Ancient Egypt
By Ken Jennings and Mike Lowery
4/5
()
About this ebook
With this book about ancient Egypt, you’ll become an expert and wow your friends and teachers with awesome ancient facts: Did you know that some Egyptians used to shave their eyebrows whenever a cat died? Or that some people worshiped a god of lettuce? With great illustrations, cool trivia, and fun quizzes to test your knowledge, this guide will have you on your way to whiz-kid status in no time.
Ken Jennings
Ken Jennings is the New York Times bestselling author of Brainiac, Maphead, Because I Said So!, and Planet Funny. In 2020, he won the “Greatest of All Time” title on the quiz show Jeopardy! and in 2022, he succeeded Alex Trebek as a host of the show. He is living in Seattle during his mortal sojourn, but his posthumous whereabouts are still to be determined.
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Reviews for Ancient Egypt
6 ratings1 review
- Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5It is quite funny and it has cute pictures. Really NICE
Book preview
Ancient Egypt - Ken Jennings
Em hotep nefer! That, my friends, is a greeting that means In beautiful peace.
But you probably didn’t understand me, because I was using a language that hasn’t been heard on earth for centuries!
I’m Professor Jennings, and today we’re going to travel back in time to the Nile River Valley five thousand years ago and learn about life in one of history’s greatest civilizations: ancient Egypt! While most of the world was still living in caves and huts, the Egyptians were inventing geometry, writing, and toothpaste, not to mention building stone monuments fifty stories high.
How did they do it? What were their lives like? Where did they go?
I’m glad you are asking questions like this, because the official Junior Genius motto is Semper quaerens
— Always curious.
Let’s begin by saying the Junior Genius Pledge! Place your right finger to your temple, face this drawing of Albert Einstein, and repeat after me!
With all my fellow Junior Geniuses, I solemnly pledge to quest after questions, to angle for answers, to seek out, and to soak up. I will hunger and thirst for knowledge my whole life through, and I dedicate my discoveries to all humankind, with trivia not for just us but for all.
THE BLACK LAND
. . . And now we’re in the year 3500 BC, the very end of the Stone Age. Here are some things that haven’t been invented yet:
Bronze
Written language
The wheel
The world population is less than fifteen million. In our time that’s about the population of the Los Angeles area. But here in 3500 BC, that’s every single human being on earth.
The fall of Troy is more than two thousand years in the future. The Vikings are more than four thousand years away. It goes without saying that your parents and teachers haven’t been born yet, so don’t bother doing your homework tonight.
DRY, DRY AGAIN
Let’s say that we’ve traveled in space as well as time. We’re now in Africa, in the hottest desert on earth—the Sahara.
But the Sahara wasn’t always a desert. If we traveled back in time five thousand more years, we’d find a very different Sahara.
Back then the Sahara was a grassy savannah. There was plenty of rain, thanks to monsoon winds from the Mediterranean and melting glaciers from the previous ice age.
But around 4000 BC, that all changed. The rains stopped, the grass died, lakes and rivers dried up. Once the grasses were gone, the soil blew away, leaving only baked sand underneath.
Pretty much everyone left or died.
DELTA FORCE
But our story doesn’t end there, or this would be the worst time-travel trip ever!
It’s time to meet the main character in our story, the one who made Egyptian civilization happen. This character isn’t a priest or a pharaoh or one of those gods with the weird animal heads. It’s a river.
The Nile River is one of the longest rivers in the world. It runs more than half the length of Africa, from high in the mountains of Rwanda down to the Mediterranean Sea. That’s more than 4,000 miles, longer than the border between the contiguous United States and Canada.
EXTRA CREDIT
The Nile was long believed to be the world’s longest river, but in 2001 a group of National Geographic explorers climbed an extinct volcano in the Andes mountains of South America and discovered a new source for the Amazon River. It now looks like the Amazon might be a teensy bit longer than the Nile— by a hundred miles or fewer.
During the last one hundred miles of the Nile’s journey to the sea, it spreads out into a web of smaller rivers that drain into the Mediterranean. Areas like this are often triangular in shape, like the Greek letter delta, so they’re called river deltas.
When the Sahara was nice and green, the Nile delta was a terrible swamp that everyone stayed away from. But as the desert dried out, nomadic hunters migrated down to the river to find game. The Nile valley turned into a pretty great place to live.
Well, maybe pretty great
is overstating things a bit. The Egyptian desert certainly has its good points and its bad points.
BAD POINTS
The sand is crawling with venomous scorpions and snakes.
Blisteringly hot winds called khamsin blow in from the south every spring, causing sandstorms.
In the fall, locusts buzz in to eat your crops-but you get only about an inch of rain every year, so you might not have crops anyway.
The river is full of deadly hippos and crocodiles.
GOOD POINTS
The Nile rises twenty-three feet every summer, flooding the valley.
That’s right: Life in Egypt is so hard that an annual flood is as good as it gets!
Let me explain.
A RIVER FLOODS THROUGH IT
When the Nile flooded every June, it left behind a layer of black dirt called silt. Date palms and fig trees grew in this fertile soil. Farmers could plant wheat and barley there. The early Egyptians called their valley Kemet, meaning the black land.
The black land was only a mile wide in some places. Everything beyond was endless sand—Deshret, the red land.
BLACK IS BEAUTIFUL
Because of the color of Kemet’s fertile soil, black was the color of good luck in Egypt. Many of the statues of gods we’ve found in Egyptian tombs are painted with black resin. The color red was the opposite: It meant trouble. On an Egyptian calendar red symbols meant something bad had happened on that day-or was about to.
These floods were the only thing that made life in ancient Egypt possible. For the Egyptians, each year had three seasons:
The Egyptians didn’t know the Nile’s rise was because of snow melting in the mountains of southern Africa. In fact, they’d never even heard of snow. They thought the floods were caused by a goddess crying.
About once every five years, the Nile didn’t deposit enough silt, and there would be a famine.