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معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ برائے اردو و ہندی

آزاد دائرۃ المعارف، ویکیپیڈیا سے

مندرجہ ذیل جدول بین الاقوامی صوتیاتی ابجد کی اردو اور ہندی کے تلفظ کی ترجمانی کرتا ہے۔

حروف صحیح
بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ ہندی اردو انگریزی مساوی
b ب abash
bʱ بھ abhor
[1] د dull
ʱ [1] دھ without
ɖ [1] ڈ guard
ɖʱ [1] ڈھ guardhouse
ج hedge
ʱ جھ hedgehog
f फ़ ف Phantom
ɡ گ agate
ɡʱ گھ pigheaded
h ح، ه head
ɦ ahead
j ی yak
k ک scan
kʰ کھ can
l ل leaf
m م much
n ن not
ɳ ن burner
ŋ ن bank
p پ span
pʰ پھ naphtha
(in this case, ph is not pronounced as 'f')
q क़ ق a k in the throat
(Urdu; often [k] in Hindi)
r ر trilled r
ɽ ड़ ڑ US: larder
ɽʱ ढ़ ڑھ as [ɽ] plus h; approximated by the US: warhead
s ث، س، ص sue
ʂ ش/س worship
ʃ ش shoe
[1] ت، ط think
ʰ [1] تھ thought
ʈ [1] ٹ art
ʈʰ [1] ٹھ artist
چ catch
ʰ چھ choose
ʋ[2] و varies between w and v
x ख़ خ Bach
(Urdu; often [kʰ] in Hindi)
ɣ ग़ غ similar to a French r
(Urdu; often [ɡ] in Hindi). Close to uvular flap.
z ज़ ذ، ز، ض، ظ zen
ʒ झ़ ژ pleasure, azure
حروف علت
بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ ہندی اردو انگریزی مساوی
आ, पा آ, بَا father
ए, पे اے، بے between yell and Yale
ɛː ऐ, पै اَے، بَے fairy
ə [3] अ, प اَ، بَ about
[4] ई, पी اِی، بِی feet
ɪ [4] इ, पि اِ، بِ bill
ओ, पो او، بو old
ɔː औ, पौ اَو، بَو horse
[4] ऊ, पू اُو، بُو loot
ʊ [4] उ, पु اُ، بُ look
 ̃ ـں nasal vowel
([ãː], [õː], etc.)


Suprasegmentals
IPA
ˈ stress
(placed before stressed syllable)
ː doubled consonant

نوٹس

[ترمیم]
  1. ^ ا ب پ ت ٹ ث ج چ To an English ear, [t̪ t̪ʰ ʈ ʈʰ] all sound like /t/, and [d̪ d̪ʱ ɖ ɖʱ] all sound like /d/. However, to a Hindi-Urdu speaker's ear these are very different sounds. [t̪ d̪] are like Spanish or French [t d], with the tongue touching the teeth, and [t̪ʰ d̪] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English /θ ð/ (the th sounds). Hindi-Urdu [ʈ ɖ] are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth, and [ʈʰ ɖ] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English t d; [ʈ] is how they hear English t after s.
  2. [v], [w] and intermediate [ʋ] are allophonic in Hindi-Urdu. Some words, such as vrat ('व्रत', fast), are pronounced with [v] and others, such as pakwan ('पकवान', food dish), are pronounced with [w].
  3. /ɛ/ occurs as a conditioned allophone of /ə/ in proximity of an /h/, if /h/ is surrounded on both sides by schwas. Mostly, the second schwa undergoes syncopation and the resultant is just an /ɛ/ preceding an /h/.
  4. ^ ا ب پ ت /iː, ɪ/ and /uː, ʊ/ are neutralized to [i, u] at the end of a word.