Wicked Akron: Tales of Rumrunners, Mobsters and Other Rubber City Rogues
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About this ebook
Wicked Akron, Ohio takes the reader on a journey through the seedy underbelly of the city's history.
Akron is known as "the rubber capital of the world" and home to Goodyear. But look beneath those tires and you will find dirt…a lot of dirt! Explore Akron's darkest days, when citizens burned city hall to the ground and members of the Ku Klux Klan called the shots from the schoolhouse to the courthouse. Meet a grave robber who became a political leader, a mobster who ordered police murders and a beloved bootlegger turned bail bondsman. Say hello to Frank Hurn, a flashy, frenetic, fast-talking con man who was looking for suckers to invest in the Vulcans, an NFL team he promised to bring to Akron. From city saloon to suburban hideout, this is an alternative history lesson of the sometimes dicey coexistence of the well-heeled and the workers, men and women who lived big lives during Akron's fledgling days as a canal port, its pre-Depression heyday and zenith as a Midwestern industrial success story.
Author Kymberli Hagelberg, an award-winning journalist and native Northeast Ohioan, takes the reader on a morbidly-entertaining tour of the shadowy corners of Akron's history. With stories including mobsters and body snatchers, con men and Klansmen, plagues and fires, there is truly something for fans of local history and true crime stories.
Kymberli Hagelberg
Kymberli Hagelberg is a writer, award-winning journalist and native northeast Ohioan. Her work has appeared in newspapers and magazines, including the Akron Beacon Journal, the (Cleveland) Plain Dealer, the (Biloxi) Sun Herald and Billboard, and on National Public Radio. Hagelberg began her writing career as a music critic and entertainment editor. Most of her reporting has focused on politics, business and crime. She holds a bachelor's degree in communication and creative writing from Hiram College. Hagelberg lives outside Akron, Ohio, with her fiance, three cats and a dog in a happy house with an untidy garden. Wicked Akron is her first book.
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Wicked Akron - Kymberli Hagelberg
composition.
PART I
EARLY AKRON
Think of it as the Wild West.
Until 1803, the length of the Cuyahoga River between Akron and Cleveland was the western boundary of the United States. The city of Akron wouldn’t exist for another generation, Summit County was nearly forty years in the future and Portage Path was part of an Indian reservation.
Settlers fought the land, insects, disease and isolation to live on the fringe of early nineteenth-century society in Portage Township, the rugged frontier of the Connecticut Western Reserve. Aspirin, antibiotics and matches were all a century away from wide use. Those first residents generally lived in one-room cabins built on hand-cleared, heavily forested land with deep swamps and streams left over from the Ice Age. Roads were where you or your predecessors—trappers and sometimes squatters on your land—dug them. Keeping a fire stoked was a life-and-death endeavor. Settlers who failed the task found themselves traveling miles with a shovel in hand hoping to return home with hot coals provided by a generous neighbor.
In what is now East Akron, business took off in a village called Middlebury. By 1815, Middlebury was a commercial center of four hundred hardworking, hard-living men, women and children. Residents worked at the nail factory, gristmill or ironworks and could shop at about a dozen stores. Historian Karl Grismer described Middlebury as a lusty town
and Middleburians as enthusiastic customers of three village taverns, which also served as stagecoach stops, hotels and houses of entertainment for men and beast of a rather primitive character.
Though it became one of northeast Ohio’s biggest industrial centers, by 1825 Middlebury’s fall was imminent. Like most cities in the Western Reserve, Middlebury lacked a reliable way to export its products to the rest of the country and so was short of the cash that working people needed to pay their debts and taxes.
An unlikely, some said fantastic, solution was found in the construction of the Ohio & Erie Canal. It was a risk on which Simon Perkins built the city of Akron that we know today, and where the tales of Wicked Akron begin.
KILLER FOG
PLAGUE ON THE OHIO CANAL
The Ohio & Erie Canal was the engineering marvel of its day and saved the state’s economy at a time when transporting goods to market meant navigating through unpopulated and sometimes uninhabitable areas. About three thousand canal diggers worked on Ohio’s 309-mile project. The majority were canal diggers who originally came from New York to work on the Erie Canal. The rest were poor boys from the Western Reserve and Irish and German immigrants.
In 1827, hundreds of them are said to have perished when a plague took hold at Summit Lake that left the fledgling city of Akron a ghost town and spread as far north as Peninsula and Boston Heights. Workers blamed a killer fog
that rolled off the lake into their tents and canal-side shanties for the black tongue fever
that swept the camp at night. So many were wiped out in the epidemic that a saying from the time is still common among towpath tour guides today: There’s a dead Irishman for every mile of the Ohio & Erie Canal.
The acrid fumes that canal workers feared likely came from the methane created by fish and vegetation left to rot when Summit Lake was lowered for the canal—smelly, but not fatal. However, the decomposition did draw insects and contaminate the water, causing cholera, malaria and typhus up and down the canal. Nearly identical tales of epidemics are told about work on the Erie, Pennsylvania & Ohio and the southern leg of the Ohio & Erie canals.
Men fishing at Lock 1 in Akron. Workers cleared 230,000 cubic yards of mud, rock and thick vegetation to build the Akron leg of the canal. Akron–Summit County Library.
The sicknesses continued to spread in the summer of 1827 after the Fourth of July grand opening of the Akron to Cleveland leg of the canal. Workers lost to death and illness caused delay after delay on the completion of the portion of the canal between Summit Lake and Stark County.
Modern physicians credit the outbreaks to the lack of sanitation, poor nutrition and immune systems lowered by grueling labor. Workers soaked to the waist dug in the muck with picks and shovels to lower the lake by nine feet, whether temperatures sweltered or neared freezing. Other workers hauled heavy blocks of stone into the lake to form the locks or hacked away through heavy swamps clogged with spiny tamarack trees that cut their flesh. Building the canal by hand was a monumental task accomplished by workers who were underpaid, malnourished and often very ill. One Canal Commission report notes that 230,000 cubic yards of muck were removed to dredge a channel through the swamp at Summit Lake, then called Summit Pond. Workers wore tin smudge pots called Montezuma’s necklace to repel swarms of biting black flies and mosquitoes. The smoldering rocks and leaves that burned in the pots workers wore around their necks created a fog that kept the bugs away but left behind scars that ringed the workers’ necks for the rest of their days. Canal diggers worked from dawn to dusk and were paid pennies a day, plus a loaf of bread, a ration of too-often rotted meat and generous amounts of whiskey.
A canalboat on the water in Akron. Akron–Summit County Library.
Historian Karl Grismer writes that the plague spread to Middlebury, Peninsula, New Portage (Barberton) and Boston and that only four members of one Baptist church survived.
Harbor worker Ara Sprague gives this account of the typhoid and malaria outbreaks of the summer of 1827 in Cleveland in an 1881 report of the Early Settlers Association: In two months there were hardly well ones enough to take care of the sick. For over a month, I did not take my clothes off to go to bed. I took my sleep in a chair, or on the floor, ready for the first call. People were discouraged and anxious to leave.
The fate of plague victims was often dismissed since, at the time, the proper amount of faith was thought to cure disease. As in Cleveland, Summit Lake canal workers kept dying until there were not enough men to continue the work. Doctors bled plague sufferers, prescribed enemas for diarrhea and withheld water. Quite understandably,
Grismer wrote, sufferers died like flies.
Akron didn’t regain its lost population until the south leg of the canal opened in 1828. Most of the Irishmen rest in unmarked graves where they fell along the towpath at Summit Lake, which now is used as a bike trail.
THE HEADLESS BUTCHER
I die an innocent man.
Whispering these five barely audible last words, James Parks let a kerchief fall from his hand at the gallows to signal his own execution. It was the final act in a drama in which Parks orchestrated nearly every sensational detail. Through two trials, incendiary jailhouse speeches, botched suicide and escape attempts, Parks several times nearly escaped justice for the grisly beheading of William Beatson. It was Cuyahoga Falls’s crime of the (nineteenth) century.
In 1838, James Parks was a twenty-five-year-old Englishman sailing toward a new life. A working-class man of his time would have seen America as an escape from almost certain poverty, squalor and disease that awaited him in the West Yorkshire coal mines and textile mills—or, worse, commitment to one of Britain’s notorious workhouses.
As it turned out, Parks’s personal escape was even more complicated. He left England with another name, James Dickinson. On the boat he shed his past as a convicted highway robber and poacher, picking up the new last name Parks somewhere along the voyage to America. However bright was the young man’s dream of reinvention, upon arrival here, its actual light was brief.
Parks first lived in Rhode Island and Pennsylvania and, before long, was back to his former line of work. He was sent to prison for six years for robbing the grave of a rich ex–sea captain for the sterling silver on the man’s casket. Parks was arrested, and the only part of the coffin that turned out to be silver was its nameplate—worth far less than the reputed treasure, even in the mid-1840s. After his release, Parks was again arrested for highway robbery but escaped by pulling a gun on his jailers that he obtained from a poorly searched fellow prisoner.
From this point on, however, Parks appeared to have finally, if temporarily, reformed. He moved to Cleveland, bought an Ohio City tavern and returned