Queen Mary: "If I had a flower for every time I thought of you... I could walk through my garden forever."
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Alfred Tennyson was born on August 6th, 1809, in Somersby, Lincolnshire, the fourth of twelve children. Most of Tennyson's early education was under the direction of his father, although he did spend four unhappy years at a nearby grammar school. He left home in 1827 to join his elder brothers at Trinity College, Cambridge, more to escape his father than a desire for serious academic work. At Trinity he was living for the first time among young men of his own age who knew little of his problems. He was delighted to make new friends; he was handsome, intelligent, humorous, a gifted impersonator and soon at the center of those interested in poetry and conversation. That same year, he and his brother Charles published Poems by Two Brothers. Although the poems in the book were of teenage quality, they attracted the attention of the “Apostles," a select undergraduate literary club led by Arthur Hallam. The “Apostles” provided Tennyson with friendship and confidence. Hallam and Tennyson became the best of friends; they toured Europe together in 1830 and again in 1832. Hallam’s sudden death in 1833 greatly affected the young poet. The long elegy In Memoriam and many of Tennyson’s other poems are tributes to Hallam. In 1830, Tennyson published Poems, Chiefly Lyrical and in 1832 he published a second volume entitled simply Poems. Some reviewers condemned these books as “affected” and “obscure.” Tennyson, stung by the reviews, would not publish another book for nine years. In 1836, he became engaged to Emily Sellwood. When he lost his inheritance on a failed investment in 1840, the engagement was cancelled. In 1842, however, Tennyson’s Poems [in two volumes] was a tremendous critical and popular success. In 1850, with the publication of In Memoriam, Tennyson’s reputation was pre-eminent. He was also selected as Poet Laureate in succession to Wordsworth and, to complete a wonderful year, he married Emily Sellwood. At the age of 41, Tennyson had established himself as the most popular poet of the Victorian era. The money from his poetry [at times exceeding 10,000 pounds per year] allowed him to purchase a home in the country and to write in relative seclusion. His appearance—a large and bearded man, he regularly wore a cloak and a broad brimmed hat—enhanced his notoriety. In 1859, Tennyson published the first poems of Idylls of the Kings, which sold more than 10,000 copies in a fortnight. In 1884, he accepted a peerage, becoming Alfred Lord Tennyson. On October 6th, 1892, an hour or so after midnight, surrounded by his family, he died at Aldworth. It is said that the moonlight was streaming through the window and Tennyson himself was holding open a volume of Shakespeare. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Lord Alfred Tennyson
Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892) was one of the notable English poets of the Romantic Era and served as English Poet Laureate from 1850 until his death.
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Queen Mary - Lord Alfred Tennyson
Queen Mary by Alfred Lord Tennyson
Alfred Tennyson was born on August 6th, 1809, in Somersby, Lincolnshire, the fourth of twelve children.
Most of Tennyson's early education was under the direction of his father, although he did spend four unhappy years at a nearby grammar school. He left home in 1827 to join his elder brothers at Trinity College, Cambridge, more to escape his father than a desire for serious academic work. At Trinity he was living for the first time among young men of his own age who knew little of his problems. He was delighted to make new friends; he was handsome, intelligent, humorous, a gifted impersonator and soon at the center of those interested in poetry and conversation.
That same year, he and his brother Charles published Poems by Two Brothers. Although the poems in the book were of teenage quality, they attracted the attention of the Apostles,
a select undergraduate literary club led by Arthur Hallam. The Apostles
provided Tennyson with friendship and confidence. Hallam and Tennyson became the best of friends; they toured Europe together in 1830 and again in 1832. Hallam’s sudden death in 1833 greatly affected the young poet. The long elegy In Memoriam and many of Tennyson’s other poems are tributes to Hallam.
In 1830, Tennyson published Poems, Chiefly Lyrical and in 1832 he published a second volume entitled simply Poems. Some reviewers condemned these books as affected
and obscure.
Tennyson, stung by the reviews, would not publish another book for nine years.
In 1836, he became engaged to Emily Sellwood. When he lost his inheritance on a failed investment in 1840, the engagement was cancelled.
In 1842, however, Tennyson’s Poems (in two volumes) was a tremendous critical and popular success. In 1850, with the publication of In Memoriam, Tennyson’s reputation was pre-eminent. He was also selected as Poet Laureate in succession to Wordsworth and, to complete a wonderful year, he married Emily Sellwood.
At the age of 41, Tennyson had established himself as the most popular poet of the Victorian era. The money from his poetry (at times exceeding 10,000 pounds per year) allowed him to purchase a home in the country and to write in relative seclusion. His appearance—a large and bearded man, he regularly wore a cloak and a broad brimmed hat—enhanced his notoriety.
In 1859, Tennyson published the first poems of Idylls of the Kings, which sold more than 10,000 copies in a fortnight. In 1884, he accepted a peerage, becoming Alfred Lord Tennyson.
On October 6th, 1892, an hour or so after midnight, surrounded by his family, he died at Aldworth. It is said that the moonlight was streaming through the window and Tennyson himself was holding open a volume of Shakespeare.
He was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Index of Contents
DRAMATIS PERSONAE
ACT I
SCENE I―ALDGATE RICHLY DECORATED
SCENE II―A ROOM IN LAMBETH PALACE
SCENE III―ST. PAUL'S CROSS
SCENE IV―LONDON. A ROOM IN THE PALACE
SCENE V―A ROOM IN THE PALACE
ACT II
SCENE I―ALINGTON CASTLE
SCENE II―GUILDHALL
SCENE III―LONDON BRIDGE
SCENE IV―ROOM IN THE GATEHOUSE OF WESTMINSTER PALACE
ACT III
SCENE I―THE CONDUIT IN GRACECHURCH
SCENE II―ROOM IN WHITEHALL PALACE
SCENE III―GREAT HALL IN WHITEHALL
SCENE IV―WHITEHALL. A ROOM IN THE PALACE
SCENE V―WOODSTOCK
SCENE VI―LONDON. A ROOM IN THE PALACE
ACT IV
SCENE I―A ROOM IN THE PALACE
SCENE II―OXFORD. CRANMER IN PRISON
SCENE III―ST. MARY'S CHURCH
ACT V
SCENE I―LONDON. HALL IN THE PALACE
SCENE II―A ROOM IN THE PALACE
SCENE III―A HOUSE NEAR LONDON
SCENE IV―LONDON. BEFORE THE PALACE
SCENE V―LONDON. A ROOM IN THE PALACE
ALFRED LORD TENNYSON – A SHORT HISTORY
ALFRED LORD TENNYSON – A CONCISE BIBLIOGRAPHY
DRAMATIS PERSONAE
QUEEN MARY
PHILIP, King of Naples and Sicily, afterwards King of Spain.
THE PRINCESS ELIZABETH
REGINALD POLE, Cardinal and Papal Legate.
SIMON RENARD, Spanish Ambassador.
LE SIEUR DE NOAILLES, French Ambassador.
THOMAS CRANMER, Archbishop of Canterbury.
SIR NICHOLAS HEATH, Archbishop of York; Lord Chancellor after GARDINER
EDWARD COURTENAY, Earl of Devon.
LORD WILLIAM HOWARD, afterwards Lord Howard, and Lord High Admiral.
LORD WILLIAMS OF THAME.
LORD PAGET
LORD PETRE
STEPHEN GARDINER, Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor.
EDMUND BONNER, Bishop of London.
THOMAS THIRLBY, Bishop of Ely.
SIR THOMAS WYATT }
SIR THOMAS STAFFORD } Insurrectionary Leaders.
SIR RALPH BAGENHALL
SIR ROBERT SOUTHWELL
SIR HENRY BEDINGFIELD
SIR WILLIAM CECIL.
SIR THOMAS WHITE, Lord Mayor of London.
THE DUKE OF ALVA }
THE COUNT DE FERIA } attending on PHILIP
PETER MARTYR
FATHER COLE
FATHER BOURNE
VILLA GARCIA
SOTO
CAPTAIN BRETT }
ANTHONY KNYVETT } Adherents of WYATT
PETERS, Gentleman of Lord Howard.
ROGER, Servant to Noailles.
WILLIAM, Servant to WYATT
STEWARD OF HOUSEHOLD to the Princess ELIZABETH
OLD NOKES and NOKES
MARCHIONESS OF EXETER, Mother of COURTENAY
LADY CLARENCE }
LADY MAGDALEN DACRES } Ladies in Waiting to the Queen.
ALICE } to the Princess ELIZABETH
MAID OF HONOUR
JOAN }
TIB } two Country Wives.
Lords and other Attendants, Members of the Privy Council,
Members of Parliament, Two Gentlemen, Aldermen,
Citizens, Peasants, Ushers, Messengers, Guards, Pages,
Gospellers, Marshalmen, etc.
ACT I
SCENE I―ALDGATE RICHLY DECORATED.
CROWD. MARSHALMEN.
MARSHALMAN
Stand back, keep a clear lane! When will her Majesty pass, sayst thou? why now, even now; wherefore draw back your heads and your horns before I break them, and make what noise you will with your tongues, so it be not treason. Long live Queen Mary, the lawful and legitimate daughter of Harry the Eighth! Shout, knaves!
CITIZENS
Long live Queen Mary!
FIRST CITIZEN
That's a hard word, legitimate; what does it mean?
SECOND CITIZEN
It means a bastard.
THIRD CITIZEN
Nay, it means true-born.
FIRST CITIZEN
Why, didn't the Parliament make her a bastard?
SECOND CITIZEN
No; it was the Lady Elizabeth.
THIRD CITIZEN
That was after, man; that was after.
FIRST CITIZEN
Then which is the bastard?
SECOND CITIZEN
Troth, they be both bastards by Act of Parliament and Council.
THIRD CITIZEN
Ay, the Parliament can make every true-born man of us a bastard. Old Nokes, can't it make thee a bastard? thou shouldst know, for thou art as white as three Christmasses.
OLD NOKES (dreamily)
Who's a-passing? King Edward or King Richard?
THIRD CITIZEN
No, old Nokes.
OLD NOKES
It's Harry!
THIRD CITIZEN
It's Queen Mary
OLD NOKES
The blessed Mary's a-passing!
[Falls on his knees.
NOKES
Let father alone, my masters! he's past your questioning.
THIRD CITIZEN
Answer thou for him, then thou'rt no such cockerel thyself, for thou was born i' the tail end of old Harry the Seventh.
NOKES
Eh! that was afore bastard-making began. I was born true man at five in the forenoon i' the tail of old Harry, and so they can't make me a bastard.
THIRD CITIZEN
But if Parliament can make the Queen a bastard, why, it follows all the more that they can make thee one, who art fray'd i' the knees, and out at elbow, and bald o' the back, and bursten at the toes, and down at heels.
NOKES
I was born of a true man and a ring'd wife, and I can't argue upon it; but I and my old woman 'ud burn upon it, that would we.
MARSHALMAN
What are you cackling of bastardy under the Queen's own nose? I'll have you flogg'd and burnt too, by the Rood I will.
FIRST CITIZEN
He swears by the Rood. Whew!
SECOND CITIZEN
Hark! the trumpets.
[The Procession passes, MARY and ELIZABETH riding side by side, and disappears under the gate.
CITIZENS
Long live Queen Mary! down with all traitors! God save her Grace; and death to Northumberland!
[Exeunt.
[Manent TWO GENTLEMEN.
FIRST GENTLEMAN
By God's light a noble creature, right royal!
SECOND GENTLEMAN
She looks comelier than ordinary to-day; but to my mind the Lady Elizabeth is the more noble and royal.
FIRST GENTLEMAN
I mean the Lady Elizabeth. Did you hear (I have a daughter in her service who reported it) that she met the Queen at Wanstead with five hundred horse, and the Queen (tho' some say they be much divided) took her hand, call'd her sweet sister, and kiss'd not her alone, but all the ladies of her following.
SECOND GENTLEMAN
Ay, that was in her hour of joy; there will be plenty to sunder and unsister them again: this Gardiner for one, who is to be made Lord Chancellor, and will pounce like a wild beast out of his cage to worry Cranmer.
FIRST GENTLEMAN
And furthermore, my daughter said that when there rose a talk of the late rebellion, she spoke even of Northumberland pitifully, and of the good Lady Jane as a poor innocent child who had but obeyed her father; and furthermore, she said that no one in her time should be burnt for heresy.
SECOND GENTLEMAN
Well, sir, I look for happy times.
FIRST GENTLEMAN
There is but one thing against them. I know not if you know.
SECOND GENTLEMAN
I suppose you touch upon the rumour that Charles, the master of the world, has offer'd her his son Philip, the Pope and the Devil. I trust it is but a rumour.
FIRST GENTLEMAN
She is going now to the Tower to loose the prisoners there, and among them Courtenay, to be made Earl of Devon, of royal blood, of splendid feature, whom the council and all her people wish her to marry. May it be so, for we are many of us Catholics, but few Papists, and the Hot Gospellers will go mad upon it.
SECOND GENTLEMAN
Was she not betroth'd in her babyhood to the Great Emperor himself?
FIRST GENTLEMAN
Ay, but he's too old.
SECOND GENTLEMAN
And again to her cousin Reginald Pole, now Cardinal; but I hear that he too is full of aches and broken before his day.
FIRST GENTLEMAN
O, the Pope could dispense with his Cardinalate, and his achage, and his breakage, if that were all: will you not follow the procession?
SECOND GENTLEMAN
No; I have seen enough for this day.
FIRST GENTLEMAN
Well, I shall follow; if I can get near enough I shall judge with my own eyes whether her Grace incline to this splendid scion of Plantagenet.
[Exeunt.
SCENE II―A ROOM IN LAMBETH PALACE.
CRANMER
To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frankfort, Zurich, Worms,
Geneva, Basle―our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying―Poinet, Barlow,
Bale, Scory, Coverdale; besides the Deans
Of Christchurch, Durham, Exeter, and Wells―
Ailmer and Bullingham, and hundreds more;
So they report: I shall be left alone.
No: Hooper, Ridley, Latimer will not fly.
[Enter PETER MARTYR
PETER MARTYR
Fly, Cranmer! were there nothing else, your name
Stands first of those who sign'd the Letters Patent
That gave her royal crown to Lady Jane.
CRANMER
Stand first it may, but it was written last:
Those that are now her Privy Council, sign'd
Before me: nay, the Judges had pronounced
That our young Edward might bequeath the crown
Of England, putting by his father's will.
Yet I stood out, till Edward sent for me.
The wan boy-king, with his fast-fading eyes
Fixt hard on mine, his frail transparent hand,
Damp with the sweat of death, and griping mine,
Whisper'd me, if I loved him, not to yield
His Church of England to the Papal wolf
And Mary; then I could no more―I sign'd.
Nay, for bare shame of inconsistency,
She cannot pass her traitor council by,
To make me headless.
PETER MARTYR
That might be forgiven.
I tell you, fly, my Lord. You do not own
The bodily presence in the Eucharist,
Their wafer and perpetual