Photoplay
Photoplay | |
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Sohasi | Kino sohasi bo'yicha |
Davriyligi | 1911-yildan 1980-yilgacha |
Tili | Ingliz tili |
Nashriyot (mamlakat) | Macfadden Publications (AQSh) |
Photoplay - Amerika kino sohasini yoritib beruvchi birinchi jurnallaridan biri. U 1911-yilda Chikagoda, J. Styuart Blekton tomonidan "Motion Picture Story " jurnaliga asos solingan yili tashkil etilgan edi. Ko'p vaqt davomida Photoplay "Macfadden" nashriyoti tomonidan nashr etilgan. 1921-yilda Photoplay birinchi yillik kino mukofotini ta'sis etdi. Jurnal 1980-yilda nashr etilishi to'xtatildi.
Tarixi
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Photoplay o'sha paytdagi filmlarning syujetlari va qahramonlari bilan bog'liq bo'lgan qisqa fantastika jurnali sifatida nashr etilishi boshlangan va bu jurnal filmlar uchun reklama vositasiga aylanib qolgan. 1915-yilda Julian Jonson va Jeyms R. Quirk jurnalning bosh muharrirlari bo'lishdi (Quirk jurnal yaratilganidan beri vitse-prezident bo'lgan edi) va ular birgalikda deyarli barcha mashhur jurnallar uchun namuna bo'ladigan format yaratdilar. 1918-yilga kelib jurnalning tiraji 200 000 dan oshdi. Bu jurnalning mashhurligiga sabab qilib, mashhur kishilarning shaxsiy hayotiga jamoatchilikning ortib borayotgan qiziqishlari ko'rsatiladi.
Ommabopligi
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Norma_Talmadge_Photoplay_cover.jpg/220px-Norma_Talmadge_Photoplay_cover.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Marion_Davies_by_F._Earl_Christy%2C_Photoplay_July_1934.jpg/220px-Marion_Davies_by_F._Earl_Christy%2C_Photoplay_July_1934.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Esther_Ralston_by_Charles_Sheldon_-_Photoplay%2C_April_1928.jpg/220px-Esther_Ralston_by_Charles_Sheldon_-_Photoplay%2C_April_1928.jpg)
1920-1930-yillarda Photoplay o'zining mashhurligining eng yuqori cho'qqisiga chiqdi va kino sanoatida juda katta ta'sir etadigan vositaga aylandi.[1] Jurnal Earl Christy va Charles Sheldon kabi aktrisalarning jurnal muqovasidagi kino portretlari bilan mashhur edi. "Macfadden" nashriyotlari jurnalni 1934-yilda sotib olgan. Rangli fotografiyaning rivojlanishi bilan jurnal 1937-yilga kelib yulduzlarning fotosuratlaridan foydalanishni boshladi.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Anita_Stewart_Photoplay_Dec._1918.png/220px-Anita_Stewart_Photoplay_Dec._1918.png)
Photoplay Lillian Day, Sheilah Graham, Hedda Hopper, Dorothy Kilgallen, Hazel MacDonald, Louella Parsons, Adela Rogers St. Johns, Rob Wagner, keyinchalik Rob Vagner ("Script"ning muharriri va noshiri bo'lgan) va Walter Winchellning asarlarini nashr etdi. Jurnal 1932-yilgacha Quirk tomonidan tahrirlangan. Keyinchalik muharrirlar orasiga Kathrin Dougherty, Ruth Waterbury va Adele Whiteley Fletcherlar ham qo'shildi. Photoplayda, yulduzlarning birinchi fitnes guruhi "Sylvia of Hollywood"dagi sog'liq va go'zallik bo'yicha maslahatlari ham bor edi.
"Nyu-York Daily News" va keyinchalik "Nyu-York Daily Mirror" nashrlari uchun kolumnist sharhlovchisi, Photoplay jurnalida "From A Stool At Schwab's" deb nomlangan muntazam rukni bor bo'lgan, "Gollivud dorixonachisi" Sidney Skolskiyning maqolalari jurnalning mashhurligi olib kelgan edi.[2]
Photoplay jurnalining faxriy medali
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Photoplay-Medal.jpg/220px-Photoplay-Medal.jpg)
1921-yilda Photoplay birinchi muhim yillik kino mukofoti Faxriy medalini ta'sis etdi.[3] Tiffany & Co. tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan medalyon, jurnal o'quvchilari tomonidan ovozga qo'yilgan va ovozlar natijasiga ko'ra yilning eng yaxshi filmi produseriga berilgan. Quirkning fikriga ko'ra medalon filmlarga motivatsiya berish uchun joriy qilingan edi. Photoplay eng yaxshi film uchun faqat bitta mukofotni bergan bo'lsa-da, uning harakatlari va standartlari o'n yildan keyin tashkil etilgan "Oscar" mukofotiga ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Ular ma'lum darajada "Eng yaxshi film" tanlovlari asos bo'lib xizmat qildi. 1930-yillarda Photoplay tanlovlarining asosini ayol tomoshabinlar tashkil etgan. 1939-yilga kelib "Shon-sharaf" medali ahamiyatini yo'qotdi va o'sha yili mukofot to'xtatildi.
1944-yildan 1968-yilgacha Photoplay George Gallupning Audience Research Inc. tomonidan o'tkazilgan va jurnal o'quvchilari tomonidan ovoz berilgan so'rov natijalariga ko'ra yilning eng yaxshi filmi uchun Oltin medal bilan taqdirlangan. Shuningdek, Photoplay “Eng mashhur erkak yulduz” va “Eng mashhur ayol yulduz” mukofotlarini aktyor va aktrisalarning ijrosiga emas, balki mashhurligiga qarab taqdirladi. Mukofotlar 1950-yillar davomidagi so'rovlar natijasiga qarab oltin medal berish joriy qilindi. Bing Crosby va Greer Garson 1940-yillarda tez-tez eng mashhur kino yulduzlari deb atalgan va keyinchalik unvon g'oliblari orasida James Stewart, Jane Wyman, Alan Ledd, Merilyn Monroe, Rock Hudson va Kim Novak bor edi. Eng mashhur televizion yulduzlar ham 1960-yillarda jurnalda e'tirof etilgan. 1948-yilda Photoplay mukofotlari The Steve Allen Plymouth Show doirasida tarmoq televideniyasida namoyish etildi.[4]
"Medal of Honor" medali sovrindorlari: 1920–1939-yillar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- 1920: Humoresque[5]
- 1921: Tol'able David
- 1922: Robin Hood
- 1923: The Covered Wagon
- 1924: The Dramatic Life of Abraham Lincoln
- 1925: The Big Parade
- 1926: Beau Geste
- 1927: Seventh Heaven
- 1928: Four Sons
- 1929: Disraeli
- 1930: All Quiet on the Western Front
- 1931: Cimarron
- 1932: Smilin' Through
- 1933: Little Women
- 1934: The Barretts of Wimpole Street
- 1935: Naughty Marietta
- 1936: San Francisco
- 1937: Captains Courageous
- 1938: Sweethearts
- 1939: Gone with the Wind
Yilning eng yaxshi filmi uchun oltin medal sohiblari: 1944–1968-yillar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
- 1944: Going My Way
- 1945: The Valley of Decision
- 1946: The Bells of St. Mary's
- 1947: The Jolson Story
- 1948: Sitting Pretty
- 1949: The Stratton Story
- 1950: Battleground
- 1951: Show Boat
- 1952: With a Song in My Heart
- 1953: From Here to Eternity
- 1954: Magnificent Obsession
- 1955: Love is a Many-Splendored Thing
- 1956: Giant
- 1957: An Affair to Remember
- 1958: Gigi
- 1959: Pillow Talk
- 1960: no awards
- 1961: Splendor in the Grass
- 1962: The Miracle Worker
- 1963: How the West Was Won
- 1964: The Unsinkable Molly Brown
- 1965: The Sound of Music
- 1966: The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming
- 1967: The Dirty Dozen
- 1968: Rosemary's Baby
Oxirgi yillari
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Photoplay 1941-yilda boshqa jurnali "Movie Mirror" bilan birlashtirildi va 1977-yildan uning nomi "Photoplay and TV Mirror " bo'ldi.
Jurnal oʻzining oxirgi sonini 1980-yil 15-aprelda chop etdi.[6] Zamon o'zgarib borayotgani tufayli, muqova fotosuratida kino yulduzlari emas, balki ikkita televideniya aktrisasi, Victoriya Principal va Charlene Tilton tasvirlangan. Macfadden nashriyoti egalik huquqini sotib olgan "Us" jurnaliga o'tkazildi. Macfadden prezidenti Piter J. Callahan nashrni to'xtatish to'g'risidagi qaror qildi.
Photoplayning Britaniya versiyasi 1950-yilning mart oyida nashr qilindi va 1981-yil aprelida u "Photoplay: Movies and Video" nomini oldi. Unda amerikalik va britaniyalik filmlar yulduzlari haqida maqolalar bor edi va 1989-yilda nashr etilishi to'xtatilgan.
Manbalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- ↑ Hutchinson, Pamela. „Photoplay magazine: the birth of celebrity culture“. The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Limited (26-yanvar 2016-yil). Qaraldi: 13-sentabr 2018-yil.
- ↑ Wilkerson, W.R. 3rd. „Writing the End to a True-to-Life Cinderella Story : Remembrance: The facts of Lana Turner's discovery at a soda fountain have changed through the years, but the legend remains.“. Los Angeles Times (1-iyul 1995-yil). 16-dekabr 2017-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 24-sentabr 2013-yil.
- ↑ „Photoplay Awards“. Internet Movie Database. Qaraldi: 24-sentabr 2013-yil.
- ↑ „The Steve Allen Plymouth Show“. Internet Movie Database. Qaraldi: 24-sentabr 2013-yil.
- ↑ Susan King.. „Classic Hollywood: Film academy to screen Photoplay Magazine Medal of Honor winners“ (13-iyun 2011-yil).
- ↑ Slide, Anthony. Inside the Hollywood Fan Magazine: A History of Star Makers, Fabricators, and Gossip Mongers. University Press of Mississippi, 2010 — 71-bet. ISBN 9781604734140.