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ACRP Web-Only Document 61 |
Planning for Future
Electric Vehicle Growth
at Airports
Geoff Morrison
Rex Hazelton
Grant Bennett
The Cadmus Group LLC
Arlington, VA
Mia Stephens
Mia Stephens LLC
Arlington, VA
Kate Andrus
Mead & Hunt
Denver, CO
Maranda Thompson
Krista Robertson
Mead & Hunt
Windsor, CA
Angela Archibeque
Mead & Hunt
Dallas, TX
Sara Kaplan
HMMH
Detroit, MI
Planning Guide Developed for ACRP Project 03-71
Submitted April 2024
ACRP
Web-Only Document 61
Planning for Future Electric Vehicle Growth at Airports
A Geoff Morrison
Rex Hazelton
Grant Bennett
The Cadmus Group LLC
Arlington, VA
Mia Stephens
Mia Stephens LLC
Arlington, VA
Kate Andrus
Mead & Hunt
Denver, CO
Maranda Thompson
Krista Robertson
Mead & Hunt
Windsor, CA
Angela Archibeque
Mead & Hunt
Dallas, TX
Sara Kaplan
HMMH
Detroit, MI
Planning Guide Developed for ACRP Project 03-71
Submitted April 2024
© 2024 by the National Academy of Sciences. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the graphical logo are trademarks of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It was conducted through the Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein.
Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, APTA, FAA, FHWA, FTA, GHSA, or NHTSA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP.
Epub ISBN: 978-0-309-72376-3
DISCLAIMER
The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; or the program sponsors.
The Transportation Research Board does not develop, issue, or publish standards or specifications. The Transportation Research Board manages applied research projects which provide the scientific foundation that may be used by Transportation Research Board sponsors, industry associations, or other organizations as the basis for revised practices, procedures, or specifications.
The Transportation Research Board, the National Academies, and the sponsors of the Airport Cooperative Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report.
The information contained in this document was taken directly from the submission of the author(s). This material has not been edited by TRB.
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COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS
CRP STAFF FOR ACRP WEB-ONLY DOCUMENT 61
Waseem Dekelbab, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Marci A. Greenberger, Manager, Airport Cooperative Research Program
Matthew J. Griffin, Senior Program Officer
Brittany Summerlin-Azeez, Senior Program Assistant
Natalie Barnes, Director of Publications
Heather DiAngelis, Associate Director of Publications
Kathleen Mion, Assistant Editor
ACRP PROJECT 03-71 PANEL
Field of Policy and Planning
Katie Zarachowicz, City and County of Denver, Denver, CO (Chair)
Janet Birch, Alaska Airlines, Seattle, WA
Adam Cohen, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
Kingsley Coppinger, City of Austin (TX) Department of Aviation, Austin, TX
Jonathan Peter Ells, ERG, Boston, MA
Andrew Jones, Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Atlanta, GA
Jacqueline Kuzio, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Bryan, TX
Mike Branum, FAA Liaison
Christopher J. Oswald, Airports Council International–North America Liaison
Contents
Chapter 1. Fundamental Topics on EV Charging
What are the elements of charging infrastructure?
What types of connectors are used for EV charging?
What are the types of EVSE and when is each used?
What are public and private chargers?
What are networked or smart chargers?
What are the use cases for charging infrastructure at airports?
Chapter 2. Advanced Topics on EV Charging
What are best practices for siting EV charging locations at airports?
What are specific considerations for siting airside EVSE?
How should facility managers select the number and type of chargers?
How can airports “futureproof” charging infrastructure?
Who owns and operates charging infrastructure?
What maintenance do charging stations require?
What is load shape and why does it matter?
What are demand charges and why are they important?
What is demand response for EV charging?
Chapter 3. Estimating EV Adoption, Charging Need, and EV Load
How can airport planners estimate the future number of passenger and employee EVs?
How can airport planners estimate the optimal number of chargers?
How do regulatory drivers influence EV adoption?
How can airport planners estimate electrical load from EV charging?
Chapter 4. Steps to Install Charging Infrastructure
What is the process for airports to install charging infrastructure?
1. Assess Needs and Develop Project Scope
4. Determine Ownership Model and Select Partners
5. Develop Preliminary Site Design
7. Complete Site Construction and Commissioning
8. Charger Operations and Maintenance (O&M)
Chapter 5. Navigating Federal, State, and Local Requirements
What are FAA planning requirements related to charger installations?
What are other Federal requirements for charger installations?
Americans with Disabilities Act Considerations
What are state and local considerations for charger installations?
Wayfinding and Station Signage Requirements
Chapter 6. Funding Charging Infrastructure
Chapter 7. Metrics for Tracking Charger Deployment
What data should be tracked to monitor the performance of chargers?
What are the sources of data that can be used to track performance?
Chapter 8. Resiliency, Emergency Management, and Training
What is the impact of EV charging on resiliency planning?
Distributed Renewable Generation
What training is required for emergency response?
PROJECT #1: Calculator for Charging Infrastructure Costs and Electricity Load
PROJECT #2: Guide on Utility Coordination and Energy Master Planning
