for ATM None. APPENDIX E Planning and Evaluating ATM Checklists None. PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics
PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics LIST OF TABLES Page CHAPTER 1 Setting the Stage for ATM Table 1-1. Example ADM deployments in the United States (Source: adapted from FHWA 2023a) ... 9 Table 1-2. Example APM deployments in the United States (Source: adapted from FHWA 2023b) . 10 Table 1-3. ATM strategies and potential benefits for multimodal applications................................... 17 CHAPTER 2 Active Traffic Management Strategies Table 2-1. Active management continuum for ATM strategies............................................................. 30 CHAPTER 3 Enabling ATM Table 3-1. The six dimensions of organizational capability maturity (Source: adapted from FHWA 2023c) ...................................................................................................................................................... 59 Table 3-2. Practical implementation considerations ............................................................................. 62 Table 3-3. Example transportation agency partnerships in the U.S. .................................................... 65 Table 3-4. Potential ATM systems and elements eligible for federal funding ..................................... 70 CHAPTER 4 Assessing Suitability of ATM Table 4-1. Policy and regulation considerations for ATM strategies. ................................................... 86 Table 4-2. Essential and preferable elements for ATM strategies (Source: adapted from Levecq et al. 2011).................................................................................................................................. 88 Table 4-3. Relevant arterial considerations for ATM across guide topics. .......................................... 93 Table 4-4. Relevant integration considerations for ATM across guide topics. .................................... 96 CHAPTER 5 ATM Performance & Data Table 5-1. Average condition performance measures (Source: adapted from Lomax et al. 2013). .................................................................................................................................................... 112 Table 5-2. Travel time reliability performance measures (Source: adapted from Lomax et al. 2013) .................................................................................................................................................... 113 Table 5-3. Throughput congestion performance measures (Source: adapted from Lomax et al. 2013). .................................................................................................................................................... 113 Table 5-4. Safety performance measures (Source: adapted from Lomax et al. 2013). .................. 114 Table 5-5. Incident condition performance measures (Source: adapted from Lomax et al. 2013). .................................................................................................................................................... 114 Table 5-6. Work zone, weather, and event performance measures (Source: adapted from Lomax et al. 2013)................................................................................................................................ 115 CHAPTER 6 ATM Analysis, Modeling, & Simulation Table 6-1. Applicability of modeling tools for analysis of ATM strategies. ........................................ 133 Table 6-2. Applications of modeling (Source: Yelchuro et al. 2013) ................................................. 135 Table 6-3. Performance measures per ATM strategy for corridor-level analysis. ............................. 145 Table 6-4. Building blocks of performance measurement systems (Source: adapted from Zegeer et al. 2014). .............................................................................................................................. 147 Table 6-5. Performance measures per ATM strategy for regional-level analysis. ............................ 148 CHAPTER 7 Design Considerations for ATM Table 7-1. Example of units of information on a DMS (Source: MUTCD Table 2L-1) (FHWA 2012a). ...................................................................................................................................... 167 PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics
PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics Table 7-2. Description of example algorithms (Mizuta et al. 2014). ................................................ 176 CHAPTER 8 ATM Implementation & Deployment Table 8-1. Alternate project delivery methods (Source: Kuhn et al. 2017). .................................... 187 Table 8-2. Coordination partners and activities. ............................................................................... 192 CHAPTER 9 ATM Operations & Maintenance Table 9-1. TSMO staff positions applicable to ATM program. ............................................................ 207 Table 9-2. Standard operating procedures of WSDOT ATM system under failure conditions (WSDOT 2009). ..................................................................................................................................... 210 Table 9-3. Strategies, data, and implementation processes. ........................................................... 222 Table 9-4. Advantages and disadvantages of using in-house versus contracted services for different maintenance activities (Vick and Sumner 2002). ............................................................... 225 CHAPTER 10 Learning from ATM Deployments None. APPENDIX A ATM Terminology Table A-1. Glossary of terms and definitions. ....................................................................................... A-9 APPENDIX B ATM Strategy Fact Sheets Table B-1. Information contained on ATM strategy fact sheets and tips for use ............................... B-3 APPENDIX C Case Studies None. APPENDIX D Available Resources and Tools for ATM None. APPENDIX E Planning and Evaluating ATM Checklists None. PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics
PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics SUMMARY Persistent congestion and safety concerns continue to challenge transportation professionals in the United States and around the world. Both recurring and non-recurring congestion continue to increase, leading to longer delays, higher fuel consumption, greater environmental impacts, reduced productivity, and more crashes. Agencies recognize their inability to add capacity and enhance the safety of their transportation networks quickly and cost-effectively. Thus, they rely on transportation systems operations and management strategies to mitigate mobility and reliability impacts. Over the past few decades, many success stories and advances in freeway management, arterial management, and regional coordination have emerged. Today, most agencies have detection levels and operational capabilities that would have been unimaginable 30 years ago, and these capabilities can be leveraged for a wide variety of approaches to improve mobility and safety. Transportation professionals acknowledge the importance of identifying appropriate active traffic management (ATM) strategies for potential implementation in their jurisdictions. Successful examples from Europe and deployments in the United States have spurred increased interest in ATM applications across the country. However, as agencies consider these strategies, they face the following fundamental questions that must be answered quickly and efficiently to identify which strategies to advance: ⢠How can agencies incorporate ATM strategies into regional plans and optimize projects to meet regional mobility goals? ⢠What facilities or corridors are best suited for ATM strategies in the region? ⢠How can the available ATM strategies be analyzed? ⢠Does a combination of ATM strategies yield additive benefits? ⢠What are the potential benefits of ATM? ⢠What are the best ways to engage the public in the discussion about new operating strategies? ⢠What will select ATM strategies cost in the near and long term? ATM is the ability to manage recurrent and non-recurrent congestion, both dynamically and proactively, on an entire facility based on real-time or predicted traffic conditions. Focusing on trip reliability, ATM strategies maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of a facility while increasing throughput and enhancing safety. ATM strategies rely on the use of integrated systems with new technologies, including comprehensive sensor systems, real-time data collection and analysis, and automated dynamic deployment to optimize system performance quickly and, in some cases, without the delay that occurs when operators must deploy operational strategies manually. When various ATM strategies are implemented in combination, they can work to fully optimize the existing infrastructure and provide measurable benefits to the transportation network and the motoring public. One of the benefits of these new systems is that they allow for the dynamic or real- time automated operation of traffic management strategies that more quickly respond to changing conditions as they occur. The strategies included in this guide, while not exhaustive, are adaptive PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics
PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics ramp metering, adaptive traffic signal control, dynamic junction control, dynamic lane reversal, dynamic lane use control, part-time shoulder use, queue warning, transit signal priority, and variable speed limits. These strategies form the foundation of the ATM concept. In addition to improving daily operations on the network, ATM can play a role in addressing the larger challenges facing agencies, including safety, sustainability and resilience, and equity. The following sections provide a brief look at how ATM can support initiatives to improve transportation options for the traveling public and the impacts of the network on the quality of life for communities. The intent of this guide is to provide planning and evaluation guidelines to transportation agencies so they can easily identify the appropriate path forward with ATM strategies suited to their regional needs and characteristics. Agencies considering ATM will be able to identify appropriate performance goals and measures for planned projects and select ATM strategies to consider for those projects. They will also be able to select the appropriate analysis tool(s) to evaluate the likely impacts of those projects and plan for the collection of field performance data and analysis of that data for performance-based planning and operations. Additionally, they will be better prepared during the project development and implementation processes by knowing appropriate budgetary and staffing needs for ATM operations and maintenance and being aware of critical institutional factors that can either be instrumental to success or derail a project. Agencies need beneficial information and guidelines related to ATM in all areas and levels of transportation planning. They need resources that directly link the transportation planning and programming process with operations to assess which operational strategies they might include in regional transportation planning that have the potential to provide the most benefit to the regional transportation network. Furthermore, agencies need resources that highlight the major attributes of candidate corridors that help determine if any ATM strategy or combination of strategies is suitable and appropriate, as well as how they can help an agency best respond to the mobility, safety, and environmental needs of the corridor and the broader community. It is the intent of the guide to deliver such resources to maximize the potential positive impacts of ATM across the country. The intended audiences for this guide include planning, design, and operations practitioners primarily involved in implementing and operating active traffic management strategies on freeways and arterial streets. Specific agencies include, but are not limited to, federal, state, and local planning and implementing agencies; metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs); departments of transportation (DOTs); state, local, and regional toll and mobility agencies; transit agencies; municipalities; enforcement entities; maintenance and maintenance service entities; consultants; and any other stakeholder groups in a region who have a vested interested in the safety and mobility of the traveling public. PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFTâUnedited Text and Graphics
