Ypsilanti:: A History in Pictures
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About this ebook
James Thomas Mann
James Thomas Mann is a local historian at Ypsilanti, Michigan, and is the author of nine published books on local history. His works include Wicked Washtenaw County, Wicked Ann Arbor and Wicked Ypsilanti, and he is a frequent contributor to the Ypsilanti Gleanings, the publication of the Ypsilanti Historical Society. Mann is the host of the Highland Cemetery Lantern Tours every October.
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Ypsilanti: - James Thomas Mann
1890S
INTRODUCTION
Ypsilanti is a small city with a remarkable history. Since it was founded in 1823, Ypsilanti has experienced developments in education, industry, and social activity. It began as a pioneer community on the edge of the frontier, and has grown into a modern city with an exciting future.
The site that is now Ypsilanti was the point where an old Indian trail crossed the Huron River. Three Frenchmen—Gabriel Godfroy, Francois Pepin, and Romaine LaChambre—founded a trading post there in 1809. Known as Godfroy’s on the Pottawatomie Trail,
it was the first permanent structure in what is now Washtenaw County. The post stood on the bluff overlooking the Huron River, on what is now Huron Street, just south of Michigan Avenue. This was most likely a simple structure, a block house made of logs enclosed by a palisade. There Godfroy and his partners conducted business with the Native Americans who camped in the area. They traded gunpowder and other items for the fur of beaver and other animals.
In 1811,
wrote Harvey C. Colburn in The Story of Ypsilanti, published in 1923, the three Frenchmen took up large tracts of land in the vicinity, which were later known as the French Claims. The northern boundary of the claims, beginning at the river, followed the line of the present Forest Avenue and so on in a south-westerly direction for about two miles. The line then turned south-easterly at right angles, running for two miles, and then turned again to a point of intersection with the river. The claims thus included an area of approximately two square miles, or about 2,500 acres, with the river as its eastern boundary. This region was divided into four practically equal sections running westerly from the river, each half a mile wide and two miles long. The northern region belonged LaChambre, the next to Godfroy, the next to Godfroy’s children and the southern region belonged to Pepin.
The deeds were signed by President James Madison. The boundaries of the French Claims still appear on maps of Ypsilanti today.
The Native Americans, feeling the encroachment of the Americans, moved west, and by 1820, the traders had followed them. The trading post now stood empty, and was allowed to fall into ruin.
In 1825, the territorial government of Michigan commissioned Orange Risdon to survey a road linking Detroit and Chicago. He found his task made easy,
wrote Colburn, by the existence of the old Indian trail from Detroit to the Huron Valley. Following this route, he avoided such obstructions as bluffs and swamps and crossed the streams at the most advantageous points.
The surveyed route passed just south of the old trading post. For this reason three enterprising men—Federal Judge Augustus Brevoot Woodward of Detroit, John Stewart, and William H. Harwood—purchased the French Claims from the families of Godfroy, Pepin and LaChambre, and platted a village there as soon as the road was surveyed. It was Judge Woodward, a lover of all things classical, who named the village Ypsilanti. Other names were considered, including Waterville,
in recognition of the power that the Huron River provided to local mills. Some suggested the names of the towns in New York State from which they had come, a common practice at the time, but Judge Woodward stood firm. He was the lead investor in the venture, and his was the dominant personality. His choice may have been a wise one, as the name Ypsilanti remains distinct from the names of other communities.
Soon settlers purchased their lots, built their homes and started businesses. Their lives were difficult. They faced hardships, suffered failures, and eventually enjoyed successes. Over time, they built a new community.
Throughout the years that followed, the people of Ypsilanti would see many changes. Their town has been the home of interesting people and the site of colorful events. The railroad first came through Ypsilanti in 1838, and had a major effect on the city. No longer a frontier community, Ypsilanti was connected to the world. Now the people of Ypsilanti could ship their goods to distant markets and have the latest in modern conveniences delivered almost to their door.
Ypsilanti was also a major station in a different type of railroad, the Underground Railroad, and many prominent citizens were proud to take part. Dr. Helen McAndrew was the first female physician in Washtenaw County. She treated her patients from her octagonal house on South River Street. Dr. McAndrew and her husband, William, were active in the Underground Railroad and later in the Temperance movement. Ypsilanti became known around the world for its mineral water, the Michigan Central Gardens, and underwear. As a center of education, it was home to the Normal School which is now Eastern Michigan University. The story of Ypsilanti is one well worth telling.
I wish to express my gratitude to the Ypsilanti Historical Society, the Archives of Eastern Michigan University, and especially to Maria Davis and Rosina Tammany for helping me tell the story of Ypsilanti in pictures.
One
THE EARLY YEARS 1823–1849
The city of Ypsilanti, Michigan, is named in honor of Demetrius Ypsilanti (1793–1832), hero of the War of Greek Independence. For 3 days Demetrius and his command of 300 men held the Citadel