Consumer Buying Behavior

The automotive industry is at a crossroad. Electric Vehicles (EV) now pose an existential threat to the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). In some Northern European nations over 50% of new cars sold are EVs, owing in large part to substantial financial incentives to buy and own an EV, such as tax discounts when purchasing an EV, fuel savings, and preferential use of transportation infrastructure. These countries have pledged to cease all imports of non-EVs by 2035. On the other end of the spectrum are Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, where EVs account for less than 1 percent of vehicles on the road, due in large part to financial and non-financial impediments to buying and owning an EV. In addition, the price per kilometer driven in the GCC is considerably lower with gasoline than with electricity, which contradicts the European experience where cost savings from electricity versus gasoline can be around 8 to 1. Furthermore, as there is an absence of purchase and ownership/utilization taxation of vehicles in the GCC, no tax discount can be levied, in contrast to the EV tax incentives common in Europe. This paper explores which qualities of driving and owning an EV in the GCC are necessary to persuade certain kinds of new automobile consumers to pay a higher purchasing price for owning an EV as opposed to an ICE, in spite of higher costs for electricity compared to gasoline per kilometer driven. This pilot study attempts to provide an insight to new car purchasing behavior among consumers in Kuwait via a qualitative innovative approach known as 'Q Methodology'. Interestingly, the factors that emerged from the research represent three subjective perspectives of new car purchase in Kuwait which were labeled as Factor 1, 'Value Seeker'; Factor 2, 'Safety Seeker'; and Factor 3, 'Performance Seeker'. The study concludes that given financial constraints, the 'Value Seeker' group is not likely to become an early adopter of EVs in the GCC region. Conversely, the 'Performance Seeker', which includes mainly younger men who are more likely to view the fast acceleration of EVs as a deciding factor, and the 'Safety Seekers', who are mainly younger women who would value the environmental aspects of EVs as well as the quiet driving experience and low maintenance requirements are determining factors for EV adoption in the GCC region in the future.

This paper aims to identify predictors of consumer ethnocentrism in the food market. An online survey was conducted in a sample of 1000 Polish consumers, which was representative by sex, age, education level, urban–rural divide, and region. The 10-item CETSCALE was applied. In a retrograde stepwise regression model, consumer ethnocentrism in the food market was positively related to tradition and conformity Schwartz values, to the pride of being Polish, and to such product characteristics as the country of origin, distance from the producer, and natural content. It was negatively related to the universalism value and to being a student. To gain further insights into the predictors of consumer ethnocentrism in the food market for either gender, separate regressions were conducted among men and women. Three predictors affected positively and significantly consumer ethnocentrism in the food market both among men and among women, namely the tradition Schwartz value, pride of being Polish, and importance attached to distance covered by the food product from the producer to the shop, which is related to the preference for local food. Moreover, consumer ethnocentrism among men was dependent on their food choice motive–environmental friendliness, whereas consumer ethnocentrism among women was affected by the importance attached to the product’s country of origin, and it was negatively related to women’s younger age.

Este artículo pretende analizar la comercialización de los trastornos mentales en la industria de la moda re-conceptualizando el consumo como seguimiento basado en la identificación social. El propósito de este análisis es profundizar en la duda: ¿Por qué se sigue viendo la comercialización de los trastornos mentales en la industria de la moda a las puertas de 2020? Para poder aportar luz a esta cuestión, este ensayo pretende repasar ciertos aspectos de la industria de la moda a nivel sociológico para el análisis del porqué se siguen comercializando y comprando productos basados en los trastornos mentales y, al fin y al cabo, en problemáticas sociales. La base científica de investigación de cara a la resolución de esta duda se provee en los conceptos de disonancia cognitiva de León Festinger (1957), que recuperan Beasley y Joslyn (2001).
Palabras clave: industria de la moda, comercialización, trastornos mentales, identificación como obediencia, disonancia cognitiva

Today, the advancements of the Internet and new technologies have affected consumer behavior. This has led to the emergence of more and more channels which is causing consumers to change their purchasing habits. The omnichannel refers to retailers with a presence on both physical and digital platforms. It is a modern approach to commerce that focuses on designing a cohesive user experience for customers at every touchpoint. This paper deliberates on the omnichannel behavior of consumers in India towards the mobile phones. It analyses the channel preferences of mobile consumers, the selection of omnichannel during mobile purchase, and brand preferences in the omnichannel business environment. The outcome of this paper confirms that there is a significant relationship of socio-economic class with consumer information search, consumer evaluation of alternatives and consumer purchase decisions through online and offline sources which indicates the omnichannel behavior of consumer India for mobile products.

Keywords: Omnichannel Behaviour, Consumer Behaviour, Mobile Purchase Decisions, Channel Preferences, Channel Marketing, Consumer Class

Citation: Zaware, N., Pawar, A., Samudre, H., & Kale, S. (2020). Omnichannel Consumer Buying Behavior: Apprehending the Purchasing Pattern for Mobile Buyers in India. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(3S): 1086-1101.

High-tech products are common in the market and  they are part  of  the life of many consumers. Major brands produce for the most diverse applications. The technology has evolved very rapidly since the industrial revolution, but the usability of these products has not evolved in the same way, consumers become frustrated using those products.  This research was developed in order to analyze,  using the consumer  behavior logic,  the consumer relationship  with high-tech products and the steps that  go from  charming  before and during the purchase, through the expectations, evaluation, cognitive dissonance and  some cases anger, retaliation and revenge.  In order to do that,  it was built an analytical model using these steps as constructs. Based on this model, it was noticed  a good level of correlation between the constructs Cognitive Dissonance and Anger and also between the constructs Anger and Retaliation / Revenge. The survey also shows that a majority of consumers have the belief that sophisticated and modern products will solve th eir problems and they are easy to use, however if that situation is not real, frustration and anger are feelings that will have to face.

Os produtos de alta tecnologia são comuns no mercado e no cotidiano de grande parte dos consumidores. Grandes marcas os produzem para as mais diversas aplicações. A tecnologia evoluiu de forma muito rápida desde a revolução industrial, porém a usabilidade desses produtos não evoluiu da mesma forma, invariavelmente consumidores ficam frustrados com a utilização dessa classe de produtos. Essa pesquisa foi elaborada com a finalidade de analisar, usando a lógica do comportamento do consumidor, as relações do consumidor com os produtos de alta tecnologia e os passos que vão do encanto antes e durante a compra, passando pelas expectativas, avaliação, dissonância cognitiva e por fim em alguns casos raiva, retaliação e vingança. Para isso foi construído um modelo analítico utilizando esses passos como construtos. Com base nesse modelo, observou-se bom nível de correlação entre os construtos Dissonância Cognitiva e Raiva e também entre os construtos Raiva e Retaliação / Vingança. A pesquisa também demonstra que uma grande parcela dos consumidores possui a crença de que os aparelhos sofisticados e modernos vão resolver seus problemas e são fáceis de usar, entretanto caso isso não aconteça a frustração e raiva são sentimentos que terão de conviver.

The paper analyses behaviour of Generation Z (GenZ) in the region of Balkans (Serbia, Croatia and Republika Srpska). It presents the survey that was conducted among young people of age between 12 and 25, during December 2019 and January 2020. Total of 523 persons participated: 309 respondents from Serbia, 102 from Croatia and 112 from Republika Srpska. The analyzed topics were: Generation Z and communication, the role of Internet in life of Generation Z, attitudes of GenZ towards shopping and consumption habits. Besides many similarities of the results between global surveys and this one aiming region of Balkans, some specifics of the region were found and analyzed. The aim of the paper was to present insights that can help researcher (preferably in the filed of marketing) to better understand the behavior of GenZ. The conclusion provides an analysis-comparison of similarities and differences of Generation Z in the Balkans comparing to global experiences.

Recently, I happened upon a post on the Pema Chodron Facebook Group, written by a man who, by the timbre of his question, is deeply concerned about the Earth’s environment. His question was the spark behind this paper.

“Why don't any of the world’s leaders state the fact that consumerism must change? The textile industry alone stands for as much as 10% of the worlds annual carbon pollution... Buddha himself had a strong connection to nature and trees. And forest monks in Thailand get killed every year because of their attempt to save the woodlands. Thich Nhat Hanh, Dalai Lama and many other great teachers say that we one way or the other should involve ourselves in engaged Buddhism (sic): Both for our own, our children's - and for the planet’s sake. Is it about time for Buddhist practitioners in general to wake up as well..?"

A timely question indeed. However, the Earth hasn’t an opinion one way or another. The Earth has supposedly existed without human habitation for millions of years, and will exist, in one condition, form or other, long after human beings are gone. While we can have concern for the condition of the Earth and its environment, the greater concern should be the behavior of the human race, who are directly responsible for the damage done to this planet and its ecosystems.

This paper intends to appraise and understand
celebrity advertising and its effectiveness. By deeply
examining and addressing the components of celebrity
advertising, the advantages and disadvantages associated
with it, and the elements of successful and unsuccessful
implementations, it will be clear that with a compelling and
logical celebrity-brand fit, the application of celebrities as
brand advocates can be used to a company’s competitive
advantage. Keywords: celebrity advertising, consumer’s perception,
effectiveness, buying behavior.

This paper aims to introduce readers to the fundamental concepts of income and social class and how they influence consumers' buying decisions and marketing strategies. It attempts to provide an understanding of the theoretical framework used for social classification and the practical implications of these classifications in the marketplace, with particular reference to developing and emerging economies. The paper also allows readers to gain familiarity with the tools and processes currently used by marketing professionals for analysing market opportunities in terms of income and social class, and help develop a customer-centric marketing approach based on attractiveness of social class as opposed to transaction-oriented marketing focussing on income only.

The aim of this study is to understand the consumer buying behavior via website versus mobile application. There are millions of people online at any point of time and all of them are potential customer for some or other retailer. With the advent of technology, many portals have been developed online, for the ease of customers as per their convenience like – websites, mobile applications. Since there are many portals and so many providers of services, it is vital to understand what customers are buying, form where they are buying, how they are buying and the reason behind buying from that particular place/portal.
Customer behaviors are influenced by the advantages and disadvantages of these portals (websites and mobile applications) and also the demographics due to which they show varying behaviours.
To understand the consumer behaviour, a questionnaire was designed and distributed online to 156 respondents and the sample consisted of people from Bengaluru.
The result of this study would contribute to enhancement of knowledge and help analyze why one portal is working more than the other for the same retailer. It will help identify the major product/service categories that are availed via website and sectors availed via mobile application so that providers of different services/products can develop marketing strategies to generate more traffic and sales.

The study conducted in Tirupur district of Tamil Nadu state has investigated the consumers' buying behaviour towards organic food products based on the data collected from 240 respondents (120 organic food consumers and 120 non-organic food consumers). The study has used chi-square test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for analysis. Besides looking into the awareness level, the study has found the association between demographic characters and awareness level about organic food products. The study has revealed that factors like gender, family income, education and occupational status differentiate consumers of organic and non-organic food products. Besides, psychological factors such as attitude, perception, belief and intention have shown positive results for the organic food consumers of Tirupur district.

India has a long history of perfume expertise dating back over 300 years. The familiarity of the average Indian with complex fragrances, coupled with strong cultural factors has given Indian fragrances a unique character. The fragrance market in India is small in comparison to those in developed countries, but it has the potential to develop into one of the biggest in the years to come. The opportunity in this sector is more and it has a middle class of 100 million people with growing disposable incomes. At the same time, improved efficiencies in the supply chain, product and process innovation and higher aspirations amongst consumers are driving a boom in the FMCG sector. The company like Titan Industries has stepped into perfume market with its SKINN range. Vini Industries with FOGG has already dominated the market with its varied perfume range. The study has been focused to understand the scope of perfume in the Indian Market and factors affecting the perfume buying behavior of consumers.

Purpose/objective: This study attempted to examine the consumer buying behavior of essential items like grocery, pharma, and hygiene during the nationwide lockdown imposed by government of India. The national lockdown is to maintain social distancing, therefore, reducing the chances of virus spread. Such circumstances are creating a lot of paranoia and fear among the Indian households about managing the supply of essential items to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology: in order to achieve the objectives of this study, an online survey was conducted on the households residing in national capital region of India. For this purpose, a self-structured questionnaire was designed which was further distributed among target respondents by using convenient sampling technique. Out of total 250 responses received, 226 were found fit for the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA have been used to analyze the data. Results/findings: The nationwide lockdown changes the purchasing behavior of the customer regarding essential items and their related aspects like price, packaging, labeling, smoothness of product or services and timely delivery etc Practical implications: This study is very important for the marketers as well as researchers to know the changes in purchasing behavior of the customers specifically related to the factors of Essential Supplies, Price, Packaging & Labeling; Stock and Supply Shortage; Smooth Delivery; Digital Support and Product Freshness and Authenticity of the product and services at the time of nationwide lockdown situation. It is very important for the marketers to know the returning of the customers towards their previous pattern that can be the future research direction for the researchers as well as marketers also. Originality: This paper is attempted to examine household buying behavior of essential items to survive in situation of nationwide lockdown.

Advertising is one of the best means of mass communication. Advertising especially in India can be easily regarded as the most entertaining package of mass media. Effective advertisements strategies have been used by most of the companies to influence the buying behaviours of the consumers. Advertisements are helpful in creating the awareness and perception among the customers about a product and service. Advertisement involves rational and emotional appeals. The present study focuses on identifying the influence of unethical issues in advertisements on the consumer behaviour. Misleading and false advertisements are also a part and parcel of unethical advertisement. We will try to study the impact of all these activities on the buying behaviour of a consumer.

the customer buying decision. The study goes through different literature, research articles, and ejournal by different authors. This paper focused on the variables which are affecting the purchase of FMCG in Indian Market. The empirical study was conducted on 100 respondents of Delhi and NCR. According to the study customer of Delhi and NCR considering FMCG as a mandatory part of their lifestyle.

تعد الإستراتيجيات التسويقية من أهم أعمدة إستمرار المنظمة في تقديمها لسلعها و خدماتها و خصوصاً خلال الازمات المالية , إذ تهدف الإستراتيجية التسويقية الى السيطرة على حصة سوقية و زيادتها مع دعم خطوط التواصل الداخلية و الخارجية للمنظمة مع الزبون .
تقدم هذه الدراسة مناقشات فيما يتعلق بمفهوم الإستراتيجيات التسويقية و أهميتها في البيئة المتغيرة وأثر الازمات المالية على كفاءة وظيفة التسويق .
يستعرض الباحثان تقييماً شاملاً لعدد من إستراتيجيات التسويق في ظل الأزمات المالية من خلال دراسة المتغيرات على مستوى الشركات الصغيرة و المتوسطة العاملة في العراق .
استخدم الباحثان الأسلوب الأكاديمي في دراسة الحالة من خلال توزيع استمارة استبيان على عدد من الشركات الصغيرة و المتوسطة و تحليلها رياضياً , فضلاً عن استخدام المنهج الوصفي بالرجوع الى الأدبيات المحاسبية من خلال الكتب و البحوث و مراجعة تجارب الدول .
أظهرت نتائج الدراسة الى أن هنالك تفاوتاً كبيراً في تقييم إستراتيجيات التسويق خلال الأزمات المالية وذلك بسبب ضعف الجانب الرقابي و الإداري و البيئة المحلية النامية وطغيان الفكر التقليدي لإدارة الشركات وعدم وجود معايير محلية حاكمة لتطبيق الإستراتيجيات التسويقية في العراق .

The study of consumer behavior is the most important factor for marketing of any goods and services. The consumer behavior suggest how individual, groups and organization select, buy, use and dispose of goods, services, ideas or experience to satisfy their needs and wants. It also clues for improving or introducing products or services, setting price, devising channels etc. consumer attitude towards marketing activities are important from both a theoretical and marginal standpoint. Consumer make product choice based on a combination of product attributes that best meet their needs on dimensions of value, cost and prior satisfaction. The first and most objective of my study is consumer satisfaction towards dental care products. The study was based on primary data, which have been collected through a well designed questionnaire. Sample of 150 were chosen for the study. After collected of data, It has been analyzed by statistical tools like factor analyze and chi-square test. Hence the study identified some suggestion and the survey reveals that most of the consumers are much satisfied with their dental care products. Hence forth, efficient conclusion was given. Keywords: Consumer buying behavior, Fast moving consumer goods (FMCG), consumer attitude, brand awareness Introduction: Consumer behavior is defined as the behavior that consumer display in searching for purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of product and services that they expect will satisfy their needs. Consumer behavior to cases on how individual make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption relates items. This includes what they buy, why they buy, when they buy, where they buy, how often they buy, how often use it, how they evaluate it after purchase and the impact of such evaluation on future and how they dispose of it. Consumer behavior also includes the acquisition and use of information. Thus communication with consumers and receiving feedback for them is a crucial part of consumer behavior which is of great interest to marketers. The advent of an organized consumerism movement in the USA during 1970"s led to tremendous interest among researches in studying the attitude of consumers towards business. A consumer perception significantly affect their behavioral responses to marketing activities, consumer attitude towards marketing have been found to be linked to several key macroeconomic variables and have been used in economic forecasts. Advertising increases brand awareness and affect consumer"s brand images, but only rarely influences conscious decision to choose a certain advertised product. Brand image, on the other hand, has a tremendous impact or product perceptions. Academic consumer psychologist has tried to develop quantitative techniques, which have shown better research regarding the consciousness of the consumer. Physiological measures were framed on the hope that they have been a better potential to research the real attitude and as a consequence, would be more successful in predicting consumer behavior. Objective of the study: 1. To understand the customer orientation towards a particular product type. 2. To analysis the impact of pricing in the selection of a particular brand of toothpaste. 3. The difference in influencing factors on the consumer decision-making process which are related to contrasts in the economic, personal, demographic, socio-cultural and marketing have been examined. Research Methodology: As the case study of consumer behavior aimed to discover the three objectives mentioned above, a conclusive and descriptive research design was chosen. Quantitative primary data were gathers through a sample survey research. The survey is based on a formal structured questionnaire, restricted to the district of Karaikal with a sample size of 150 using stratified random sampling method. The questionnaire was designed considering four areas-belief"s and attitudes, preference, behavior and socio-demographic issues. Scaling techniques have been used to analysis the stages of satisfaction. Findings: On analyzing the customer orientation of a particular brand by calculating the brand awareness of the different brands available in the market. It has been found that the awareness of respondents towards colgate is the highest (40%), followed by pepsodent (30%), Close up (24%), Dabur lal Dantamanjan (4%) and others (2%). (Figure1)

Objective of this research paper is to study consumer buying behaviour towards cosmetic products.  This research is conducted in Pune city and a survey method was used to collect the data from 200 respondents.
Personal care sector is an integral part of the nation’s economy with its huge potential. The personal care industry is one of the largest consumer sectors in the country. The purchasing power and disposable incomes of the Indian consumer have considerably increased and it has created a niche for leading organizations in this segment in the last decade, resulting in phenomenal growth in this sector.
Introduction

With growing markets and increasing consumer volumes, the production, as well as consumption patterns are degrading the environment drastically. The government, consumers and producers have realised the worth of this issue. The research and development department of industries are continuously working to develop products that are environment-friendly and cause less environmental destruction. Products which are capable of being recycled, and possess healthy disposal are often termed as green products. The manufacturing, marketing, and consumption of such products are being promoted by the government as well as non-governmental organisations. The present study aims to understand the concept of green product and consumer behavior towards it. The study also investigates the relationship of green product usage and purchase intention with demographic variables (age, gender, income and educational qualification). Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics as well as Pearson's chi-square test for independence. The results reveal an important insight concerning the factors that are majorly responsible for motivating as well as demotivating consumer behavior towards green products. Environmental sustainability and personal consciousness of consumers are found to be motivating factors while unavailability and unawareness are deemed demotivating factors along with the cost of installation / usage. Consumers are intended to purchase green products irrespective of their demographics. However educational qualification is found to be the only demographic variable having a relationship with green product usage.

This paper will propose a type of message appeal to be used in the advertising, making sure to explain the rationale behind the appeal, it will analyze the different cultures this product will appeal to and make recommendations on which three (3) would be the best choice. The paper will explain the decision of which microcultures and additional demographics should be targeted for the product line. Also, it will suggest ways to utilize group influence in the marketing of the product, and finally it will present the created plan to address need recognition, search behavior, and getting the product into the consumers' consideration set.

As consumers use products, particularly during a trail purchase, they evaluate its performance in light of their own expectations. There are three possible outcomes of these evaluations that are actual performance matches expectations, leading to a neutral felling. Secondly performance exceeds expectations causing what is known as positive disconfirmation of expectations which leads towards satisfaction. Third one is performance is below expectations causing negative disconfirmation of expectations and satisfaction are closely linked that is consumer tend to judge their experience against their expectations when performing a post purchase evaluation.

An important component of post purchase evaluation is the reduction of any uncertainty or doubt that the consumer might have had about the selection. As part of their purchase analysis, consumer try to reassure themselves that their choice was a wise one and they attempt to reduce post purchase cognition dissonance. They do this by adopting one of the following strategies. They may rationalize the decision as being wise they may seek advertisements that support their choice and avoid those of competitive brands. The degree of post purchase analysis that consumers undertake depends on the importance of the product decision and the experience required in using the product. When product will live up to expectation it usually will be repurchased by the customer.

The objective of this study is to determine the extent of post purchase behavior amongst students. In order to accomplish the objectives of the study, we made a self-administered questionnaire to cater our objective.

We decided to take up shampoo as a product category as the gathering of data on such a topic wouldn’t only be easy for us but also would be accurate enough for we are accompanied by our colleagues amongst whom such a product category is quite famous and substantially importance.

A shampoo, whenever applied, leaves an imprint upon the attitude of the consumer and freshens him/her to be prepared for what is in store for the being during the day.

The questionnaire developed is to enhance the knowledge pertaining to the importance of a shampoo in a youngster’s life. We believe that our efforts won’t end up all in vain.

In this 21 st century, mobile phone manufacturers have experienced a tremendous change in customer choice preferences and purchasing behavior, which has led scholars to explore a new horizon of research. This paper tries to discover the choice standards of customer in the mobile phone market. The purpose of this study is to discover the underlying factors that affect the customers buying decision. Research data were collected by a reasoned sampling method covering various socioeconomic and cultural groups. Structured questionnaires were developed based on empirical research with five points Likert scale. Inferential and descriptive statistical tools were used to analyze the study. The results of the study support the entire hypothesis. The findings suggest that consumers buying decisions are mostly affected by the price, social influence and brand name of the mobile phone. In addition, innovative features, after sales service and multimedia factors also have a significant impact on the consumers buying decision.

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of key factors such as service quality, perceived benefit and brand familiarity on a consumer's intention to order online food delivery (OFD). In addition, mediating effect of electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) between relationships among selected key variables and OFD purchase intention is also assessed. Research design, data and methodology: This explanatory, quantitative study employed convenience sampling and collected data through online structured questionnaire from 304 respondents who are users of OFD apps based in greater Klang valley region of Malaysia. The data was then subjected to normality and reliability assessment followed by confirmatory factor analysis, validity assessment and structural equation modelling using IBM SPSS AMOS 24.0. Results: Findings revealed that service quality, perceived benefits and brand familiarity affects purchase intention positively and significantly. Perceived benefits demonstrated highest impact on purchase intention followed by brand familiarity and service quality. Findings also suggest that e-WOM fully mediates relationship between brand familiarity and purchase intention, however, the same was not observed for remaining two variables. Conclusions: The study has enriched OFD literature by investigating impact of selected key factors on purchase intention in the context of OFD. Implications, limitations and future research avenues are then discussed.

Purpose/objective: This study attempted to examine the consumer buying behavior of essential items like grocery, pharma, and hygiene during the nationwide lockdown imposed by government of India. The national lockdown is to maintain social distancing, therefore, reducing the chances of virus spread. Such circumstances are creating a lot of paranoia and fear among the Indian households about managing the supply of essential items to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology: in order to achieve the objectives of this study, an online survey was conducted on the households residing in national capital region of India. For this purpose, a self-structured questionnaire was designed which was further distributed among target respondents by using convenient sampling technique. Out of total 250 responses received, 226 were found fit for the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA have been used to analyze the data. Results/findings: The nationwide lockdown changes the purchasing behavior of the customer regarding essential items and their related aspects like price, packaging, labeling, smoothness of product or services and timely delivery etc. Practical implications: This study is very important for the marketers as well as researchers to know the changes in purchasing behavior of the customers specifically related to the factors of Essential Supplies, Price, Packaging & Labeling; Stock and Supply Shortage; Smooth Delivery; Digital Support and Product Freshness and Authenticity of the product and services at the time of nationwide lockdown situation. It is very important for the marketers to know the returning of the customers towards their previous pattern that can be the future research direction for the researchers as well as marketers also. Originality: This paper is attempted to examine household buying behavior of essential items to survive in situation of nationwide lockdown.

Community-based tourism could be one way of creating a more sustainable tourism industry. Community-based tourism brings numerous benefits to the wider community by increasing the standard of living in rural areas, which helps in reducing migration to urban areas. The study begins with an assessment of potential tea tourism products that could be developed in the community of Hanthana and the neighbouring communities. The research based on qualitative approach in-depth interview and potential identification tool for identifying the tea tourism potentials within the Hanthana area. According to the findings, Hanthana can remark as the most suitable place to promote tea tourism in Sri Lanka. Paper accomplishes research propositions in line with the empirical and theoretical justifications encouraging future research priorities. Keywords-Sri Lankan tourism industry, Impulsive buying behavior, Consumer buying behavior

Sensory Branding comprises "marketing techniques that stimulate consumers by using their senses to influence their preferred feelings and behavior" (American Marketing Association, 2009). Research suggests that the stronger the message, stronger will be an affect to one or more senses because the theme of sensory branding is based on aspect of value creation by targeting senses of human being that ranges from the sight, smell, sound, taste and touch that affects consumer buying behavior (Laimona, 2020)

Customers' technology savviness and proneness to social media, have a positive influence towards the online purchase intention of branded products. These factors have a great contribution to generate positive inclination towards products. The Author developed and tested a conceptual model for the purchase intention towards content, generated by firms in the social media. In this study, not only the direct relationship between online purchase intention and customer technology savviness is measured, but also the mediating relationship between technology savviness and proneness to social media, and its impact on online purchase intention, was measured. In addition to the mediating effect of customer's proneness to social media, the impact of demographic variables such as age and education level effecting on online purchase intention, was also measured. It has been found that customer technology savviness has a positive influence over online purchase intention of company products, influenced by firm generated content in social media. The study results revealed that customer technology savviness, leads to customer proneness towards social media. It was proven that proneness to social media has a direct and positive influence over online purchase intention of products. It was found that there is also a partial mediating effect of customer proneness to social media, in between, customer technology savviness and online purchase intention of products. It was hypothesized and was proven that that age and education do not have a positive influence, over online purchase intention of products.

The research specifically focuses on the effect of brand image and ads on consumer’s buying behavior towards electronic products (Washing Machines, Inverters, and Microwave ovens). Further, this proposed work find out the factors that are affected by the brand image and ads and ultimately impact consumer buying behavior. The reasons for choosing electronic products (Washing Machines, Inverters, and Microwave ovens) are because of the increasing preference of customers towards these products. The study would help the readers to know the consumer buying behavior in specific to electronic products like washing machines, Microwave ovens, and inverters, based on which the policymakers or advisors of the organizations can make suitable strategies to advertise the products and brand establishment in a better way in the competitive environment.

Purpose: This study sought to examine the effects of consumer behavior on customer loyalty schemes in
selected supermarkets in Nairobi. The study also sought to find out how customer loyalty schemes affect
consumers’ ability to purchase in Kenyan supermarkets, to establish how customer loyalty schemes affect
consumer’s quality perception in Kenyan supermarkets, and also to examine how customer loyalty schemes
influence product demand in Kenyan supermarkets. The study was guided by the following specific objectives:
To examine the extent to which consumers’ ability to purchase affects customer loyalty schemes in Kenyan
supermarkets; To assess the extent to which consumers’ quality perception affects customer loyalty schemes in
Kenyan supermarkets; and To investigate the extent to which product demand affects customer loyalty schemes
in Kenyan supermarkets.Methodology: The study was carried out in the city of Nairobi over a period of four
months. A census survey was employed and primary data was collected using Semi structured questionnaires.
The Data was analyzed by simple descriptive statistics with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences
(SPSS) version 18.0 software so as to enable meaningful description of distribution of scores or measurements
using statistics. Measures of central tendency specifically the mean and percentile were used to determine the
summary of the statistics of variables studied. The measures of variability were also used in the analysis of the
data. These measures included the standard deviation, and frequency distribution tables.Findings:  Although
customer ability to decide, quality perception, and product quality and demand affect customer loyalty schemes,
negligence of any of them can cause a very diverse damage to the overall customer loyalty satisfaction in the
organization. The findings showed that each of the variables is the core pillar in the efforts of promoting
customer loyalty among respondents in the organization and thus solves the problem of promoting loyal
supermarket customers. Despite the efforts to analyze the effects of consumer behavior on customer loyalty
schemes, Kenyan supermarkets have not yet maximized the consideration of these variables at an extensive state
to attain a distinct solution to the long time communicated consumer behavior problem on customer loyalty
among supermarkets in Kenya.
Keywords: Demand; Quality Perception; Ability to Decide; Reward; Loyalty Schemes; Customer; Loyalty;
Customers

Clients seek planning relationship of the brand with present memory, when they can return memories to the brand image and information to new things. They may recall recent business data and the beach in a similar way. Two connections do not add to the importance of promoting your products, which greatly effects your return to planning. The planned conglomerate may also be reached via television, the internet (Facebook, email) and print media (magazines, etc.). Affiliates move through a massive section of the system associated to your money in advertising strategy. These improvement frameworks affect buyer behavior. The present study is an attempt to identify the role of advertisement in consumer buying behavior