Women's Hebrew Poetry on American Shores: Poems by Anne Kleiman and Annabelle Farmelant
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About this ebook
Presents the work of two American-born women who wrote and published a substantial body of Hebrew poetry between the 1930s and 1960s.
Although Anne (Chana) Kleiman—who died in 2011 at the age of 101—was the first American-born Jewish woman to publish poems in Hebrew, and Annabelle (Chana) Farmelant—who is still living and occasionally publishing—wrote a substantial body of Hebrew verse from the 1940s to the 1960s, their work is virtually unknown today, even to those familiar with Hebrew literature in America. In Women's Hebrew Poetry on American Shores: Poems by Anne Kleiman and Annabelle Farmelant, editor Shachar Pinsker recovers the singular voices of these women, introducing their captivating and wide—ranging poetry and placing it in its historical, literary, and cultural contexts.
Women's Hebrew Poetry on American Shores presents a bilingual edition of Kleiman and Farmelant's work in a large range of themes, moods, and styles, translated into English for the first time by Adriana X. Jacobs and Yosefa Raz. It includes Kleiman's poems that were collected and published in a 1947 U.S. volume and a selection from two of Farmelant's poetry books, published in Jerusalem in 1960 and 1961. The translators have furnished the poems with copious notes, illuminating linguistic and cultural sources of the poetry and making it more accessible to contemporary readers. Pinsker introduces the volume with a background on the poets' lives and work and a look at the state of Hebrew literature in the first half of the twentieth century. The volume also includes an unpublished essay by Anne Kleiman, addressing Hebrew poet Anda Pinkerfeld and her poetic work, which sheds an important light on the dialogue between women's Hebrew poetry written in American and in Palestine during the same period.
Readers and scholars of Jewish, American, and Hebrew literature and cultural history, as well as those interested in poetry, gender, and women's studies will enjoy this unique bilingual edition.
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Women's Hebrew Poetry on American Shores - Shachar Pinsker
WOMEN’S HEBREW
POETRY ON
AMERICAN SHORES
POEMS BY
ANNE KLEIMAN AND
ANNABELLE FARMELANT
TRANSLATED BY
ADRIANA X. JACOBS AND
YOSEFA RAZ
EDITED BY
SHACHAR PINSKER
© 2016 by Wayne State University Press, Detroit, Michigan 48201.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without formal permission. Manufactured in the United States of America.
201918171654321
Library of Congress Cataloging Number: 2015954826
ISBN 978-0-8143-4136-0 (paperback); ISBN 978-0-8143-4137-7 (ebook)
Designed by Bryce Schimanski
Typeset by Westchester Publishing Services
Composed in Adobe Caslon Pro
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Meager Gifts
from Desert Islands
—American-Born Women and Hebrew Poetry
SHACHAR PINSKERa
POEMS BY ANNE (CHANA) KLEIMAN
Translated and with Notes by Yosefa Raz
Translator’s Preface
Droplets
Spring
The Spring
Again, Spring
In the Straits
Seas and Wind
Candles Burn
Behold
To the San Francisco Delegates
Yizkor/In Memoriam
Toward the Light
From the Mountaintops
I saw them in hiding
I Only Heard Your Voice
To Dr. Nissan Touroff
On the Threshold of the Midrasha
Be Not Afraid
What Can I Give to You?
Suddenly, you have become dear to me
My Longings
To Lake Michigan
To the Musician
In the motionless heavens
Today, I wept a great deal—
And always, but always, a hidden hand
Now, just as last year
I know not wherefore
And all is pained
Last night you placed your hand on mine
Now I wander lonely
When Will You Come?
Your Eyes
This Is Another Dream
You
Cease and Desist
I Want to Die
ON ANDA PINKERFELD AND HER POETRY
by Anne (Chana) Kleiman
Translated and with Introduction and Notes by Shachar Pinsker
POEMS BY ANNABELLE (CHANA) FARMELANT
Translated and with Notes by Adriana X. Jacobs
Translator’s Preface
Selections from Desert Islands
Desert Islands
Moment
The Unwed Maiden
A Song of Autumn
New Moon
Skyscraper
Blinding Light
When Europe Died
American Trip: A Dramatic Poem
Return to Zion for Your Spirit
The Israeli Parrot
Lullaby
Renewal
In the World’s Heart
The World Is Like a Poem
Builder
Everyone Agrees
Far to Near
Cycles for Moshe, My Father Z"L
Farewell, Love
Shira Aviva
Job
Change, No Change
Eros
Selections from Flowers of Identity
Sad Roots
ID
Flowers of Identity
The Wall
The Circus
Revenge in Nature
Jacob and Autolycus
Jealousy
Narcissus
Confession
A Riddle
The Bee’s Kiss
Two Muses
Bridges
Blurred Lines
Race to the Star
Kite
For a Bird
Notes
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First and foremost, we are grateful to Adina Kleiman and her family for sparking the idea for this project and for their support through its duration. Several years ago Adina approached Yosefa Raz with the idea of translating Hebrew poems by her mother, Anne (Chana) Kleiman. Through the poems’ translation into English, she thought she would gain a better understanding of her mother’s work and be able to share it with the rest of the family. Later Adina approached Shachar Pinsker to study the poems and give a lecture about Kleiman in the context of American Hebrew literature on the occasion of the first reading of the translations, which took place in October 2006 at Northwestern University. These early engagements with Kleiman’s work encouraged us to think about creating this volume. We’re only sorry that Anne Kleiman, z″l, did not see this project to fruition; however she was able to attend the reading and lecture and to see some of Yosefa Raz’s translations in print. We also extend our deep gratitude to Annabelle (Chana) Farmelant for taking the time to meet with us on many occasions to discuss her poetry and her experiences as a mid-twentieth-century American Hebrew poet.
We thank Michael Weingrad, Alan Mintz, and Wendy Zierler for their support for the project at various stages and invaluable comments on the manuscript. Yosefa Raz extends special thanks to Maria Melendez Kelson, Chana Kronfeld, and Allan Kensky, whose insightful comments on the drafts of the Kleiman translations helped reveal their light. Adriana X. Jacobs is particularly grateful to Michael Walek for sharing his insights on Farmelant’s biography and to Asya Graf and Eran Tzelgov for their very careful and critical readings of the Farmelant translations at an early stage. Shachar Pinsker would like to thank Deborah Dash Moore, Anita Norich, and the fellows of the Frankel Institute for Advanced Judaic Studies during the academic year 2013–14, which was dedicated to the topic of Jews and gender.
We are also grateful to the organizers and participants of the seminar Locating Gender in Modern Jewish Literature
(Association for Jewish Studies, Boston, December 15–17, 2014), where Shachar Pinsker’s introduction was first presented, and of the colloquium Rediscovering America: New Scholarship on American Hebrew Literature and Its Impact on the Study of Modern Jewish Literature
(Jewish Theological Seminary, New York, December 4, 2011), where Adriana X. Jacobs spoke on Farmelant. The archival research for this project was extensive: thanks go to the staff of the Gnazim Institute in Tel Aviv and the Spertus Institute for Jewish Learning and Leadership in Chicago, as well as to Mattie Taormina at Stanford University’s Special Collections, for making crucial materials available to us.
Funding from the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute at Brandeis University and the Institute for Research on Women and Gender at the University of Michigan supported this project from beginning to end. A Diller travel grant from UC Berkeley supported Yosefa Raz’s archival and translation work.
Working with Wayne State University Press has been a wonderful and rewarding experience. Special thanks to editor-in-chief Kathryn Wildfong, who believed in this project and made sure everything about the publication of this bilingual volume went smoothly. Thanks to Kristin Harpster and Mindy Brown for the copyediting and production of the volume, and to Amit Ben-Yehuda for his professional production of the Hebrew version of the poems.
Yosefa Raz’s translations of Kleiman’s In the Depths
(which appears in this volume as In the Straits
) and Seas and Wind
appeared (in slightly modified form) in Bridges: A Jewish Feminist Journal 12, no. 1 (2007): 80–89. An earlier version of To the San Francisco Delegates
appeared in Bridges 12, no. 2 (2007): 70–73. Adriana X. Jacobs’s translations of Farmelant’s Skyscraper,
Desert Islands,
Renewal,
Far to Near,
and The Unwed Maiden
first appeared in her article Hebrew on a Desert Island: The Case of Annabelle Farmelant,
Studies in American Jewish Literature 34, no. 1, special issue, ed. Kathryn Hellerstein and Maeera Shreiber (Spring 2015): 154–74. Some of the materials in Shachar Pinsker’s introduction first appeared in American Jewish History 79, no. 2 (2013): 182–86.
Work on this volume spanned the better part of a decade. It is the culmination of a project that was collaborative from the very beginning, and the three of us are grateful for each other’s help, dedication, and generosity.
And last, but not least, we thank our families.
—Adriana X. Jacobs, Shachar Pinsker, and Yosefa Raz
Introduction: Meager Gifts
from Desert Islands
American-Born Women and Hebrew Poetry
SHACHAR PINSKER
I
This volume seeks to fill a significant gap in Jewish American literature and Hebrew literature. In 2003 Alan Mintz wrote that the existence of a substantial body of Hebrew literature written on American shores is one of the best-kept secrets of Jewish American cultural history.
¹ A decade later it seems that the secret of Hebrew literature in America has been revealed. In the last few years, many articles and three new scholarly books on American Hebrew literature have been published.² With this renewed interest and abundance of new materials, the story of American Hebrew literature is finally getting some of the attention it truly deserves. Nevertheless, there is a substantial lacuna in this field, which has to do with the presence of women writers in this literary and cultural endeavor.
Hebrew literature in America was written and read by a small minority of Jews, and yet Daniel Persky, a prominent Hebrew writer and journalist, counted in 1927 (the height of the movement) no fewer than 110 active writers of Hebrew in America.³ So where were the women writers in this number? After all, it was precisely in the 1920s and 1930s that women began to be active in Hebrew literature, mostly in poetry, in Europe and Palestine, as well as in Yiddish literature in America and Europe (and even Palestine). Indeed, until very recently scholars assumed that American Hebrew literature, which flourished between the 1900s and 1960s, had been the exclusive domain of East European immigrant men, as well as very few American-born writers (also men). But this common assumption is wrong. There is a small but significant