Formulas and Functions Help
- Welcome
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- ACCRINT
- ACCRINTM
- BONDDURATION
- BONDMDURATION
- COUPDAYBS
- COUPDAYS
- COUPDAYSNC
- COUPNUM
- CUMIPMT
- CUMPRINC
- CURRENCY
- CURRENCYCODE
- CURRENCYCONVERT
- CURRENCYH
- DB
- DDB
- DISC
- EFFECT
- FV
- INTRATE
- IPMT
- IRR
- ISPMT
- MIRR
- NOMINAL
- NPER
- NPV
- PMT
- PPMT
- PRICE
- PRICEDISC
- PRICEMAT
- PV
- RATE
- RECEIVED
- SLN
- STOCK
- STOCKH
- SYD
- VDB
- XIRR
- XNPV
- YIELD
- YIELDDISC
- YIELDMAT
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- AVEDEV
- AVERAGE
- AVERAGEA
- AVERAGEIF
- AVERAGEIFS
- BETADIST
- BETAINV
- BINOMDIST
- CHIDIST
- CHIINV
- CHITEST
- CONFIDENCE
- CORREL
- COUNT
- COUNTA
- COUNTBLANK
- COUNTIF
- COUNTIFS
- COVAR
- CRITBINOM
- DEVSQ
- EXPONDIST
- FDIST
- FINV
- FORECAST
- FREQUENCY
- GAMMADIST
- GAMMAINV
- GAMMALN
- GEOMEAN
- HARMEAN
- INTERCEPT
- LARGE
- LINEST
- LOGINV
- LOGNORMDIST
- MAX
- MAXA
- MAXIFS
- MEDIAN
- MIN
- MINA
- MINIFS
- MODE
- NEGBINOMDIST
- NORMDIST
- NORMINV
- NORMSDIST
- NORMSINV
- PERCENTILE
- PERCENTRANK
- PERMUT
- POISSON
- PROB
- QUARTILE
- RANK
- SLOPE
- SMALL
- STANDARDIZE
- STDEV
- STDEVA
- STDEVP
- STDEVPA
- TDIST
- TINV
- TTEST
- VAR
- VARA
- VARP
- VARPA
- WEIBULL
- ZTEST
- Copyright
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Functions overview
A function is a named operation that you can include in a formula to perform calculations, retrieve information, or manipulate data. For example, PRODUCT is a function used to multiply values.
Each function has a name followed by one or more arguments. You use arguments to provide the values that the function needs to perform its work. For example, SUM has just one argument, value, which represents the cells or number values for which you want the sum. Arguments have a value type, like number value or string value.
Functions are described using specific syntax elements and terms. Here are some things to keep in mind:
Function names are shown in all uppercase text (such as QUOTIENT). However, if you enter a function name by hand, you can enter it using any combination of uppercase or lowercase letters.
When entering functions by hand, you must enclose the function arguments in parentheses. For example, =SUM(7,5,4,8).
Dark gray argument tokens are required; light gray tokens are optional arguments.
The syntax descriptions for functions use commas to separate arguments. If you’ve adjusted your settings to use the comma as a decimal separator, separate arguments using a semicolon instead of a comma when typing functions by hand.
To learn more about adding formulas to cells, see Formulas overview and Add and edit formulas. For specific instructions on how to accomplish tasks in Numbers, Pages, or Keynote, see the user guide for that app.