Generalists & Specialists
Chief Kindness Officer | Foresight Practitioner | Sustainability | Design Thinking specialist | Materials Selection expert | Innovation Consultant | Contributor @The Carbon Almanac
Adam Grant shared this image in the past days when the Olympic Games began in Paris. Both together reminded me of many of the presentations I gave since 2018 about: - innovation and kindness, - generalists and specialists both at work and sport, - and the art of zooming in to show details or zooming out to catch the landscapes, as I learned from my passion for photography. Some of you listened to me, and I remember surprised people, questions and great discussions around those topics. In the coming days I am going to write a new article putting together some fresh perspectives I thought about and I never collected all together. Before that, I start from a quick recap of David J. Epstein's book, RANGE, the most relevant book I read about Generalists and Specialists, starting from that declaration on the cover page, ‘How Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World', which often raises suspicion and disagreement among those I've recommended the book to, with many responding similarly: “We don't need more know-it-alls.” Epstein's book underscores how our times continue to favor the pursuit and production of increasingly specialized expertise. Many see specialization as a quick fix for managing the complexity of today's world, however, breaking down complexity into simple, understandable components often leads to the realization that solving individual problems doesn't equate to solving the initial complex issue. The book clarifies the misconceptions surrounding generalists, often mistaken for the much-maligned “jack-of-all-trades.” A generalist is not a know-it-all, any more than a specialist is when placed in the wrong environment. Generalists are shown to be the most suitable "specialists" for tackling new, wicked problems, where specialists are prone to take bad decision and make tragic errors. One particularly interesting example involves firefighters, drawing on Gary Klein's studies on Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM). Klein's research found that specialists, like chess players and firefighters, can make quick, intuitive decisions in familiar situations, relying on past experiences. However, when faced with actual unfamiliar scenarios (e.g., a high-rise fire), their usual intuitive responses fail, leading to potential mistakes. In a world increasingly populated by specialists, it's vital to remember the value of range. Broad-minded individuals are essential in navigating new, uncertain, and innovative situations. “And he refused to specialize in anything, preferring to keep an eye on the overall estate rather than any of its parts. ... And Nikolay’s management produces the most brilliant results.” Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace #kindinnovation