Забони русӣ дар Исроил
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Haifa%2C_Israel_bilingual_sign.jpg/220px-Haifa%2C_Israel_bilingual_sign.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Languages_of_Israel.jpeg/220px-Languages_of_Israel.jpeg)
Забони русӣ дар Исроил Аз ҷониби шумораи зиёди шахсон истифода мешавад, ки шумораи нотиқон он дар соли 1989 20 фоизи аҳолиро ташкил мидод. Аксари онҳо муҳоҷироне буданд, ки дар авоили солҳои 1990 ва баъд аз он аз Иттиҳоди Шӯравии собиқ ба Исроил омадаанд.
Забони русӣ яке аз маъмултарин забонҳои хориҷӣ дар Исроил аст ва ҳамарӯза дар бисёр ҷанбаҳои зиндагӣ истифода мешавад. Забони русӣ бузургтарин забони модарии ғайрирасмӣ дар Исроил аст. Ҳукумат ва корхонаҳо аксар вақт ба забони русӣ маълумот пешниҳод мекунанд ва ҳатто дар баъзе минтақаҳое ки шумораи зиёди муҳоҷирони яҳудиёни рус доранд, забони русӣ нимрасмист.
Дар соли 2013 пас аз фурӯпошии Иттиҳоди Шӯравӣ 1 миллиону 231 ҳазору 303 нафар аз кишварҳои пасошӯравӣ ба Исроил муҳоҷират кардаанд. Дар соли 2017 аз шумораи умумии аҳолии 8,7 миллион нафар исроилиёни русзабон тақрибан 1,5 миллион нафар буданд.
Эзоҳ
[вироиш | вироиши манбаъ]- Allan Jones, Clive (1996). Soviet Jewish Aliyah, 1989-1992: Impact and Implications for Israel and the Middle East. Psychology Press. ISBN 0-7146-4625-3.
- Baker, Colin; Jones, Sylvia Prys (1998). Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. ISBN 978-1-85359-362-8.
- Dowty, Alan (2004). Critical issues in Israeli society. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-97320-9.
- Eisen, Yosef (2004). Miraculous Journey: A Complete History of the Jewish People from Creation to Present. Targum Press. ISBN 1-56871-323-1.
- Gordon, Haim (2007). Israel today. New York: Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-7825-8.
- Isurin, Ludmila (2011). Russian Diaspora Culture, Identity, and Language Change. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, Inc. ISBN 978-1-934078-45-7.
- LeVine, Mark; Shafir, Gershon (2012). Struggle and Survival in Palestine/Israel. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-95390-1.
- Pokorn, Nike K. , Daniel Gile, Gyde Hansen (2010). Why translation studies matter. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co. ISBN 9789027224347.
- Rebhun, Uzi; Waxman, Chaim I. (2004). Jews in Israel: contemporary social and cultural patterns. Hanover: Brandeis University. ISBN 978-1-58465-327-1.
- Spolsky, Bernard; Shohamy, Elana (1999). The languages of Israel: policy, ideology, and practice. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. ISBN 978-1-85359-451-9.
- Total Immigration to Israel by Select Country by Year.
- Druckman. CBS: 27% of Israelis struggle with Hebrew (21 January 2013). Проверено 1 июни 2013.
- Estrin. Back from the USSR (2 January 2013). Проверено 23 октябри 2013.
- Reeves. On Multiple Fronts, Russian Jews Reshape Israel (2 January 2013). Проверено 23 октябри 2013.
- Sherwood. 'Russian vote' in Israel integrates into political mainstream (January 18, 2013). Проверено 7 июли 2013.
- Halbfinger. Israeli Law Declares the Country the 'Nation-State of the Jewish People' (21 Jul 2018). Проверено 21 июли 2018.
- Lis. Israel Passes Controversial Jewish Nation-state Bill After Stormy Debate, Haaretz (19 июли 2018). Проверено 26 июли 2018.
- Голубович. К визиту Нетаньяху: что Россия может получить от экономики Израиля(рус.). Forbes Russia (9 Mar 2017).
- Data of population in the city of Ashdod (Hebrew) (Word). The Center for Research and Information, Knesset (April 17, 2001). 21 сентябри 2007 санҷида шуд. Баргирифта аз сарчашмаи аввал 27 сентябри 2007.
- Rotem. An angel in the 'Russian ghetto' (July 17, 2001). Проверено 7 июли 2013.
- Nahshon. The "Russian Power" in Israel. Проверено 7 июли 2013.
- Kanevsky. Why Russian Israelis vote right (January 18, 2013). Проверено 7 июли 2013.
- Allan Jones, Clive (1996). Soviet Jewish Aliyah, 1989-1992: Impact and Implications for Israel and the Middle East. Psychology Press. ISBN 0-7146-4625-3.
- Baker, Colin; Jones, Sylvia Prys (1998). Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. ISBN 978-1-85359-362-8.
- Dowty, Alan (2004). Critical issues in Israeli society. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-97320-9.
- Eisen, Yosef (2004). Miraculous Journey: A Complete History of the Jewish People from Creation to Present. Targum Press. ISBN 1-56871-323-1.
- Gordon, Haim (2007). Israel today. New York: Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-7825-8.
- Isurin, Ludmila (2011). Russian Diaspora Culture, Identity, and Language Change. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, Inc. ISBN 978-1-934078-45-7.
- LeVine, Mark; Shafir, Gershon (2012). Struggle and Survival in Palestine/Israel. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-95390-1.
- Pokorn, Nike K. , Daniel Gile, Gyde Hansen (2010). Why translation studies matter. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co. ISBN 9789027224347.
- Rebhun, Uzi; Waxman, Chaim I. (2004). Jews in Israel: contemporary social and cultural patterns. Hanover: Brandeis University. ISBN 978-1-58465-327-1. Unknown parameter
|url-access=
ignored (help) - Spolsky, Bernard; Shohamy, Elana (1999). The languages of Israel: policy, ideology, and practice. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. ISBN 978-1-85359-451-9.
- Total Immigration to Israel by Select Country by Year.
- Druckman, Yaron. CBS: 27% of Israelis struggle with Hebrew (21 January 2013).
- Estrin, Daniel. Back from the USSR (2 January 2013).
- Reeves, Philip. On Multiple Fronts, Russian Jews Reshape Israel (2 January 2013).
- Sherwood, Harriet. 'Russian vote' in Israel integrates into political mainstream (January 18, 2013).
- Halbfinger, David. Israeli Law Declares the Country the 'Nation-State of the Jewish People' (21 Jul 2018).
- Israel Passes Controversial Jewish Nation-state Bill After Stormy Debate, Haaretz (19 июли 2018).
- Голубович, Алексей К визиту Нетаньяху: что Россия может получить от экономики Израиля(рус.). Forbes Russia (9 Mar 2017).
- Data of population in the city of Ashdod (Hebrew) (Word). The Center for Research and Information, Knesset (April 17, 2001).
- Rotem, Tamar. An angel in the 'Russian ghetto' (July 17, 2001).
- Nahshon, Gad. The "Russian Power" in Israel.
- Kanevsky, Yevgeny. Why Russian Israelis vote right (January 18, 2013).