Entity Framework Tutorial - Second Edition
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About this ebook
A comprehensive guide to the Entity Framework with insight into its latest features and optimizations for responsive data access in your projects
About This Book- Create Entity data models from your database and use them in your applications
- Learn about the Entity Client data provider and write statements in Entity SQL to perform CRUD operations
- Explore ADO.NET Data Services and how they work with the Entity Framework
If you are a C# developer who wants to learn a new way of querying data and utilizing it in applications efficiently for data binding or other operations, then this book is for you. Basic knowledge of ADO.NET is assumed.
What You Will Learn- Explore the features of the ADO.NET Entity Framework
- Understand the concepts of entities and their relationships
- Create an Entity Data Model using the ADO.NET Entity Data Model Designer and the EdmGen tool
- Extend existing Entity Types to create your own Entity Types
- Write programs against the Entity Data Model to perform CRUD operations
- Discover ADO.NET Data Services and learn how they can be used with the Entity Framework
- Familiarize yourself with WCF Data Services (formerly ADO.NET Data Services)
- Apply Code First, Model First and Database First approaches
The ADO.NET Entity Framework from Microsoft is a new ADO.NET development framework that provides a level of abstraction for data access strategies and solves the impedance mismatch issues that exist between different data models.
This book explores Microsoft's Entity Framework and explains how it can used to build enterprise level applications. It will also teach you how you can work with RESTful Services and Google's Protocol Buffers with Entity Framework and WCF. You will explore how to use Entity Framework with ASP.NET Web API and also how to consume the data exposed by Entity Framework from client applications of varying types, i.e., ASP.NET MVC, WPF and Silverlight. You will familiarize yourself with the new features and improvements introduced in Entity Framework including enhanced POCO support, template-based code generation, tooling consolidation and connection resiliency. By the end of the book, you will be able to successfully extend the new functionalities of Entity framework into your project.
Style and approachThis book is a step-by-step tutorial providing hands-on code examples with detailed explanations. The book aims to explain the concepts of the Entity Framework and illustrate how you can use these in applications with a tutorial based approach.
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Entity Framework Tutorial - Second Edition - Joydip Kanjilal
Table of Contents
Entity Framework Tutorial Second Edition
Credits
About the Author
About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com
Support files, eBooks, discount offers, and more
Why subscribe?
Free access for Packt account holders
Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Downloading the example code
Errata
Piracy
Questions
1. Introducing the ADO.NET Entity Framework
What you should know
Looking back
What is the ADO.NET Entity Framework?
Is Entity Framework just another ORM?
A comparative analysis of Entity Framework and other ORM tools
LINQ to SQL and .dbml files
Entity Framework architectural components
The Entity Data Model
How is the EDM represented?
The Object Model (O-Space)
LINQ to Entities
Entity Client
Entity SQL
Avoiding complex joins
The Object Services Layer
Features and benefits at a glance
System requirements
Support for persistence ignorance
Support for T4 code generation
Support for lazy loading
Support for POCO change tracking
Better n-tier support with self-tracking entities
Support for code-first, model-first, and database-first approaches
Support for built-in functions and UDF support
Support for model-defined functions
Enum support
Spatial data types support
Other enhancements
Performance improvements in Entity Framework 6
New features in Entity Framework 7
Summary
2. Getting Started
Designing the UserAuthentication database
Creating the EDM
Creating the Entity Data Model using the ADO.NET Entity Data Model Designer
Creating Entity Data Model using the EdmGen tool
The DataSource controls
The ObjectDataSource control
The SqlDataSource control
The SiteMapDataSource control
The XMLDataSource control
The LinqDataSource control
The EntityDataSource control
Implementing our first application using the Entity Framework
Summary
3. Entities, Relationships, and the Entity Data Model
Entities, entity types, and relationships in the EDM
What is an entity?
Defining entity sets in the EDM
Extending the existing entity types to create derived entity types
Association sets, associations, containment, and multiplicity
What are entity containers?
Exploring the Security EDM
The Mapping Details window
The Entity Model browser
The EDM layers
The CSDL schema
The SSDL schema
The MSL schema
Entity classes
Summary
4. Working with Stored Procedures in the Entity Data Model
Creating a database using model-first development
Creating stored procedures
Mapping stored procedures to functions in the EDM
Mapping the create, update, and delete functions to entities in the EDM
Mapping stored procedures with no entity set
Executing stored procedures using the EDM
Mapping stored procedures that return custom entity types
Summary
5. Working with Entity Client and Entity SQL
An overview of the E-SQL language
From T-SQL to E-SQL
Why E-SQL when I already have LINQ to Entities?
Features of E-SQL
Operators in E-SQL
Arithmetic operators
Comparison operators
Logical operators
Reference operators
Type operators
Set operators
Operator precedence
Expressions in E-SQL
Query expressions in E-SQL
Identifiers, variables, parameters, and types in E-SQL
Row
Collections
Reference
Canonical functions in E-SQL
Mathematical functions
Aggregate functions
String functions
Bitwise functions
Date and time functions
Data paging using E-SQL
Working with the ADO.NET Entity Client
Let's get into action
Building the connection string
Creating an entity connection
Opening the connection
Executing queries using the entity command
Closing the connection
Other operations with E-SQL
Inserting a record using E-SQL
Inserting a record with a foreign key constraint
Retrieving native SQL from EntityCommand
Transaction management in E-SQL
Deferred, eager, and lazy loading
Summary
6. Working with LINQ to Entities
Introducing LINQ
Why LINQ?
Understanding the LINQ architecture
LINQ to XML
LINQ to SQL
LINQ to Objects
LINQ to Entities
Querying data using LINQ to Entities
LINQ to Entities and Entity Framework
Differences between LINQ to Entities and LINQ to SQL
Parallel LINQ
Operators in LINQ
Aggregation
Projections
Ordering
Quantifiers
Restriction
Conversion
Element
Set
Querying data using LINQ
Expressions in LINQ to Entities
Constant expressions
Comparison expressions
Initialization expressions
Null comparisons
Navigation properties
Immediate and deferred query execution
Retrieving entity data from the Security database
Summary
7. Working with the Object Services Layer
What are Object Services?
Features at a glance
The SecurityDbEntity's DbContext class
Querying data as in-memory objects
Using Entity Framework 7
Performing CRUD operations on objects
Attaching and detaching objects to and from ObjectContext
Serializing and deserializing entity instances
Change tracking and identity resolution using ObjectContext
Understanding the code-first, model-first, and database-first approaches to domain design
Using the code-first approach
Using the model-first approach
Using the database-first approach
Inheritance in Entity Framework
Table-per-Hierarchy
Table-per-Type
Table-per-Concrete Type
Implementing complex types in the EDM
State management, identity management, and relationship management
Reading objects from the Security database
Inserting objects from the Security database
Editing objects from the Security database
Deleting objects from the Security database
Summary
8. Working with WCF Data Services
Introducing WCF Data Services
How do WCF Data Services and Web Services differ?
What is Representational State Transfer (REST)?
Why use WCF Data Services?
The features at a glance
Exposing data as a service using WCF Data Services
Why do we need REST?
Resources in REST-based architecture
The REST architectural constraints
The client-server model
Stateless
Cacheable
Code on demand
The uniform interface
Resource management
REST attributes
WebServiceHost
WebHttpBinding
WebHttpBehavior
WebOperationContext
WebMessageFormat
The WebGet attribute
The WebInvoke attribute
UriTemplate
REST-based Web Services
What is the OData Protocol?
Working with WCF Data Services and Entity Framework
Working with OData Services using WCF and ASP.NET MVC Framework
Working with Protobuf WCF Services
Protocol Buffers
Creating Protobuf-net objects
Integrating Protobuf.NET with Visual Studio
Implementing the WCF Service
Specifying binding information
Summary
A. Advanced Concepts
REST and REST-based service frameworks
Ruby on Rails
Restlet
Django REST
The Flickr REST API
The Google API
Yahoo Social REST APIs
Exploring OData
HTTP methods, request, and response codes
Abbreviations
New features in Entity Framework 7
Suggested reading
Index
Entity Framework Tutorial Second Edition
Entity Framework Tutorial Second Edition
Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: October 2008
Second edition: August 2015
Production reference: 1190815
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
Livery Place
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Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-78355-001-2
www.packtpub.com
Credits
Author
Joydip Kanjilal
Reviewers
Konstantinos Athanasoglou
Abhishek Luv
Jason De Oliveira
Nicholas Suter
Commissioning Editor
Kevin Colaco
Acquisition Editors
Kevin Colaco
Douglas Paterson
Content Development Editor
Riddhi Tuljapurkar
Technical Editor
Prajakta Mhatre
Copy Editors
Charlotte Carneiro
Ameesha Smith-Green
Project Coordinator
Sanchita Mandal
Proofreader
Safis Editing
Indexer
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Graphics
Disha Haria
Jason Monteiro
Abhinash Sahu
Production Coordinator
Manu Joseph
Cover Work
Manu Joseph
About the Author
Joydip Kanjilal has won a Microsoft Most Valuable Professional (MVP) award in ASP.NET. He is a speaker and author of several books and articles. He has over 18 years of industry experience in IT, with more than 12 years in Microsoft .NET and its related technologies. Joydip is currently working as a Principal Architect at SenecaGlobal IT Services Private Limited, Hyderabad. He has been selected as an MSDN Featured Developer of the Fortnight (MSDN) a number of times and has also been a Community Credit Winner at www.community-credit.com several times. He has authored the following books:
ASP.NET Web API: Build RESTful Web Applications and Services on the .NET Framework by Packt Publishing
Visual Studio 2010 and .NET 4 Six-in-One by Wrox Publishers
ASP.NET 4.0 Programming by Mc-Graw Hill Publishing
Entity Framework Tutorial by Packt Publishing
Pro Sync Framework by APRESS
Sams Teach Yourself ASP.NET Ajax in 24 Hours by Sams Publishing
ASP.NET Data Presentation Controls Essentials by Packt Publishing
He has authored more than 250 articles for some of the most reputable sites, such as www.msdn.microsoft.com, www.code-magazine.com, www.asptoday.com, www.devx.com, www.ddj.com, www.aspalliance.com, www.aspnetpro.com, www.sql-server-performance.com, www.sswug.com, and so on. A lot of these articles have been selected at www.asp.net, Microsoft's official site on ASP.NET.
He has years of experience in designing and architecting solutions for various domains. His technical strengths include C, C++, VC++, Java, C#, Microsoft .NET, AJAX, WCF, web-based APIs, REST, SOA, design patterns, SQL Server, operating systems, and computer architecture.
He can be contacted at:
http://aspadvice.com/blogs/joydip
http://www.infoworld.com/blog/microsoft-coder
Website: www.joydipkanjilal.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/joydipkanjilal
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/joydipkanjilal
LinkedIn: http://in.linkedin.com/in/joydipkanjilal
Writing a book has always been a rewarding experience for me. My special thanks to the entire Packt team for providing me with the opportunity to author this book—and turn this idea into reality. I am also thankful to the entire management team at SenecaGlobal for their continued support. I was delighted by the warm welcome I received when I joined the company and also for the inspiration I received from the management team here. I am very happy to be a part of this wonderful team.
My deepest respect and gratitude to my parents for their love, blessings, and encouragement. My special thanks to my wife for her continued inspiration and support. I am also thankful to my sister, and little Jini in particular, for their support.
Thank you all so much!
About the Reviewers
Konstantinos Athanasoglou holds a diploma and an MSc in electronics and computer engineering from the Technical University of Crete, Greece. He has been involved in speech and web application development on the .NET stack for more than 5 years.
He participated in the architecture and development of an automated framework that enabled the rapid prototyping of speech applications.
He is now part of the core development team at AirFastTickets, a rapidly growing online travel agency with offices in New York, Piraeus, London, Frankfurt, and Istanbul. It is now a major OTA in Greece.
Abhishek Luv received his BCA degree and completed a course on Startup Engineering taught at Stanford University via Coursera.
He has been developing and designing websites and web applications for the last 3 years. During these years, Abhishek has been involved in Microsoft technologies such as C#, ASP.NET, ASP.NET MVC, SQL Server, Entity Framework, Orchard CMS, and many more.
He is currently working as a freelance .NET web developer and an instructor at Develop2Deploy (http://develop2deploy.com/).
He is also the founder of the Orchard CMS Indian Community website (http://orchardproject.net.in/) and a contributor to the official Orchard CMS documentation website (http://docs.orchardproject.net/Contributors). He has created numerous online courses on Orchard CMS (https://www.udemy.com/courses/search/?q=orchard).
He loves sharing his knowledge and experiences via his online podcast at http://www.softwaredevelopmentpodcast.in/, teaching courses on web development at www.udemy.com, and coaching and mentoring college students and newbie developers.
Outside of his normal day-to-day activities as a freelance .NET web developer and instructor, he is also a cofounder of a video training start-up called The Video Trainer (https://www.thevideotrainer.in/) where he trains and coaches individuals, professionals, and teaches them how to create their own stunning videos for the Web. You can reach him at
Jason De Oliveira works as a CTO for Cellenza (http://www.cellenza.com), an IT consulting company specialized in Microsoft technologies and the Agile methodology in Paris, France. He is an experienced manager and senior solutions architect, with a lot of skills in software architecture and enterprise architecture.
Jason works for big companies and helps them realize complex and challenging software projects. He frequently collaborates with Microsoft, and you can find him quite often at the Microsoft Technology Center (MTC) in Paris.
He loves sharing his knowledge and experience via his blog by speaking at conferences, writing technical books and articles in the technical press, giving software courses (MCT), and coaching coworkers at his company.
Since 2011, Microsoft has awarded him with the Microsoft Most Valuable Professional (MVP C#) award for his numerous contributions to the Microsoft community. Microsoft seeks to recognize the best and brightest from technology communities around the world with the MVP award. These exceptional and highly respected individuals come from more than 90 countries, serving their local online and offline communities and having an impact worldwide. Jason is very proud to be one of them.
Feel free to contact him via his blog if you need any technical assistance or want to exchange knowledge on technical subjects (http://www.jasondeoliveira.com).
Jason has worked on the following books:
.NET Framework 4.5 Expert Programming Cookbook (English) by Packt Publishing
WCF 4.5 Multi-Layer Services Development with Entity Framework (English) by Packt Publishing
.NET 4.5 Parallel Extensions Cookbook (English) by Packt Publishing
Visual Studio 2013: Concevoir, développer et gérer des projets Web, les gérer avec TFS 2013 (French)
I would like to thank my lovely wife, Orianne, and my beautiful daughters, Julia and Léonie, for supporting me in my work and for accepting the long days and short nights during the week, sometimes even during the weekend. My life would not be the same without them!
Nicholas Suter has been a full-stack Agile software developer and architect, specialized in Microsoft technologies since 2003. He has also been a .NET and C# MVP since 2014, and works as much in a web environment as in Windows client applications for Cellenza, a consulting firm in Paris, France.
He focuses on software patterns and practices in Agile, clean code, and craftsmanship environments. He wrote a book on web development called Visual Studio 2013: Concevoir, développer et gérer des projets Web, les gérer avec TFS 2013 (French). He also writes for his personal blog (http://www.nicholassuter.com) and Cellenza's blog (http://blog.cellenza.com).
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Preface
The ADO.NET Entity Framework, the next generation of Microsoft's data access technology, is an extended Object Relational Mapping (ORM) technology that makes it easy to tie together the data in your database with the objects in your applications. This is done by abstracting the object model of an application from its relational or logical model. It is an extended ORM in the sense that it provides many additional features that a traditional ORM does not.
This book is a clear and concise guide to the ADO.NET Entity Framework. Packed with plentiful code examples, this book helps you learn the ADO.NET Entity Framework and ADO.NET Data Services and build a better data access layer for your application.
The intent of writing this book is updating you to the latest trends and developments as far as Entity Framework is concerned.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Introducing the ADO.NET Entity Framework, is an introduction to the basics of the ADO.NET Entity Framework (EF), its usefulness, features, and benefits.
Chapter 2, Getting Started, discusses how you can get started with EF, create an Entity Data Model (EDM), and write a program to query data.
Chapter 3, Entities, Relationships, and the Entity Data Model, gives a detailed explanation of entities, relationships, and each of the sections of the EDM.
Chapter 4, Working with Stored Procedures in the Entity Data Model, provides a sample application that illustrates how to perform CRUD operations against the EDM.
Chapter 5, Working with Entity Client and Entity SQL, discusses the Entity SQL query language and how to work with the Entity Client provider.
Chapter 6, Working with LINQ to Entities, includes a detailed discussion on LINQ to Entities with many code examples.
Chapter 7, Working with the Object Services Layer, provides a detailed discussion on the Object Services Layer and its helpful and useful features.
Chapter 8, Working with WCF Data Services, provides an introduction to WCF Data Services, the REST architectural paradigm, and how these can be used with the EDM to perform CRUD operations.
Appendix, Advanced Concepts, covers a few advanced concepts. These include: REST and REST-based service frameworks and OData. We would also explore the HTTP methods and the request and response codes. Lastly, we would take a look at the new features in Entity Framework 7.
What you need for this book
To learn the concepts covered in this book, the reader should have a proper understanding and working knowledge of the following:
ADO.NET
ASP.NET
C#
To execute the code samples in this book, the following technologies should be installed on your system:
Visual Studio 2013 or later
SQL Server 2012 or later
Windows 7/Windows 8 or higher
Who this book is for
This book is for C# developers who want an easier way to create their data access layer. You will need to be comfortable with ADO.NET, but you do not need to know anything about the Entity Framework. Along the way, we will create some ASP.NET applications, so familiarity with this will be helpful. The book is a clear and concise guide to the ADO.NET Entity Framework 6 with plenty of