Medical Equipment Buying Guide
By MedWOW
()
About this ebook
As with purchasing any other pre-owned product, there are certain factors that you must take into account prior to purchasing used medical equipment. However, the responsibility that accompanies used medical equipment purchases is far greater than with purchasing products in other industries, since the equipment that you buy will eventually be used to monitor, diagnose, and treat patients, and in many cases, even save lives.
It is therefore essential to be aware of the particular elements, specifications, and common malfunctions of each medical device prior to making your purchase.
After receiving many requests from buyers like you, and realizing the tremendous information void in the used medical equipment market; we at MedWOW decided to take advantage of our extensive knowledgebase and produce the ultimate, accessible tool to close this knowledge gap. The Medical Equipment Buying Guide is a first-of-its-kind, comprehensive database, the result of extensive research by MedWOW's affiliated team of medical equipment experts, doctors, technicians, and engineers from around the world.
Written as a guideline for device buyers involved in the purchasing of medical equipment, the guide provides: buying tips, recommended questions to ask the seller, and Inspections Forms for over 300 of the most common medical devices used in clinics, hospitals, labs, and other medical facilities. The tips emphasize the important features, specifications, and capabilities to consider for each device, so you will know exactly what to look for.
MedWOW
MedWOW.com, the leading online marketplace for buying and selling new and used medical devices and parts, has successfully focused on assisting the international market with a trading platform, backed-up by numerous MedWOW support services. The user-friendly portal connects buyers, sellers and service providers of medical equipment from all over the world by offering: MedWOW's comprehensive professional services, unprecedented reliability, multilingual customer support and top value. MedWOW has developed a state-of-the-art search engine and catalog, applying the latest technologies to help pinpoint the exact device, part or accessory that is being searched for. The MedWOW advanced filtering options allow users to refine searches according to basic parameters (e.g. manufacturer) or very specific ones (e.g. device-specific technical specifications). MedWOW users have access to used medical equipment posted for sale or auction. MedWOW is positioned to provide turnkey services, facilitating both buying and selling of anything; from one piece of equipment, to an entire hospital's inventory, saving our valued customers money. MedWOW offers services and solutions in multiple languages, for both used and new equipment. There is no other International Medical Platform that offers all this…and more!
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Book preview
Medical Equipment Buying Guide - MedWOW
Medical Equipment Buying Guide
MedWOW Ltd.
Smashwords edition, copyright 2012
License notes: ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This book contains material protected under International and Federal Copyright Laws and Treaties. Any unauthorized reprint or use of this material is prohibited. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without express written permission from the author / publisher.
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_m5499f975.jpgPreface
As with purchasing any other pre-owned product, there are certain factors that you must take into account prior to purchasing used medical equipment. However, the responsibility that accompanies used medical equipment purchases is far greater than with purchasing products in other industries, since the equipment that you buy will eventually be used to monitor, diagnose, and treat patients, and in many cases, even save lives.
It is therefore essential to be aware of the particular elements, specifications, and common malfunctions of each medical device prior to making your purchase.
After receiving many requests from buyers like you, and realizing the tremendous information void in the used medical equipment market; we at MedWOW decided to take advantage of our extensive knowledgebase and produce the ultimate, accessible tool to close this knowledge gap. The Medical Equipment Buying Guide is a first-of-its-kind, comprehensive database, the result of extensive research by MedWOW’s affiliated team of medical equipment experts, doctors, technicians, and engineers from around the world.
Written as a guideline for device buyers involved in the purchasing of medical equipment, the guide provides: buying tips, recommended questions to ask the seller, and Inspections Forms for over 300 of the most common medical devices used in clinics, hospitals, labs, and other medical facilities. The tips emphasize the important features, specifications, and capabilities to consider for each device, so you will know exactly what to look for.
On each page you will find:
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_m5f7bdb7e.jpgThe Medical Equipment Buying Guide is updated frequently, and your input is important to us. Please send your comments, questions and feedback to: [email protected]
Sincerely, the MedWOW Team
Table of Contents
A
Air Cleaner
Air-Purifying Respirator
Alternating Pressure Bed
Alternating Pressure Mattress
Ambulatory Infusion Pump
Amino Acid Analyzer
Anaerobic Chamber
Analytical Scale
Anesthesia Cart
Anesthesia Machine
Apheresis Machine
Apnea Alarm
Apnea Monitor
Argon Coagulator
Arthroscope
Arthroscopic Pump
Artificial Heart Valve
Aspiration Pump
Aspirator, Emergency
Aspirator, Surgical
Aspirator, Ultrasonic
Atomic Absorption
Audiometer
Audiometric Booth
Auditory Function Screening
Automated Coagulation Analyzer
Autopsy Table
B
Bed Alert System
Bed Head System
Bed, Pediatric
Beta / Gamma Counter
Bilirubinometer
Biochemistry Analyzer, Automated
Birthing Bed
Blood Bank Information System
Blood Centrifuge
Blood Gas Analyzer
Blood Gas Analyzer, POC
Blood Grouping System
Blood POC Analyzer
Blood Pressure Holter
Blood Pressure Monitor
Blood Warmer
Blood-Bank Refrigerator
Bone Densitometer, Dual Energy
Bone Densitometer, Single Energy
Bone Densitometer, Ultrasound
Brachytherapy System
Breast Biopsy System
Breathing Monitor
Bronchoscope
C
C-Arm
CAD Mammography
Cardiac Ablation System
Cardiac Catheterization Monitor
Cardiac Echo
Cardiac Electrophysiologic Monitor
Cardiac Output Computer
Cardiac Stress Test
Cardiac Video System
Cardiology Information System
Cataract Surgical Unit
Cath Lab
Cautery Unit
Cell Saver
Cell Washing Centrifuge
Centrifugal Laboratory Analyzer
Centrifuge
Centrifuge, Table Top
Chemistry Analyzer, Manual
Chest X-ray
Choledochoscope
Cine Camera
Cine Projector
CO2 Monitor
Cobalt Linear Accelerator
Colonoscope
Computer Assisted Surgery
Contrast Injector
Corneal Topography System
CPAP
CR System
Cryostat
Cryosurgical Unit
CT Phantom
CT Scanner
Cytological Centrifuge
Cytometer
D
Data Management System, Anesthesia
Daylight Film Processor
Densitometer, Laboratory, Scanning
Dental X-ray
Dental X-ray Scanner
Diathermy Unit, Physical Therapy
Digital Angiography
Digital Mammography Unit
Digital Radiography Upgrade Adapter
Duodenoscope
E
Ear Thermometer
ECG
ECG Holter
ECG Scanner
EEG Monitor
EEG Unit
Electroconvulsive Therapy Unit
Electrohydraulic Lithotripter
Electrolyte Analyzer
Electromagnetic Blood Flow Detector
Electron Microscope
Electrophoresis System
Electrosurgical Unit
ELISA Analyzer
Emergency Cart
EMG & Evoked Potential Response Unit
Endoscope Cleaner
Endoscope Light Source
ENG Unit
Ergometer
Esophageal Motility Analyzer
Ethylene Oxide Sterilizer
External Automated Defibrillator
External Defibrillator
External Pacemaker
Extracorporeal Lithotripter
F
Feeding Pump
Fetal Monitor
Film Duplicator
Film Processor
Film Processor, Cine
Film Scanner
G
Gamma Camera
Gamma Camera, Mobile
Gamma Knife
Gas Liquid Chromatograph
Gas Monitor, Atmospheric
Gastroscope
Glucose Monitor
Glycohemoglobin Analyzer
H
Halogenated Anesthetics Analyzer
Harmonic Scalpel
Heart-Lung Machine
Hematocrit Centrifuge
Hematology Analyzer
Hemodialysis Machine
Hospital Bed
Hospital Information System
HPLC
Hyperbaric Chamber
Hypothermia Unit
I
Immunoassay Analyzer, Enzyme
Implantable Defibrillator
Infant Incubator
Infant Scale
Infant Warmer
Information System, Radiology
Infusion Pump
Instrument Cart
Insufflator
Insulin Pump
Intermittent Compression Unit
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump
Intracorporeal Lithotripter
Intraoral Video Camera
Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS)
L
Laboratory Glucose Analyzer
Laboratory Hood
Laboratory Hood, Ductless
Laboratory Incubator
Laboratory Incubator, Thermocycling
Laboratory Information System
Laboratory Oven
Laboratory Safety Cabinet
Laboratory Scale
Laboratory Washer
Laboratory X-ray
Laparoscope
Laser - CO2
Laser - Diode
Laser - Excimer
Laser - Nd:YAG
Laser - YAG
Laser Blood Flow Detector
Laser Imager
Laser Lithotripter
Linear Accelerator
Lung Function Analyzer
M
Mammographic Phantom
Mammography Unit
Manual Wheelchair
Mass Spectrometer
Material Management Information System
Medical Gas Monitor
Medication Management System
Medicine Cart
Microbiological Culture Analyzer
Microcentrifuge
Microplate Washer
Microscope
Microscope, Operating
Microtome
Microtome Knife Sharpener
Mist Tent
Mobile X-ray
Motorized Wheelchair
Motorized X-ray View-box
MRI
MRI Phantom
Multi Image Camera
N
Nebulizer
Nephelometer
Nerve Locator
Nerve Stimulator
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulator
Nuclear Computer
Nuclear Medicine Phantom
Nurse Call System
O
Obstetric Data Analyzer
Obstetrical Data Management System
Oculoplethysmograph
Operating Room Monitor
Operating Table
Ophthalmic Laser
Ophthalmic Retinal Laser
Optical Digitizer
Orthopedic Table
Osmometer
Oximeter
Oxygen Concentrator
Oxygen Monitor
Oxygenator
P
Pacemaker
PACS
Passive Motion Exerciser, Limbs
Pathology Information System
Patient Hoist
Patient Monitor
Patient Scale
Patient Warmer
Peritoneal Dialysis Unit
PET/CT
Phototherapy Unit
Physician Order Entry System
Plasma Sterilizer
Platelet Aggregation Analyzer
POC Coagulation Analyzer
Polysomnography
Portable ECG
Portal Imaging System
Powered Wheelchair
Practice Management System
Printer, Thermal
Prosthesis, Joint, Hip
Prosthesis, Joint, Knee
Pulmonary Stress Test
Pulse Oximeter
Pump IV
R
Rad Room, Analog
Rad Room, Digital
Rad/Fluoro Room, Flat Panel
Rad/Fluoro Room, Image Intensifier
Radiation Counter
Radiation Detector
Radioaerosol Delivery Kit
Radiographic Phantom
Radiographic Photospot Camera
Radioisotope Calibrator
Radiotherapy CT Simulator
Radiotherapy Phantom
Radiotherapy Planning System
Radiotherapy Simulator
Radiotherapy Verification System
Refractometer, Laboratory
S
Safety Eyewear
Scale, Chair
Sigmoidoscope
Silver Recovery Cartridge
Silver Recovery Unit
Single Channel ECG
Slide Stainers, Hematology
Slide Stainers, Histology
Slit Lamp
Spectrophotometer
Spirometer
Spot Film Device
Steam Sterilizer
Stereotactic Head Frame
Stereotactic Radiotherapy System
Sterilization Box
Stretcher
Suction Regulator
Supplies Boom
Surgical Helmet
Surgical Light
Surgical Power Tool
Surgical Smoke Evacuation System
Sweat Tester
Syringe Pump
T
Table Top Steam Sterilizer
Telemedicine System
Telemetry Monitor
Temperature Monitor
Thermometer
Thyroid Uptake System
Tissue Processor
Tomographic X-ray
Tourniquet
Training Manikin
Transport Ventilator
U
Ultracentrifuge
Ultrasonic Blood Flow Detector
Ultrasonic Cleaning System
Ultrasonic Fetal Monitor
Ultrasonic Lithotripter
Ultrasound and Electrical Stimulation Unit
Ultrasound Phantom
Ultrasound Therapy System
Ultrasound, Cardiac
Ultrasound, Diagnostic
Ultrasound, Portable
Ultraviolet Lamp
Urine Analyzer
Urine Analyzer, Automated
Urodynamic Measurement System
Urological X-ray
Uterine Aspirator
V
Ventilator, Intensive Care
Ventilator, Pediatric
Ventilator, Portable
Ventricular Assist Device
Video Conferencing Equipment
Video Endoscopy
Voice Recorder
W
Warming Cabinet
Washer / Disinfector
Water Purification System
Whirlpool / Bath
X
X-ray Generator
X-ray Subsystem
X-Ray Tube
Xenon System
Portable particulate air filter devices
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_3241c342.jpgPortable particulate air filters designed for convenient relocation within a medical institution. May also be used to protect from toxic elements (biological, industrial, or radioactive) in emergency shelters.
Tips for Buying an Air Cleaner
1. Basic personnel should be able to operate and maintain high-efficiency mobile air filter cleaners, and therefore all air cleaners should be easy to set up and require minimal training.
2. For ease-of-use, it is recommended that all air cleaner dials and gauges be easily readable and understandable, and that the portable air filtration systems be easily cleaned and moved.
3. A filter change indicator should be available on the air cleaner unit.
4. Some air cleaners have light emitting diode indicators, while others may rely on a pressure gauge.
5. Monitoring air cleaner system performance in general can benefit from pressure gauges. Measuring changes in pressure can help discover a dirty filter or leaks in the seal of the high-efficiency particulate portable air filtration system.
6. An ultraviolet germicidal irradiation lamp is usually offered, though it is not recommended by ECRI. It is an unneeded added expense, which may pose a potential health hazard due to harmful effects on exposed skin and eyes and the creation of ozone
7. Users must periodically change high-efficiency particulate air cleaners and pre-filters. High-efficiency particulate air filtration systems should be changed every 1-2 years, and pre-filters - every 60-90 days, depending on conditions. To check for adequate airflow and possible leaks around the filters or in the housing, routine inspections must be performed.
8. Frequently changing the mobile air filters increases the ongoing costs and raises the risk to personnel performing such maintenance. However, when filters are not changed often enough, capture and filtration efficiency decreases, and the risk of tuberculosis transmission is increased.
9. Air cleaner filter removal, replacement methods and other required maintenance should all be easily performed.
10. The instructions for air cleaner routine maintenance and service should be clear and simple. Ongoing air cleaner maintenance is required to ensure safe and effective operation.
Questions for the Seller
Before you purchase your Air Cleaner, we recommend you ask the seller the following questions:
Configurations
Does it include recirculating?
Does it include an exhaust?
Is it mobile?
Is the filter disposable?
Is the filter reusable?
Inspections Forms
When you order an inspection prior to purchase, we highly recommend that you use the following inspections forms:
Mobile High-Efficiency-Filter Air Cleaners
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Air-Purifying Respirator
Air-supplying and/or filtering respirators worn to protect from airborne particle/gas inhalation
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_m201be84b.jpgDevices that filter environmental air for the protection of the wearer. Airborne particles and/or various gases are filtered to prevent wearer from contamination. Self-contained devices include air source, or devices that can be connected to an external source of compressed air.
Tips for Buying an Air-Purifying Respirator
1. Medical facilities should select a respirator that is comfortable and provides adequate protection for the duration of its use. The selected type must be compatible with any eye and face protection, corrective lenses, hearing protection, and protective head cover.
2. Medical facilities should consider the following factors when selecting respirators: the types of contaminants and their concentrations and relative toxicity, as well as compliance with applicable regulations; the physical circumstances of the user; the environmental conditions; the length of time protection is required, and the kinds of activity that need to be carried out while the device is being worn. Other important factors to be considered include: product availability, ease-of-use, reliability, and the service and technical assistance history of the manufacturer. When using the respirator, users should have a wide field of vision and the ability to communicate freely with others without having to remove the device.
3. Medical facilities are encouraged to select respirators that allow the use of cartridges, canisters, and filters from more than one manufacturer. These accessories have a significant replacement cost over the lifetime of a respirator.
4. Some face pieces can be used in both air purifying and air supplying devices. This is beneficial for facilities that require the use of both types of respirator.
5. Medical facilities should use the HR to determine the minimum APF needed. APF must be greater than or equal to the calculated HR.
6. A full-face elastomeric negative-pressure or chemical-resistant is recommended if a chemical can be absorbed through the skin and eyes.
7. Facilities should select a lightweight respirator with little or no breathing resistance, such as a PAPR, for conditions including strenuous work, long periods of use, or high heat and humidity. When a PAPR is required, it is recommended to test the flow rate of the unit using the protocol supplied by the manufacturer. A tight-fitting unit should provide a flow rate of 4 cfm, while a loose-fitting face piece, helmet, or hood should have airflow of at least 6 cfm.
8. In oxygen-deficient and/or IDLH atmospheres, or when the contaminant and/or concentration are unknown, it is recommended to use an atmosphere-supplying respirator. Facilities purchasing such a respirator should verify an airflow rate of 4-15 cfm for a tight fitting facepiece, while a loose-fitting facepiece, helmet, or hood should maintain an airflow rate of6-15 cfm. During use of an atmosphere-supplying respirator, users should ensure that the length and position of the air-line do not affect mobility or pose a tripping hazard.
9. Buying a replacement part - such as a gas cylinder, a battery, a facepiece, or a visor - may be significantly cheaper than replacing the entire respirator. Facilities should look for manufacturers who provide fit testing or any other support with the purchase of a respirator.
Questions for the Seller
Before you purchase your Air-Purifying Respirator, we recommend you ask the seller the following questions:
Air-Purifying APF
Half-face?
Full-face?
Atmosphere Supplying
Air line?
Pressure demand?
Does it include an air source?
Escape bottle?
Does it include a compressor?
Inspections Forms
When you order an inspection prior to purchase, we highly recommend that you use the following inspections forms:
Mobile High-Efficiency-Filter Air Cleaners
Pulmonary Resuscitators, Gas-Powered
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Alternating Pressure Bed
Bed with electrically controlled inflatable air cushions
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_m6abef2e5.jpgElectrically controlled beds with inflatable fabric cushions using automated air compressor. Inflation and deflation intervals are controlled. Used for patients with problems that specifically concern skin such as burns, and for patients suffering circulatory problems to prevent ulcers and skin breakdown.
Tips for Buying an Alternating Pressure Bed
1. Alternating pressure beds should support a maximum weight of 159 kg, which should accommodate most patients. However, for bariatric patients, they should support 272 kg or more, depending on the individual patient.
2. Alternating pressure beds should have casters of at least 12 cm in diameter. To ensure that the air bed remains stationary when necessary, brakes are required.
3. For safety purposes, the air-fluidized beds should include CPR controls that, when triggered, provide a hard surface on which CPR can be performed.
4. Noise levels of operating these alternating pressure beds should not exceed 35 dBA, which is the typical sound level in a quiet hospital.
5. When the air bed or air-pressure mattress is not functioning within specified ranges, the system should alarm.
6. To allow constant functioning of the alternating pressure bed during transport and power outages, a battery backup or other feature should be available.
7. Specialty care beds are expensive and have limited application. Buyers should compare the cost of buying vs. leasing them when needed. Facilities should ask suppliers for training programs for clinical personnel who will be using these alternating pressure beds.
8. Specialty air-fluidized bed frames should have side rails that can be locked in the upright position. To prevent slippage, mattress overlays should have straps.
9. There is no compelling evidence that one support surface performed better than others, under all circumstances.
10. The alternating pressure bed's surface should match the patient, so when selecting a support surface for the alternating pressure bed, caregivers should consider the clinical condition of the patient, characteristics of the care setting, and characteristics of the support surface.
11. Low-air-loss and air-pressure mattress replacements and overlays are often cheaper than low-air-loss beds because they use a standard bed as the platform. However, facilities should know that mattress overlays and replacements may have a shorter life span than low-air-loss beds.
12. Mattresses and overlays eliminate the need to store two large bed frames because an existing bed frame is used. However, mattress overlays and mattress replacements may not be compatible with all hospital beds.
13. Buyers need to determine whether air-fluidized bed or low-air-loss therapies are necessary in the hospital. Home use of these therapies may be a better option.
14. Facilities should keep in mind that surfaces that can be laundered require cleaning and disinfecting, especially in the case of overlays and air-pressure mattress replacements. Specially treated surfaces may require chemical disinfection or other special handling.
Questions for the Seller
Before you purchase your Alternating Pressure Bed, we recommend you ask the seller the following questions:
Accessories
Does it include a compressor?
Does it include an input air filter?
Does it include a pressure gauge?
General Information
Are there any signs of rust?
Does the mattress of the bed keep the pressure?
Inspections Forms
When you order an inspection prior to purchase, we highly recommend that you use the following inspections forms:
Beds - Air-Fluidized and Low Pressure
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Alternating Pressure Mattress
Inflatable mattresses designed for pressure relief
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_m689cf64e.jpgControlled air loss inflatable mattresses designed for pressure relief, and to avoid skin maceration. Inflation and deflation are alternated in a controlled manner in order to both support patient and relieve pressure. May be used for both patients at risk, and for those who have already developed skin conditions which need management.
Tips for Buying an Alternating Pressure Mattress
1. These beds should support a maximum weight of 159 kg, which should accommodate most patients. However, for bariatric patients, they should support 272 kg or more, depending on the individual patient.
2. Beds should have casters of at least 12 cm in diameter. To ensure that the bed remains stationary when necessary, brakes are required.
3. For safety purposes, the beds should include CPR controls that, when triggered, provide a hard surface on which CPR can be performed.
4. Noise levels of operating these beds should not exceed 35 dBA, which is the typical sound level in a quiet hospital.
5. When the bed or mattress is not functioning within specified ranges, the system should alarm.
6. To allow constant functioning of the bed during transport and power outages, a battery backup or other feature should be available.
7. Specialty care beds are expensive and have limited application. Buyers should compare the cost of buying vs. leasing them when needed. Facilities should ask suppliers for training programs for clinical personnel who will be using these beds.
8. Specialty bed frames should have side rails that can be locked in the upright position. To prevent slippage, mattress overlays should have straps.
9. There is no compelling evidence that one support surface performed better than others, under all circumstances.
10. The surface should match the patient, so when selecting a support surface, caregivers should consider the clinical condition of the patient, characteristics of the care setting, and characteristics of the support surface.
11. Low-air-loss and alternating-pressure mattress replacements and overlays are often cheaper than low-air-loss beds because they use a standard bed as the platform. However, facilities should know that mattress overlays and replacements may have a shorter life span than low-air-loss beds.
12. Mattresses and overlays eliminate the need to store two large bed frames, because an existing bed frame is used. However, mattress overlays and mattress replacements may not be compatible with all hospital beds.
13. Buyers need to determine whether air-fluidized or low-air-loss therapies are necessary in the hospital. Home use of these therapies may be a better option.
14. Facilities should keep in mind that surfaces that can be laundered require cleaning and disinfecting, especially in the case of overlays and mattress replacements. Specially treated surfaces may require chemical disinfection or other special handling.
Questions for the Seller
Before you purchase your Alternating Pressure Mattress, we recommend you ask the seller the following questions:
Accessories
Does it include a compressor?
Does it include an input air filter?
Does it include a pressure gauge?
General Information
Is there any loss of pressure?
Inspections Forms
When you order an inspection prior to purchase, we highly recommend that you use the following inspections forms:
Beds - Air-Fluidized and Low Pressure
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Ambulatory Infusion Pump
Liquids infusion pumps for ambulatory use
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_61085cb2.jpgInfusion pumps with disposable syringe or bag reservoir, small enough to be worn by ambulatory patients. These pumps are used to deliver therapeutic drugs. They can deliver liquids intravenously, epidurally, or subcutaneously. The pumps have a battery powered mechanism (which includes peristaltic, syringe-driven, elastomeric, and osmotic mechanisms) for propelling the infusate, with a flow control mechanism, and a display for user prompts and alarm.
Tips for Buying an Ambulatory Infusion Pump
1. Ambulatory Infusion Pumps are used to deliver parenteral agents from syringes or collapsible bags. Their size should be small enough so that patients can comfortably wear or carry them. During sleep they should not disturb the patient, and during daily use they should not be conspicuous.
2. Medical facilities should carefully select patients to ensure successful insulin infusion therapy. The patients should be motivated and mature with a history of good compliance with insulin therapy.
3. All pumps should be able to run for at least 72 hours without draining the reservoir or depleting the batteries. Pumps should have a flow range of <=0.5 to >=100 mL/hr and maintain a flow accuracy of 5%. Ambulatory infusion pumps should be capable of operating in a continuous infusion mode, though it is desirable for pumps to offer additional modes. In a Peristaltic pump, a set of rollers pinches down on a length of flexible tubing, pushing fluid forward.
4. Luer-lock fittings or integral tubing, distal air filters, and air-in-line detectors may be used as protection methods against air embolism in ambulatory infusion, ambulatory insulin pumps and peristaltic infusion pumps that can deliver from an external reservoir.
5. Volumetric Infusion Pumps should detect an upstream occlusion and suspend infusion when downstream pressure is >=10 psi. The bolus volume released after an occlusion is cleared should be 0.5 mL.
6. Volumetric Infusion Pumps can be utilized for continuous or intermittent delivery through clinically acceptable routes of administration such as: intravenous (IV), intra-arterial (IA), subcutaneous, epidural, or irrigation of fluid spaces applications
7. Free flow protection should be part of any ambulatory and ambulatory infusion pump. Audible alarms should sound for all conditions that might interrupt infusion, including: high pressure/occlusion, low or depleted battery, reservoir-side obstruction, pump malfunction, air-in-line, and empty or near empty reservoir.
8. Ambulatory Infusion Pump alarm volumes should be adjustable with settings loud enough for critical alarms and soft enough for social situations. The pumps should have data logs that can store up to 200 events including: volume delivered, program settings, error codes, alarms, and rate.
9. Display screens in ambulatory insulin infusion pumps, volumetric infusion pumps and peristaltic infusion pumps should be clear and easy-to-read and should indicate: time, basal rate, bolus dose, and accumulated dose.
10. All ambulatory insulin infusion pumps offered should be able to deliver basal flows of 5 to 100 U/day with a resolution of 2 U/day. The recommended ones are those with a bolus dose range of <=0.5 to >=25 U/bolus with a resolution of <=0.5 units.
Questions for the Seller
Before you purchase your Ambulatory Infusion Pump, we recommend you ask the seller the following questions:
Controls
Is it programmable?
Alarms
Reservoir unlocked?
Temp alarm silence?
Air-in-line?
Infusion near end?
Reservoir empty?
System malfunction?
Low battery?
Transtelephonic
Status check?
Programming?
Data Log
Display?
Printout?
Time/date stamp?
Inspections Forms
When you order an inspection prior to purchase, we highly recommend that you use the following inspections forms:
Infusion Devices
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Amino Acid Analyzer
Analyzer of primary and secondary amino acid levels in physiologic fluids
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_m597dd8ae.jpgPrimary and secondary amino acids in physiologic fluids are detected and measured by this automated analyzer, utilizing ion-exchange or reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography techniques. In clinical use it is also possible to monitor treatment of genetically produced disorders in protein metabolism.
Tips for Buying an Amino Acid Analyzer
1. Automated features should be a factor for facilities considering the purchase of amino acid analyzers. Some automatic features can best facilitate sample analysis, and automatic sample injection is preferred to manual injection.
2. It is best if the clinical laboratory HPLC amino acid analyzers can interface with a laboratory information system for easier collection and reporting diagnostic test results. Displaying results and other data should be available both on a monitor and as a printout.
3. Rustproof material should make up the sample amino acid analyzer's column, to ensure greater life expectancy. The column should generally be 10-150 cm long and 2-5 mm wide.
4. When using an amino acid analyzer, to ensure sufficient separation of the sample, the particle size should be as uniform as possible. The following pumps are generally acceptable: dual piston, single-piston, and syringe eluent pumps. Pumps should have a pressure limit of at least 2,000 psi.
5. Facilities need to assess the HPLC amino acid analyzers in their own clinical environment for a few weeks before making a purchase. On-site evaluation allows laboratories to test the qualities of the amino acid analyzer instrument, as reported by the manufacturer with the workload and sample types they normally handle.
6. Facilities should prefer amino acid analyzer devices that diminish the risk of infection involved with handling any body-fluid specimen, by minimizing operator contact with specimens.
7. Procedures may become more complex and sophisticated in certain situations when purchasing or upgrading an amino acid analyzer device. Implications may include additional staff training and certification, as well as changes in quality control, proficiency testing, quality assurance programs, and other laboratory procedures.
8. Computer interface capability is another significant factor to keep in mind. The effectiveness of the HPLC amino acid analyzer interface with the existing laboratory information system or the facility's central computer system, is extremely important for inputting test data and verifying testing accuracy.
Inspections Forms
When you order an inspection prior to purchase, we highly recommend that you use the following inspections forms:
Medical laboratory device
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Anaerobic Chamber
Airtight chambers providing anaerobic environment for laboratory testing needs
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_1733d598.jpgAn anaerobic laboratory environment, for growth of specimen cultures, testing, and/or incubation in a strictly oxygen-free environment. These large airtight containers are of rigid stainless steel, flexible acrylic, or vinyl. Chamber is accessible using gloves sealed into the wall, in order to sustain anaerobic conditions. Isolation and culturing of anaerobes is facilitated by use of specialized equipment, which includes integral or modular antechamber airlock entry port with fittings for vacuum pump and gas connection, catalyst box, and oxygen monitor.
Tips for Buying an Anaerobic Chamber
1. In the system specification chart, users can find recommendations for minimum requirements for safe and effective anaerobic chambers or anaerobic glove boxes.
2. These devices are designed to provide a stable, oxygen-free environment for the growth and study of anaerobic microorganisms.
3. It is recommended that these anaerobic chamber devices contain an oxygen monitor, as well as a method for circulating anoxic gases through the chamber.
4. A preferred feature, though not a required one, is an integral vacuum pump.
5. For a safe and reliable anaerobic chamber system, vacuum gauges and pressure regulators are required features. Humidity removal is also necessary to prevent the growth of contaminants.
6. Facilities needing rapid culturing and identification of large volumes of microbial agents should consider purchasing anaerobic chambers or glove boxes.
7. The chamber and the antechamber must be large enough to allow for a reasonable-sized working space.
8. Some anaerobic box suppliers offer add-on work chambers, trays, and plate racks.
9. Automated antechambers are frequently used with manual antechambers to assist with the initial evacuation of the chamber. The automated antechambers lessen the time of entry into the chamber.
10. Anaerobic box models containing internal incubators or heating blocks diminish contamination, because they eliminate the need to move the specimens to external anaerobic environments.
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Analytical Scale
Highly accurate analytical balances and scales, designed for laboratory and other accurate weighing use
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_m65be1ca7.jpgHigh precision analytic mechanical balances and scales, electronic or mechanical, with an accurate weighing range of up to 200g, and a readability of 0.01-1 mg. Used for clinical, pharmaceutical and toxicological laboratories. This balances produce data with superior reproducibility and stability.
Tips for Buying an Analytical Scale
1. Before making an analytical scale purchase, buyers need to consider the minimum load, the maximum weight needed for the scale to weigh, and the scale's reproducibility and linearity. A full list of applications and features contained in an analytical scale can be found in the model's user manual.
2. Typically, analytical electronic balance scales using AC power adapters are more accurate than battery-operated models.
3. Facilities should inquire whether the analytical scale weighs only in grams or whether it has multiple weighing units, such as the option for % weighing, piece counting, target weighing (weighing of packed products for fill weight), or supports density (underhook) weighing . Moisture balances can be used to determine loss on drying of samples.
4. Certain analytical scale models can transfer data to a computer or printer. Facilities should look into whether interface cables for PCs or printers, or communications software are included with the microanalytical balance.
5. The method of calibration that the microanalytical balance has is an important factor to consider. Internal calibration balances use an internal weight to automatically calibrate the instrument at a preset time, or due to changes in temperature, or upon request; while external analytical electronic calibration balances are manually calibrated by placing a calibration test weight on the balance pan.
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Anesthesia Cart
Carts for use during anesthesia procedures with appropriate storage space
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_m62a7475.jpgAnesthetist carts equipped with all storage features necessary for organizing equipment, including instruments and drugs for use during anesthesia procedures. An easily cleaned work surface provides space to prepare all items that may be needed during anesthesia procedures.
Tips for Buying an Anesthesia Cart
1. Before making the purchase, buyers should examine the cart's stability, durability, maintenance requirements, and maneuverability.
2. If drugs are to be stored in the cart, then security features are an important factor for buyers.
3. These units should include several drawers and shelves for storage of drugs, disposables, and other instruments.
4. To help separate contents in a logical fashion, dividers should be available as an option.
5. To help control access to the cart, locks or seals should be standard.
6. To provide stability during transport, casters should be large enough and include at least 2 locks to prevent unwanted movement.
7. To help users tailor the carts to meet specific needs, manufacturers should offer a wide range of accessories.
8. Manufactures offer a wide range of features, including varying numbers and sizes of drawers, shelves, and compartments.
9. Facilities are encouraged to seek a group purchase discount because acquisition usually involves several carts.
10. Customized carts can be made according to the specific needs of an individual facility.
Questions for the Seller
Before you purchase your Anesthesia Cart, we recommend you ask the seller the following questions:
Drawers
Does it include Dividers?
Does it include Lock or seal?
Casters
Does it include Conductive casters?
Does it have brakes?
Accessories
Does it include an equipment hanger?
Does it include a tape dispenser?
Does it include an IV pole?
Does it include a waste container?
Does it include a sharps disposal?
Does it include a lockbox?
Does it include a drawer tray?
Does it include a record holder?
Does it include a supply basket?
Does it include a portable light?
Does it include an electrical outlet strip?
Does it include a long catheter container?
Does it have divided organizers?
Does it include a bag/bottle holder?
Does it include a drug transfer tray?
Does it include a spare gas tank carrier?
General Information
Does it include a top guardrail?
Does it include push handles?
Does it include shelves?
Does it include accessory clips/rail?
Is it all Stainless steel?
Are there any Plastic/composed materials parts?
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Anesthesia Machine
Ventilator device transferring specified gas mixtures to patient during anesthesia
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_3bc2babc.jpgAn anesthesia unit including integral or optional ventilator. The ventilator uses positive pressure to transfer specified gas mixtures to the lungs. The gas mixture is produced by the anesthesia unit according to anesthetist's requirements.
Tips for Buying an Anesthesia Machine
1. Buyers can purchase customized modular systems assembled from standard components or they can put together their own modular systems.
2. Standardization of anesthesia equipment should be seriously considered. Facilities should choose systems that are compatible with the equipment already in their possession, reduce parts inventory, minimize the number of suppliers and service personnel, and diminish confusion.
3. A preferred unit is one that accepts compressed-air input, to allow delivery of air and N2O.
4. It shouldn't be possible to deliver air and N2O simultaneously. Anesthetic vapor concentration delivered to the common gas outlet should be accurate within 0.2% vapor concentration of agent, or 10% of the set value at any gas flow.
5. It is preferable that ventilation rate and PEEP values will be monitored.
6. The anesthesia unit should include a gas supply and control circuit, breathing and ventilation circuit, and a scavenging system.
7. The units must be able to measure O2 concentration, airway pressure, and either the volume of expired gas or the concentration of expired CO2.
8. Medium performance units can be upgraded to high performance units by adding stand-alone physiologic and/or gas monitors.
9. Pre-configured monitoring offers advantages such as convenience, electronically integrated displays and prioritized alarms.
10. If the facility already owns the monitors, it can use modular systems, which can be cheaper than preconfigured systems.
11. Pulse oximeters provide a spectrophotometer assessment of hemoglobin oxygenation by measuring light transmitted through a capillary bed, synchronized with the pulse.
12. Line-powered units should be equipped with a power loss alarm, while battery-powered units should have an automatic low-battery alarm. If line power is interrupted, the anesthesia unit should automatically switch to the internal battery.
Questions for the Seller
Before you purchase your Anesthesia Machine, we recommend you ask the seller the following questions:
General
What is the date of the last periodic maintenance?
Software installed? (Name + Version)
System Features
Is an airway pressure monitor included?
Is a high-pressure alarm included?
Is an expiratory vol/flow monitor included?
Is an O2 failsafe device included?
Is a hypoxic mixture failsafe device included?
Is an O2 concentration monitor included?
Is a disconnection/leak/obstruction alarm included?
Is an automatic ventilator included?
Does it have pediatric capability?
Does it have neonatal capability?
Is a suction system included?
General Information
Is a scavenging system included?
Is it FDA certified?
Is it CE certified?
Is a back-up battery included?
Is it a trolley mount unit?
Is it a wall mount unit?
Is it a rail mount unit?
Is it a ceiling suspended pendant mount unit?
Inspections Forms
When you order an inspection prior to purchase, we highly recommend that you use the following:
Anesthesia Unit Ventilators
Anesthesia Units
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Apheresis Machine
Automated units for blood component collection, separation, and reinfusion
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_m2971bd9c.jpgAphereses units separate blood components using centrifugation and/or filtration, depending on the specific blood product to be separated. These automated devices, complete with centrifugation chamber, filters, and safety detectors, can be used in blood donations and for therapeutic purposes. These units can be used to collect blood products (donors), separate substances for removal or exchange, or a combination of these procedures.
Tips for Buying an Apheresis Machine
1. These units must allow users to manually set the anticoagulant ratio and the replacement fluid balance.
2. Some of the preferred features include: auto calculation of the anticoagulant, replacement volume, and extra corporeal volume. These units should have monitors or alarms, and a battery backup.
3. Standardization of equipment is important for reducing costs for training, inspection and preventive maintenance.
4. Providing users with training for these units is extremely important.
Questions for the Seller
Before you purchase your Apheresis Machine, we recommend you ask the seller the following questions:
General Software installed? (Name + Version)
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Apnea Alarm
Airway pressure alarms signaling ventilation failure
Alarms used in critical and non-critical ventilators, breathing circuit connections, and anesthesia circuits. They warn of high or low pressure changes in airway circuits of mechanically ventilated patients, indicating ventilation failure.
Tips for Buying an Apnea Alarm
1. A remote alarm feature should be available.
2. The airway pressure alarm should have a continuous elevated pressure alarm. If operated on line power, it should also have a power failure alarm.
3. Battery-operated apnea alarm systems should have a low-battery indicator.
4. Both visual and audible alarms should be part of the breathing circuit monitor unit: there should be an apnea alarm delay of 5 to 100 seconds, a low-pressure alarm of 2 to 30 cm H2O, and a high-pressure alarm of 5 to 100 cm H2O.
5. Audible and visual airway pressure alarms should be clear and noticeable.
6. Apnea alarm systems offering volume adjustments should not allow users to turn the volume down, so it is not likely to be heard. When silencing an alarm, there must be a clear visual display. Turning off visual alarms should be impossible. Alarms should remain until the condition is corrected.
7. Users should protect the breathing circuit monitors in the appropriate way against loss of power.
Questions for the Seller
Before you purchase your Apnea Alarm, we recommend you ask the seller the following questions:
Pressure Alarm Parameters
Does it include PEEP, cm H2O?
Does it include I/E ratio?
Does it include CPAP, cm H2O?
Does it include continued elevated pressure, sec?
Does it include subatmosphere pressure?
Does it include respiratory rate?
Does it include MAP, cm H2O?
Pressure Alarm
Low Battery?
Low-Battery Test Function?
Line-Power Failure?
System Alarm Parameters
Low battery?
Low-battery test function?
Line-power failure?
Other (free text)
Alarm Types
Does it include an audible alarm?
Does it include a visual alarm?
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Apnea Monitor
Devices which detect breathing stops (apnea)
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_6360de7a.jpgApnea monitors measure respiration parameters in order to detect instances where breathing stops. Audio- visual alarms note changes in respiratory rate or air volume. Alarm activation parameters can be set by user. Respiration can be sensed mechanically or directly, using thermistors and carbon dioxide sensors.
Tips for Buying an Apnea Monitor
1. These devices are designed to detect the cessation of breathing in infants and adults who are at risk of respiratory failure and alert the parent or attendant in such a condition.
2. The apnea monitors should interpret clinical waveforms, accurately detect respiration, avoid misinterpreting inappropriate signals as breaths, and incorporate an adjustable bradycardia alarm setting.
3. Breath rates up to 90 bpm should be detected; the minimum bradycardia alarm limit should be 30 bpm. If a respiration rate meter is included, it should be accurate to within 10%.
4. Each detected breath should activate a light to indicate respiration. The visual indicator should be bright enough to be seen from across the room, in a well-lit room at varying angles.
5. Clear visible and/or audible alarms should be available. Users will not be able to turn the volume down on an audible alarm so it could not be heard. An audible alarm silence is acceptable, but the alarm must recur automatically if the condition is present, and a visual display should clearly indicate which alarm is silenced.
6. For safe and effective monitoring, several features are crucial. These include a built-in heart rate detector, a remote alarm, a power-loss alarm, and a battery-charge or AC-power indicator.
7. Other important features include: documentation capabilities, output jacks for additional devices, such as recorders and pulse oximeters. The maximum respiratory sensitivity should be 0.2 to 0.3 ohms. The sensitivity control should be automatic to prevent user error. When a manual control is provided, it should be graduated to facilitate adjusting and troubleshooting.
8. Home monitors include some important features to ensure that alarms are always seen and heard. Among these are visual alarms that can be seen from a variety of angles, loud and distinct audible alarms, and remote alarms.
9. To prevent tampering, some of these home units feature hidden alarm controls.
10. Manufacturers and facilities often offer home care services for setting up and maintaining the monitor. These should include educational support, 24-hour telephone hotlines, and replacement equipment in the event of a failure.
11. Suppliers must provide parents or caregivers with training in the use of a home monitor. To ensure that the monitor performs effectively, safety practices should be followed.
Questions for the Seller
Before you purchase your Apnea Monitor, we recommend you ask the seller the following questions:
Breath Detector
Does it include a visual alarm memory?
Does it include a ratemeter?
Does it have a disable indicator?
Does it have a malfunction alarm?
ECG Functions
Does it include a ratemeter?
Does it have a heart rate alarm?
Does it have memory?
Does it have a lead-fault alarm?
Does it have a malfunction alarm?
Memory
Is a computer required?
Is a computer included?
Is a battery backup included?
Inspections Forms
When you order an inspection prior to purchase, we highly recommend that you use the following inspections forms:
Apnea Monitors
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Argon Coagulator
Electrosurgical units capable of delivering argon gas for coagulation purposes
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_m76e6b938.jpgArgon gas delivery systems on mobile carts. These units can be connected to electrosurgical units that perform both monopolar and bipolar (without use of argon) functions. Gas and electric current can be delivered simultaneously. Argon enhanced electrosurgical units are used for coagulation of large surfaces, in a rapid and uniform manner.
Tips for Buying an Argon Coagulator
1. These units should come with a solid-state generator, with a typical frequency range of 0.3 to 1 MHz. They should have an isolated monopolar output, a hand switch, a footswitch, and bipolar output.
2. The output power for monopolar cutting should not exceed 300 W, and the open circuit voltage should not exceed 2,000 peak-to-peak volts. These values apply for general-purpose use.
3. For coagulation, the output and open circuit voltage should not exceed 120 W and 6,000 peak-to-peak volts, respectively. Bipolar mode should use no more than 50 W and 300 peak-to-peak volts.
4. Units should include the following: a return electrode contact quality monitor, independent output, visual and audible activation indicators, alarm capable of volumes higher than 45 dB at one meter, power-setting display, and convection or fan cooling system.
5. Argon-enhanced units should have a flow range of 0 to 10 L/min, a tank capacity of more than 1,200 L (42 ft3), and a low-pressure alarm. The device should include an alarm capable of volumes higher than 45 dB at one meter.
6. There are numerous designs of electrosurgical units, and facilities should base their comparisons among devices according to characteristics, usefulness of features, safety, and reliability - all of these affect clinical performance.
7. Users who are considering which argon-enhanced coagulation system to purchase, should determine whether they wish to expand their current electrosurgical system with a compatible argon module or get a new one with an integral argon unit.
Inspections Forms
When you order an inspection prior to purchase, we highly recommend that you use the following inspections forms:
Argon-Enhanced Coagulation Units
Tips and Guidelines for Buying an Arthroscope
Internal visual evaluation of joints, especially during surgery
tmp_929ede792fc93e9759bd9a8be6832f55_bW9XwN_html_m44798744.jpgArthroscopes have a rigid external casing, a working channel for catheters and other working devices, and a lighting system. They are inserted into a joint to allow visual evaluation, as well as biopsy and treatment of lesions if necessary. A television camera electronically transmits images for display and video recording.
Tips for Buying an Arthroscope
1. Standard arthroscope and articular cavity endsoscope units should permit connection to all common models of camera heads.
2. Video arthroscopes should be compatible not only with the facility's current video processors, but also with more recent processor models offered by the same manufacturer.
3. To ensure compatibility, facilities are encouraged to buy arthroscopes and accessories from the same manufacturer. Anthroscope accessories may include video monitors, specially designed leg or arm holders, scissors, and knives.
4. To permit connection to all common light source designs, manufacturers should offer a wide variety of light guides.
5. Facilities need to consider the reprocessing methods approved by the rigid endoscope manufacture. The more options, the better the facility may effectively manage its inventory.
6. Facilities should prefer scopes that are also compatible with autoclaving and other fast sterilization methods.
7. Facilities are strongly encouraged to use the arthroscopes that they wish to purchase on a trial basis; this will allow surgeons to directly compare