They Fought Alone
By John Keats
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About this ebook
The place: The Japanese-occupied island of Mindanao in the Philippines.
The Story: A stirring true account of a man who refused to be defeated.
When the American forces in the Philippines surrendered in May, 1942, a mining engineer named Wendell Fertig chose to take his chances in the jungle. What happened to him during nearly three years far behind enemy lines is the amazing story that John Keats tells in They Fought Alone.
For Fertig, with the aid of a handful of Americans who also refused to surrender, led thousands of Filipinos in a seemingly hopeless war against the Japanese. They made bullets from curtain rods; telegraph wire from iron fence. They fought off sickness, despair and rebellion within their own forces. Their homemade communications were MacArthur’s eyes and ears in the Philippines. When the Americans finally returned to Mindanao, they found Fertig virtually in control of one of the world’s largest islands, commanding an army of 35,000 men, and at the head of a civil government with its own post office, law courts, currency, factories, and hospitals.
John Keats, who also served in the Philippines, has captured all the pain, brutality, and courage of this incredible drama, in which many memorable men and women play their parts. But They Fought Alone is essentially the story of one man—a testament to the ingenuity and sheer guts of an authentic American hero.
“This remarkable story of guerrilla fighting in the Philippines during WWII...it is absorbing reading. . . . More remarkable still, though it contains death, torture, and desolation, it bubbles with humor.” —S. L. A. Marshall, The NY Times Book Review
“A true and admirably researched account of an American hero who refused to accept defeat. His courage was incredible and his resourcefulness equally so. . . . I have read scores of books in this genre and Keats’ is one of the best.” —Chicago Tribune
John Keats
Born in London in 1795, John Keats is one of the most popular of the Romantic poets of the 19th century. During his short life his work failed to achieve literary acclaim, but after his death in 1821 his literary reputation steadily gained pace, inspiring many subsequent poets and students alike.
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- Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5This is the story of Col. Wendell Fertig, a mining engineer who chose to take his chances in the jungle in 1942 on the Japanese-occupied island of Mindanao in the Philippines. It's the story of how Fertig not only survived but also thrived and led his men for three years behind enemy lines. Fertig and a handful of Americans led thousands of Filipinos in a war against the Japanese, making bullets out of curtain rods and telegraph wire from iron fence. Fertig's homemade communications system was MacArthur's eyes and ears in the Philippines. When the Americans finally returned to Mindanao, they found Fertig in control of one of the world's largest islands, commanding an army of 35,000, and at the head of a civil government with its own post office, law courts, currency, factories, and hospital.Wendell Fertig was my grandmother's first-cousin. He's my genealogical "claim to fame." Seriously, I remember meeting him when this book came out. He was an impressive, commanding presence--you didn't forget meeting Wendell Fertig.
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They Fought Alone - John Keats
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Text originally published in 1963 under the same title.
© Pickle Partners Publishing 2015, all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means, electrical, mechanical or otherwise without the written permission of the copyright holder.
Publisher’s Note
Although in most cases we have retained the Author’s original spelling and grammar to authentically reproduce the work of the Author and the original intent of such material, some additional notes and clarifications have been added for the modern reader’s benefit.
We have also made every effort to include all maps and illustrations of the original edition the limitations of formatting do not allow of including larger maps, we will upload as many of these maps as possible.
THEY FOUGHT ALONE
The True story of an American Hero
John Keats
MAPS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
MAPS 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS 6
PREFACE 7
A NOTE ON FOOTNOTES 8
BOOK ONE — Surrender 9
1 9
2 16
3 24
4 33
5 37
6 45
7 53
BOOK TWO — Decision 64
1 64
2 72
3 78
4 83
5 87
BOOK THREE — The Dragon’s Teeth 94
1 94
2 99
3 101
4 107
5 118
6 127
BOOK FOUR — Harvest 130
1 130
2 138
3 145
4 153
5 158
6 165
7 173
8 179
9 187
BOOK FIVE — Morgan 204
1 204
2 210
3 218
4 219
5 224
6 229
7 234
8 238
9 241
10 242
BOOK SIX — War 244
1 244
2 247
3 254
4 259
5 265
6 272
7 281
8 290
9 298
10 302
11 310
12 315
13 323
14 330
Envoi 338
Appendix 348
The Author 354
REQUEST FROM THE PUBLISHER 356
PREFACE
This book describes a group of Americans and Filipinos who refused to surrender when ordered to do so. Nothing herein is intended to reflect on the courage of those who, obeying orders, surrendered to the Japanese.
The persons, places and events described are by no means fictitious. Some characters bear fictitious names, but the events in which they take part occurred on the island of Mindanao during the Second World War. The only wholly imaginary scene is that which takes place in Japanese headquarters on Mindanao. It is fictional only in the sense that it was imagined on the basis of probability. Therefore, this is not a work of fiction, although it is cast in the form of fiction. This book is a synthesis; an attempt to recreate, out of reality, not the letter but the truth of that reality. It is an attempt, with literary license, to recapture the essential spirit and meaning of an actual adventure.
From beginning to end, this is essentially the story and the work of Colonel Wendell W. Fertig. Not only did Colonel Fertig live the experience, but he provided diaries, memoirs, an official military history of the Mindanao guerrilla, and a boo-page rough draft of a manuscript of his own. He also escorted the author to the Philippine Islands, and spent hundreds of hours in conversation with him. Further, Colonel Fertig wrote much of the dialogue, particularly in the scenes involving himself and William Morgan. He was at all times helpful, and above all, patient. Parts of the book are based on the diaries and manuscripts of several Americans who served in the guerrilla, and on conversations with Filipino guerrilleros on Mindanao.
The author wishes to thank the Defense Department for providing him with military transportation to the Philippine Republic for the purpose of writing this book, which the Defense Department has in no way censored. He is also much indebted to the courtesy of Carlos P. Romulo, Ambassador of the Philippine Republic, and to the considerable—indeed, essential—support of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.
JOHN KEATS
A NOTE ON FOOTNOTES
Translations of unfamiliar words appear at the foot of the page on which the words first occur. Thus, if a Filipino said, "Kaibegan, where are you going?" the following would appear as a footnote:
kaibegan = friend
BOOK ONE — Surrender
Here, on the island of Mindanao, we find Celdron Bonsukan phlegmaticaIly preparing his rice paddy, because tending rice is all that he has done since he could walk. The war will have no meaning for him until it comes into his field. Therefore, he walks behind his carabao, turning muck with a wooden plow that is simply a sharp stick. Two miles away, the Japanese burn a barrio.
In between Celdron and the Japanese, the former populace of the barrio is trying in a tangled way to step aside and let the war go past. Three miles away there is another Japanese patrol. Elsewhere, and in between, and all around, there may even be business as usual: the women washing in the river, the fishermen coming back to the beaches with their dying catch feebly stirring in the bilges of the carved vintas, the Chinese merchant raising the price of his needles, lovers making furtive arrangements for the evening despite the vigilance of the girl’s mother. While the military situation is still fluid, the armies have time only to run from and chase each other, while everyone else goes about his business.
Only after the defeat will Celdron learn just what the war has to do with him and his rice. It is then that the refugees learn there is no place to hide; that everyone understands that not even the business of love can continue as usual. Until the defeat, however, any man who so desires may try to ignore the war, or run away from it, or through it or around it. He is even free to imagine that conquerors are men like himself. Later, after the defeat, he learns something of the nature of conquerors.
1
In early May, 1942, when few Americans remained alive and free in the Philippines, two men stood alone in a deserted grass building in a mountain village of Mindanao. Private Robert Ball stared out the open window with a rifle in his hands. He saw the trail the Japanese would use.
Remember, soldier,
the officer told him, all we want to do is get back to the States alive.
Ball turned; his boy’s face haggard with disbelief. He had been hearing surrender talk for weeks, but not from any officer.
Maybe that’s all you want to do!
he said, his voice threatening to crack. I wouldn’t know about you, but I joined this man’s army to FIGHT!
The word fight came out in falsetto, to Private Ball’s intense embarrassment.
You’re going to surrender tomorrow,
the officer said flatly.
His only thought had been to comfort a youngster, and it enraged him to find that he could not do even this. The officer drew himself into a towering attention.
That’s an order, soldier,
he said.
Yeah,
Private Ball said. Sure.
He tried to say it tough, like Jimmy Cagney, and he failed.
What’s that, soldier?
the officer demanded. "Stand at attention! Say sir when you speak to an officer!"
But Private Ball turned back to the window in disgust, not daring to trust his changing voice again. The officer muttered weakly, You better watch yourself, soldier,
and after a while left the room.
No doubt Private Ball’s ignorance of military science and courtesy could be attributed to the fact that he was only nineteen years old, and lacked a West Point education. He had a few ideas firmly fixed in his tough, handsome head, and one of them was that a man was supposed to fight for his country. Private Ball honestly could not see how a man could defend his country if he was shut up in a cage. He also suspected that even if a man could not fight, he would nevertheless be uncomfortable in a prison, particularly if he was a young man who liked to drink, give the girls a good time, and who had joined the service to see the world. When it came right down to it, Private Ball did not like people who tried to push him around. That night, he discussed these points of view with his fellow enlisted men.
Let’s get out of here while we can.
He looked anxiously from face to face, and Sergeant Knortz, who was nearly as young as Private Ball, nodded in agreement. But the old soldiers shook their heads.
Are you crazy?
the old soldiers asked. And then they, who knew a thing or two about the Philippines, told the young men about this island of Mindanao.
There were wild black bees in the forest; bees that can sting a horse to death, they said. There were cobras; naked spearmen who hunted through the hills; Moros who would kill a wandering soldier simply because he was a Christian. The last Moro pacification campaign, they said, had taken place only four years ago, and they had fought in it. There were leeches; crocodiles in the streams; there was malaria and a thousand other diseases. They told of the python that had caught a five-foot Filipino and had crushed him and stretched him out to seven feet long before beginning to swallow the still-living man...
Here were matters that Private Ball had not considered, for he had never heard of the Philippines until he boarded a troopship in San Francisco seven months ago. He glanced at Knortz uncertainly.
We’ll be exchanged,
the old soldiers said, pressing in.
There’s the Geneva Convention,
the old soldiers said, passing the word to punk young kids.
It won’t be long before we get an army out here that can whip their ass,
the old soldiers said, seeking an excuse for themselves.
All you gotta do is sweat it out,
the old soldiers said, figuring the angles. It ain’t gonna be forever.
Relax and enjoy it,
they said, whistling in the dark.
You got to obey orders,
the old soldiers explained, nailing it down.
Private Ball and Sergeant Knortz, a minority of two, could not find the words to meet the arguments of age. The next day, against all their instincts, they stacked their rifles with the others. Obediently, they shuffled along in a line of prisoners, herded toward the cage the Japanese had prepared for them near Malaybalay. The Japanese were not unkind. They offered them cigarettes.
In a prison camp near Davao, the news of Major General William Sharp’s surrender was the cause of singular rejoicing. A Japanese patrol entered the camp and set free those whom the Americans had interned as enemy aliens. One was a German named Waldo Neveling.
Herr Neveling was a man of medium height, who therefore stood head high above the Japanese. His blond hair was bleached almost white by the tropical sun, and his cold light blue eyes were deep set in a bony skull over which a tanned skin stretched tight. Herr Neveling’s lips were wide and thin, and it was sometimes possible for him to smile with real pleasure. He did so now. The Japanese bowed politely and sucked in their breath and smiled toothily back. It was a pleasant meeting of the Axis powers.
Would Herr Neveling please to go into back country and persuade all American civilian in hiding, all miner, all missionary, all schoolteacher, to come to Japan Army headquarter for beneficial concentration? the Japanese captain wanted to know. Would he please tell all American if he do not make happy choice, Japan Army will send soldier to kill him?
Herr Neveling said nothing could please him more. He pocketed the special pass the Japanese gave him, and, waving a cheery goodbye, set off upon his mission.
In the hills of Lanao province, near the border of Bukidnon province, news of General Sharp’s surrender reached a worried traveler who walked alone, save for two Filipinos who staggered along behind him with a wooden crate slung between two bamboo poles, and for another Filipino who marched ahead, half buried beneath a billowing mattress. The crate and the mattress were the property of the traveler, Samuel J. Wilson, owner of the Wilson Building in Manila.
Hearing that the fighting was now definitely and finally over, Sam Wilson involuntarily thrust his hand into his pocket and his fingers clenched about the Boy Scout knife he carried there.
Wilson had no fear for himself. He had already been so badly frightened so many times in Manila and on Corregidor and here on Mindanao, that nothing would ever frighten him again. But he was afraid for Susie and the boys. The Japanese had them now in the prison they had made of Santo Tomas University in Manila. He felt the knife in his pocket.
Just before Manila fell, the Navy made Sam a lieutenant and assigned him a secret mission. He could say goodbye to his wife, but nothing more. He had driven from navy headquarters through the blacked-out streets to his palatial home, driving nervously through the stinging smoke that billowed from fires along the waterfront, seeing gangs of looters running fitfully through the darkness; seeing the Pasig River winding through the city with thousands of gallons of oil burning on its surface. He hurried to his darkened house and clung to Susie for that last time, talking softly so as not to wake the children, telling her it would be all right even though he knew quite well it was all more wrong than anything could possibly be. He told her he was going on a little trip, and that when the Japanese came, to do whatever they told her, and that she and the boys would be all right...
But the younger boy, wakened by the low, hurried tones of his parents, came sleepily into the living room with his Boy Scout knife in his hand.
Here, Dad,
the boy said. You can borrow my knife. If you lose your gun, you can kill them with this.
Sam looked dubiously into the hills about him. His solitary, secret navy task was done. There would be no more orders for him. He was no fighting man, but a middle-aged speculator in mining stocks and real estate who had come out to the Islands years ago as a poor young printer from Philadelphia. For him, the Islands had been Manila. He knew nothing about survival in the hills, nor did he know the local dialects. A millionaire, he had plenty of money, and with this he thought he might buy a hiding place. But Sam also knew that gossip was the chief diversion of the Islands, ranking ahead even of politics and love-making. Who could resist talking about the hiding place of one of the richest and most prominent Americans in the Islands?
And, if word reached the Japanese that he was alive...
They would take Susie and his sons out of Santo Tomas, to the torture dungeons of Fort Santiago. They would never be able to understand that Susie had no idea where he was. They would work away on her, deaf to her screams, misunderstanding her denials for bravery.
He clenched the knife in his pocket.
How can I ever face the boy if I give up?
The knife did not tell him what he should do.
Undecided, Sam Wilson followed his mattress, and behind him the heavy crate swayed on the creaking poles.
At this same time, high on the slope of a mountain overlooking the Mirayon Valley, which was itself a mile-high pass leading into the central hills of Mindanao, three men paused to rest. It was still possible, in the early morning, to sit in the shade of the trees and not sweat. But the morning was already beginning to gather into itself the stupefying heat that would surely come within the next half-hour; a heat that would grow until it was merely unbearable, and then, by mid-afternoon, become unbelievable. In short, it was a morning like any other on Mindanao, but Wendell Fertig wondered how many more such mornings there would be for him.
Fertig was a tall, athletic man of forty-one who had the oddly boyish face so many American men of middle years are apt to have. He wore the uniform of a lieutenant colonel of United States Army Engineers. His command that morning consisted of a stolid, thick-bodied chief petty officer of the United States Navy who had neither ship nor shipmates, and a small, slender and irritable army captain who was in charge of a motor pool that quite probably no longer existed. The three men sat silently on the hillside in the shade of the trees, Chief Elwood Offret draining a cup of black native coffee, Captain Charles Hedges angrily relighting an almost fireproof cigarillo, and Fertig absently picking his teeth. They were all, Fertig included, waiting for Fertig to make up his mind.
Goddamn thing,
Hedges muttered, throwing the cigarillo away. He pushed his straw sombrero back and peered at Fertig.
I swear, ‘Wendell,
he said, "sometimes I think you’re the most bull-headed man I know. Now do you believe Sharp’s quit?"
We’ll know when we get there,
Fertig said.
Oh, don’t be a damned fool,
Hedges said. If the boys were still fighting, we wouldn’t be able to hear ourselves think. Tell me one thing: You hear anybody shooting at anybody?
There was only the sound of a light wind stirring among the flat, shiny leaves of bushy young coffee trees.
Let’s move out,
Fertig said.
Hedges slammed his straw hat down over his eyes. He glared venomously out from under the sombrero, to which he had pinned his captain’s bars, and rose to lead the way. Offret followed, stuffing the heavy white china cup into his pack, and Fertig brought up the rear, rubbing his lips with coconut oil, which he carried in a small vial. Despite his five years of running mining camps in the Islands, Fertig still suffered from the tropical sun. His lips were badly chapped.
The three Americans moved with bold caution through a countryside which, except for its coffee trees, the occasional banana groves in the bottom lands, and jackfruit trees and the iguanas running, terrified, over the rounded boulders of the trail, seemed like Maryland in July. They looked carefully into every grove; every bush; because a Filipino countryside is almost exactly like one of those pictures in which you are challenged to find the hidden faces. At first, all you see is a banana grove, with the harsh white sunlight, the dark, tattered green leaves, the trashy brown stalks, and the black, black shadows. You stare into this dapple a bit longer, and things begin to emerge—such as a bamboo house nearly invisible among the leaves. Then you notice a grunting, swayback sow and her farrow; perhaps a couple of slinking brown and white dogs; then a man asleep on a porch bench; a woman nursing a baby at a window; a carabao buried to the horns in a wallow; half a dozen naked children playing with a leaf; a few assorted chickens and ducks. Shift your point of vision a degree or so, and another scene as infinitely varied opens before you in that same banana grove.
They looked carefully as they walked, for at any moment the hidden faces in the picture could be Japanese. They had been cut off from General Sharp’s army, and were seeking to rejoin it, trying to work around and ahead of a Japanese column they believed to be in the valley below the trail they were following. On they went, three men in dirty clothes, blankets rolled into a horseshoe pack over one shoulder; bandolier of rifle ammunition slung across the other; a pistol riding in a low-worn holster at the right thigh; canteen riding high on the left hip; rifles sometimes carried, sometimes slung. They might have been a detachment of Pancho Villa’s infantry. They walked automatically, neither fresh nor tired, not striding or scuffling, but simply one step after another. They had been marching thus for nearly a week, through deserted villages, past the occasional burned-out omnibus, past the untended fields. They walked along in the wake of war and it might have seemed that they were the last men alive in a suddenly emptied and untidy world through which they were now damned to move forever. Day after day they had hung on the heels of the Japanese column, waiting for a chance to try to work around it, never knowing that the column they followed was not on its way to war. The Japanese were simply hurrying as fast as they could toward the mountain village of Alanib, to take charge of the Americans who had surrendered.
All along the way the three Americans met gaggles of former Filipino soldiers coming through the countryside with tiny Japanese flags in their hands. The Filipinos stepped into the gutters of the trails as the white men marched past, some pulling off their hats in the old token of respect the Spanish had taught them, but none saluting as soldiers would. The war is over, sair,
the Filipinos would say, and Fertig would reply, For you, only,
and walk on.
In one village, the three Americans discovered the front wall missing from every house. The Japanese had made cooking fires of the flimsy walls, and the bamboo houses stood there on their stilts looking like doll houses, displaying the mud stove, the lithograph of the Virgin, the woven sleeping mats, the crooked stick that had served some child as a toy. Flowers still grew around the deserted houses, and except for the missing front walls nothing had been destroyed in a physical sense, yet the destruction was utterly complete. The things of life lay there naked, but life had gone. The lightly touched, empty village was desolate of human will. A completely ruined village, Fertig thought, might have implied defiance.
Once they paused to fill their canteens at a schoolyard pump, and through the windows of the empty schoolhouse they saw that a Japanese had written on the blackboard, Filipino soldier—coward soldier.
When they reached Pantalan, the town was burning, and burning with it was a vast army supply dump. There were no signs that anyone had tried to defend the town: no bodies, no shell holes; no bullet hole in any wall. Who had set the dump afire? The retreating army? The pursuing Japanese? In the buildings the fire had not yet reached, there were still enough stores to have equipped an infantry company for a year, but there was no one to carry them away. Moodily, the three Americans helped themselves to new blankets, rifles, shoes, uniforms, ammunition and canned goods. They took all that they could carry.
Except for the exploding ammunition in burning Pantalan, there was no sound of war, and now, working deeper into the mountains where Major General Sharp was to have made his last stand, the silence was definitive. Yet Fertig drove them on.
All we know is what quitters have told us,
Fertig said. You sure can’t take a quitter’s word for anything.
Eventually, they reached a place from which they could look down toward Alanib. The village had been a part of General Sharp’s headquarters area, and Fertig had the curious feeling that he had lived this moment before; had known what he would see before he set the field glasses to his eyes.
In the little round picture that appeared in the binoculars, he saw a ragged line of Filipinos working along a steep trail, each carrying one of the miniature Rising Sun flags.
Fertig found Hedges tugging at his sleeve.
Let’s find a place to hole up,
Hedges said.
But Fertig kept staring at the tiny figures toiling up the trail. Finally he put the field glasses back into their leather case.
Charley,
he said at last, nothing is worse than. surrender.
What the hell,
Hedges said.
It’s one thing to take a beating,
Fertig said. Every man has to take his beating. But, damn it, no man has to surrender. It’s the same thing as castration.
The only thing I’d like to know,
Hedges said without comment, "is, what are we going to do?"
Any damn thing but surrender,
Fertig said.
2
The first refuge was a deserted grass house at the edge of a farm on a hillside overlooking the Mirayon Valley road, and each day curious farmers would come down from their hiding places even higher in the hills to stare at the strange Americanos who would neither go to Malaybalay for concentration nor run away. Plainly, such Americanos were a mystery, and the farmers did not like mysteries. Finally, the country people appointed a delegation to see whether the mystery could be solved, or better, persuaded to go away.
The delegation stood in the bare dirt yard before the grass bahi and took off its hats and shuffled its bare feet hopefully. Eventually it nudged a spokesman forward.
Oh, sair,
the spokesman said at last, "you must go. The Hapons will learn you are here, and they will punish us."
This was not what he had intended to say, but it was what he had meant.
We will go even now,
Fertig told him, much to the farmer’s surprise. "But the way is very far, and we must carry many vianda{1}."
The farmer nodded. Fertig had not said where he intended to go, but the point was that the Americanos would leave, and wherever they went they would surely have to move across the back country, for the Japanese held the fat lowlands, the roads and watercourses. But while the back country was relatively free of Japanese, the farmers knew that it would be necessary for Fertig’s party to keep moving simply to find enough food. The interior was a land of kaingineros{2}, who grew on their tiny clearings barely enough to feed themselves.
Fertig looked at the Filipinos and thought of the Swiss pastry shop in Manila. A year ago at this time, he would have been taking coffee at the shop, doing business over the coffee cups in the leisurely fashion of the Islands. A year ago he would have begun his day with hot coffee, eggs, toast, bacon and fresh mangoes. Then he would have kissed Mary and the two girls goodbye, climbed into the rear seat of his new black Dodge, and the chauffeur would have driven him from the pleasant little house in Paranaque down Taft Boulevard, around the Luneta, over Jones Bridge and to the Escolta; to the office that said Wendell W. Fertig, Mining Consultant. As recently as six months ago he still had his house, his servants and his Dodge, although Mary and the children had left with the last of the army wives to be evacuated before the war. It was very lucky for her that he had been called into the service; the Government had refused to evacuate the American civilian families for fear of destroying the morale of the Filipinos. He wondered who was living in his house, now. The Dodge was at the bottom of Manila Bay.
Fertig shrugged, remembering the splash the Dodge had made.
We have many baggages,
he heard Hedges saying. "We have flenty potatoes, flenty coffees. We have our banigs{3} and our clothings, huh? You will bring a carabao, yes?"
Oh, yes,
the spokesman said, smiling brightly. Now there would be no need to try to kill the Americanos, which could be very dangerous, since the Americanos had guns. I be happy to bring my carabao and go with you.
He assumed a stricken look; the look of a man who has just remembered something.
But it cannot be,
he said sadly. My grandmother is sickly and old, and she has only me. Besides, my wife is fregnant and will deliver soon. Oh, sair, I wish to go, but it is not to be.
The spokesman waved to include his fellows.
My companions are all sickly and malarial,
he explained. Very sad, but yes, they cannot go either. Besides, there is one carabao only, and too bad, but it is sickly also.
The spokesman half-raised his arms, to let them fall, tragically. He turned and spoke rapidly in Visayan to his companions, who immediately looked as sickly and malarial as possible. Then, saying salaamit{4} many times, the delegation left as rapidly as their illness allowed.
What was that all about?
Offret wanted to know.
Hedges watched the peasants working their way across the upland pasture to the trail that led to the hills.
They want us to get out, but they don’t want to help,
he said.
For the next several days the three Americans sought to find a carabao, as rumors filtered through the countryside. One said Brigadier General Fort had defied the order to surrender, and was still holding out with his Moros in the Kapai Hills of Lanao province. As long as there was an army, Fertig knew that he belonged to it. But the way to Fort was long, and without a pack animal it could be impossible. Everywhere the Americans asked for help among the mountain farms, however, the answer was the same.
What the hell’s got into these people?
Hedges said one night. They sure don’t know what to think. You saw those people on the trail, Wendell? They’d look at us in a dirty way that said, ‘Are they so big, these Americanos?’ In all the years I’ve been here, I never saw them act this way before. You ever seen anything like it, Wendell?
Hedges looked narrowly at his friend. Fertig was wrapped in another of the black silences that had been growing on him since they came to the hills Sharp had surrendered. Fertig grunted, and rose to wash his messkit in the pot of water simmering over the woodfire Offret had built on the mud bench that served their grass house as a stove. It was possible to indulge in the luxury of fires at night, and in hot water, because of the great fear among the taos{5}. If the Hapons should come to the hills, the taos would run to tell the Americanos to begone at once, lest the Hapons punish the people for having helped Americanos.
Now, I never seen anything like it,
Hedges went on, talking to Offret. "Why, Christ A-mighty, Ducklegs, I’ll tell you so that even an ignorant sailor like you can understand. Six months ago, three months, if I’d said shit to those people, they’d have squat and thanked me for telling them... ‘
Not a soul took time to tell them anything, not even lies,
Fertig interrupted harshly. The red stubble on his jaw caught in the firelight like bright copper wires. I’ve heard our officers call them gooks and black bastards,
Fertig said thickly. Do you think they didn’t knew what those officers thought of them? How the hell are you going to call a man a gook and then expect him to fight for you? By God, they might be ignorant but they’re not stupid.
He stared at Hedges and Offret in a wild fury.
We quit!
he shouted.
He looked at them crazily, living again the debacle on Luzon Island, the one the newspapers had called the brilliant retreat into Bataan Peninsula.
"Goddamn it, we just up and quit! Fertig shouted.
Then we expect them to fight!"
I can hear you,
Hedges muttered. Can you hear him, Chief?
The light left Fertig’s eyes, and he seemed to remember that he held his messkit in his hand. He looked at it carefully.
All right,
he said at last. He crossed the circle of firelight to replace his messkit in his pack that leaned against the wall.
Offret idly turned his coffee cup around and around.
You’d think they’d have fought for their own country,
he said, thinking of the Filipinos straggling home with the flags of defeat. "I saw white troops run on Luzon," Fertig said.
Look, Ducklegs,
Hedges said kindly, the Old Man’s right. I don’t know what else we could expect. We told the Filipinos they’re our little brown brothers, huh? OK. For forty years we treat ‘em like kids. But then big brother gets his teeth knocked out and his face stomped in the dirt. If that happens to big brother, what the hell is little brother supposed to do?
But it’s their country,
Offret insisted. To him, the matter was clear.
One of the troubles,
Fertig said, is that it is not their country. They never did have one.
Offret looked puzzled.
The poor devils never had a chance,
Fertig said. Not against the Spanish, and not against us. They don’t even have a common language.
I thought they spoke that what-you-call-it, that Tagalog,
Offret said.
"Now that’s the goddamned trouble with being a sailor," Hedges said. He reached for a cigarillo, lit it, and leaned back luxuriously.
First,
Hedges said, to be a sailor you have to be stupid, because everybody else in the world knows that all a sailor ever sees is the goddamned ocean, and you just got to be stupid to want to look at that. Next, when sailors come to port, they go straight to a bar, and it doesn’t take any more than sign language to get a drink anywhere in the world. And with sailors, after one drink they can’t even speak their own goddamned language.
Offret grinned good-naturedly.
Isn’t that right, Wendell?
Hedges asked.
Here, they speak Visayan,
Fertig said softly. These people are just a lot of Malay tribes that speak a hundred dialects.
He looked up from depths of his own, and slowly, with a certain condemnation, said:
All a Filipino really has is his family. His family, his parientes who are his cousins to the third degree, and his town mates. He will fight to protect his family if they cannot all run away together.
No one spoke. Fertig sighed.
The Filipino will fight for his barrio if it is surrounded,
Fertig said. But he has no larger loyalty, so why fight for his country when he is drafted and shoved in the army and told, ‘Oh, now you are a great patriot’? The army is run by white men. The country is run by white men. To the Filipino, his barrio is the only country he knows. He may live all his life within five miles of the place he was born. So why fight for someone else’s barrio? ‘They are not my cousins, they are not my town mates,’ he thinks. ‘Let them do their own fighting.’
Offret removed an unlighted cigarette from his lips, looked at it, and put it back in his pocket.
Sir, about this surrender...?
What about it?
"Sir, I mean if General Sharp has ordered everybody to surrender, are we under his orders? I mean, for instance, I’m in the Navy..." He let the question hang in the firelight.
Hedges snorted.
I can’t help feeling sorry for Sharp,
Fertig said. You know, he told me once that he hadn’t ever wanted to be a general in the first place. He said he was happy in a staff job, but he sure didn’t want command. Then, all of a sudden, the chips were down, and Sharp’s staff was makeshift. His intelligence ranged from poor to none. His units were untrained and his officers untried. Many of his officers were so new to the country that they had been here only a few days before the war started. Yet poor old Sharp was committed to fight the Sixteenth Imperial Guards, the conquerors of Singapore and the pride of the Japanese Army. His units broke and ran, his demolitions failed, and he was cornered. To end your career in surrender, when you never really wanted to be a commander, is ironic as hell.
He looked at Offret as though he had just heard the question.
Chief Offret,
Fertig said with the distant tones of immutable authority, until you are returned to United States Navy control, you are on detached service with this command. As senior United States officer present, I assign you to this command, and you will act only under my orders.
Oh, horseshit, Wendell,
Hedges interrupted. Why don’t you just tell Ducklegs that we’ll look out for him?
Captain Hedges concurs,
Fertig said stiffly. Chief Offret, Captain Hedges is chief of the war plans staff of this detachment. For your information, this command does not envision either the need or the possibility of surrender.
There was the faintest suggestion of a grim smile in Fertig’s eyes. Offret flushed, and as he did, Fertig and Hedges laughed.
Don’t let that old rascal snow you, Ducklegs,
Hedges said. "When you’ve been around the Old Man as long as I have, you’ll find out what a damn fool you are.
Hell,
he continued, "don’t let that soldier talk or these costumes fool you, either. Neither Wendell nor I is a soldier boy, which is most likely why we’re still alive. Now, Wendell here is really just a two-bit miner, and I’m a two-dollar, cigar-smoking lumberman, but I’ll tell you one thing, Chief: There isn’t a Jap that knows this island a damn bit better than I do, and there isn’t anybody that knows the Filipinos any better than Wendell.
You know,
Hedges went on gently, "the trouble is that these soldiers and sailor boys don’t know how to do anything, Wendell. Now you take the Chief here. There isn’t a thing in the world the Chief doesn’t know about engines. How about that, Ducklegs?"
Offret guessed amiably that that was so.
But now, when we crossed that river, the Chief almost drowned, if you’ll remember. Twelve years in the Navy and he never learned how to swim. I catch us a chicken and it turns out the Chief doesn’t know how to clean it. Never cleaned a chicken in his life. You’d think they didn’t have chickens in Utah. Doesn’t know how to make a carabao go, either, when any fool knows you just kick it in the ass. He takes an ax to split wood and damn near cuts his leg off. What’s wrong with the Navy, Chief? I thought sailors could turn their hand to anything?
You give me an engine and I’ll fix it,
Offret promised.
"Now that’s just the goddamned trouble, Hedges said, tapping the ashes from his cigarillo.
What the hell can you do when you don’t have an engine? You’re just a damn specialist, and all a specialist knows is what’s in his stupid book, and if he comes to something that isn’t in the book he’s as helpless as a new-laid egg. Specialists are the curse of this world; here we need men, and they give us specialists.
Now, you take that time Fort wanted to bring the torpedo boat up from the coast to Lake Lanao,
Hedges went on, settling back to tell his story. Fort wanted it to help defend the lake. I was sitting in on the staff conference as transportation officer. The goddamned Navy said it couldn’t be done. ‘Oh,’ the Navy said, ‘you’d need a special crane to lift her out of the water, and a special trailer to transport her, and the closest crane was in Pearl Harbor, and there wasn’t any special-built trailer.’ I sat there listening to that crap until I couldn’t stand it any more, so I finally said, ‘Oh, horseshit. I’ll move your damned canoe.
Fertig grinned expectantly. He and Hedges spoke the same language.
Well,
Hedges said blissfully, "everybody looked at me like I was something that had crawled out of the woodwork and fell into their soup. Here was a lousy captain, not even a regular captain at that, telling off all that brass. Old Fort went ‘humpf and somebody told me to watch myself, but I just walked out on ‘em. I went down to the beach with a six-by-six truck and a logging trailer. Hell, nobody needed any damned crane. I just ran the logging trailer down to the beach and sank her in shallow water. Then I had my Filipinos move the torpedo boat over the trailer, and I waited. Well, what the hell. The tide went out, and the boat came down on the trailer, and my boys tied her fast, and I told the truck driver, ‘Take her away!’ and out she came, slick as that. So then I told the Navy, ‘There, you damned fools, if you’d had any brains you could have done it yourself.’
I swear to God, Wendell, you’d have thought the Navy might at least have known the tide comes in and out.
It was the same thing on Bataan with the Army,
Fertig said. "The one standard field problem was the defense of Bataan. The Army worked on it for years, practicing it until you’d think they could do it in their sleep. They stocked the place with guns and ammunition and gasoline months before the Japs attacked.
But there was just one thing they forgot,
Fertig said. Food. Here they were in mountains and forests that didn’t have enough farmland to raise breakfast for a platoon, but none of those soldiers thought to stock the food dumps. So we had no food, and no quinine. No quinine in a place full of cerebral malaria. God knows we had plenty of ammunition. I helped blow up a hundred thousand tons of it before we pulled out to Corregidor. We would still be on Bataan if we’d had food and medicine, because the front was so narrow nobody could run away.
Hedges shook his head.
The whole tribe of them are stupid,
he said of the military in general.
The three men talked together of mistakes, disasters and evil chance, but despite all they said in disparagement of the fighting services, they came, inevitably, to The Aid.
The Aid was a myth. But it was ‘a myth in which they believed because to believe in it was to believe in their nation, and if they could not believe in their nation, they could not really believe in their own survival. The Aid consisted of fleets of warships, divisions of tough fighting men, mountains of supplies, columns of tanks, and sky-darkening swarms of warplanes.
Even General MacArthur believed in The Aid. He had no reason to believe otherwise. No one had told him that Washington had already written off the Philippines, and had no intention of recovering the Islands during the course of the war with Japan. General MacArthur believed that The Aid was actually crossing the ocean, and it was not until he reached Australia that he was told, to his infinite horror, that there was no Navy, and that The Aid did not exist, except on the official United States radio broadcast. Meanwhile, the survivors of the Japanese holocaust in the Philippines listened to the radio and clung to their belief in The Aid, and Fertig guessed that it was, at most, six months away. He believed, as did Hedges, that they would be alive to welcome it ashore.
It’s bound to come,
Fertig said. "It’s going to have to come, because we can’t do anything but live up to our promises to the Filipinos if we are going to have any face left in the Far East."
And God help the Jap,
Hedges said, when it gets here.
Something in Hedges’ voice made Fertig look up.
Hedges was shining with sweat. Rain seethed on the million surfaces of the thick leaves that grew about the house and fell, spattering, into the muddy lake of the yard outside, and the lean wind that drove the sheets of rain across the darkened hills was cold, and Hedges was sweating.
He was weak and staring and shivering, and the sweat poured down his blanched thin face. Fertig rummaged in his pack for the zoo-tablet bottle of quinine. There were few tablets left; the doses would have to be rationed. Just enough at a time, Fertig decided, to get Charley over the worst of it, each time it came. Each time it came, until the tablets were gone.
Hedges took the canteen cup with a shaking claw; drank, dribbling water down his unshaved chin, as his teeth clicked against the metal cup.
Ssson ovvva bitttch,
Hedges muttered.
Take it easy,
Fertig said.
Offret and Fertig bundled Hedges in all the blankets they had, holding them down while Hedges’ thin body jittered with the first chills.
The Filipinos say,
Fertig said, "that you never get malaria unless you’re hungry. You have it all the time, but it doesn’t hit you until you miss a couple of meals and get run down.
We all have it,
he said. I have it, you have it, Charley has it. Charley’s had it for years. Malaria is endemic here. The quinine just suppresses it. But it doesn’t cure it. You noticed that bulge Charley has in his belly? That’s an enlarged spleen. Malaria does that.
The two men watched through the night, watching by the light of their road torch. The flame burned dull red and the grass house smelled of pig dung, rain, wet clothing, coffee, sweat and the stink of a burning rag wick and kerosene. The first chills gave way to fever. Hedges’ skin flushed deep red in the glare of the kinkie{6} lamp. His skin was dry, terribly dry, and hot. With the fever came delirium and thrashing. Then, as it seemed that Hedges’ flesh would almost sear any touching hand, the sweat came and the flesh paled, and with the sweat, the next chills.
Hedges’ eyes rolled whitely up into his head, and his hard, sinewy body shook convulsively beneath their restraining hands.
My God, is he going to die?
Offret whispered.
I don’t think you could kill him with a meat ax,
Fertig muttered. "Charley’s the meanest man that ever got out of Oregon. Nothing can kill a man as mean as he is.
But,
Fertig said, I never saw malaria hit a man so hard before.
He looked anxiously at Hedges’ ghastly face, and all the comfort of the evening became a mockery. With Hedges beside him, Fertig felt he had an army. Without Hedges, Fertig knew that he was merely a hopeful man.
Don’t let him die,
Fertig breathed.
Hedges’ body stopped shaking and he passed into a hoarse, exhausted sleep. The first attack was over. Fertig did not let himself think of those to come. He and Offret stayed beside Hedges until it was nearly dawn. It was still raining. It rained all that next day.
3
When the rains come to Mindanao, they lower over the island, slowly descending from the mountaintops, gradually falling to the lower slopes and finally reaching the plains in June. It is possible in the middle of May to stand on the plains of the Bukidnon in the aching hot sunshine and see the rains sweeping over the mountains of Lanao province. It is possible then to walk from the plains up and into the rainy season, but ordinarily no one who lives on the plains would think of going into the mountains for any purpose, at any season. Likewise, it does not normally occur to those who live in the mountains of Lanao to venture into the country below. The people of the mountains despise the lowlanders as cowards, and the low-landers hold themselves to be superior in every way to the ignorant barbarians of the hills, and with the exception of traders who speak both the dialects of the plains and the dialects of the hills, there is little intercourse among the peoples. For centuries before the Japanese war, cultural exchanges most often assumed the form of raids.
One reason for the raids was quite trivial. It was that the mountaineers believed that the greatest ecstasy